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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Interpersonal psychotherapies in medicine.

One person can sometimes influence another in a face-to-face encounter, and in psychotherapy the aim is to maximise this effect, when appropriate and possible, for relief of distress, modification of disease processes, and/or growth of personality.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Importance of oxygen transport in clinical medicine.

One or more of the several components of the oxygen transport system may function abnormally in critical illness. Arterial hypoxemia is an important feature of acute respiratory failure. Its prominence may obscure other limitations in oxygen availability such as low cardiac output, anemia, or an increased red cell affinity state. These several components of the oxygen transport system can be influenced by therapeutic maneuvers, but the result may not necessarily be a net benefit. For example, red blood cell transfusion therapy may correct anemia, but increase the red blood cell affinity state so as to adversely affect cardiac function. Treatment programs require consideration of the interaction of these several variables affecting oxygen transport.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Cerebral Malaria.

Cerebral malaria is an acute diffuse encephalopathy associated only with Plasmodium falciparum. It is probably a consequence of the rapid proliferation of the parasites in the body of man in relation to red cell invasion, and results in stagnation of blood flow in cerebralcapillaries with thromobotic occlusion of large numbers of cerebral capillaries. The subsequent cerebral pathology is cerebral infarction with haemorrhage and cerebral oedema. The wide prevalence of P. falciparum in highly endemic areas results in daily challenges to patients from several infected mosquitoes. It is thus important to understand the characteristics of P. falciparum, since this is one of the most important protozoan parasites of man and severe infection from it constitutes one of the few real clinical emergencies in tropical medicine. One of the more important aspects of the practice of medicine in the tropics is to establish a good understanding of the pattern of medical practice in that area. This applies to malaria as well as to other diseases. The neophyte might be somewhat surprised to learn, for example that an experienced colleague who lives in a holoendemic malarious area such as West Africa, sees no cerebral malaria. But the explanation is simple when the doctor concerned has a practice which involves treating adults only. Cerebral malaria is rare in adults, because in highly endemic areas, by the age of 1 year most of the infants in a group under study have already experienced their first falciparum infection. By the time they reach adult life, they have a solid immunity against severe falciparum infections. In fact, "clinical malaria" could occur in such a group under only two circumstances: 1) in pregnancy, a patent infection with P. falciparum might develop, probably due to an IgG drain across the placenta to the foetus;2) in an individual who has constantly taken antimalarials and who may have an immunity at such a low level that when antimalarial therapy is interrupted, clinical malaria might ensue. The above examples emphasise the paramount importance of the clinician dealing with malaria having some insight into the complex immunity processes operative in the human host; these have been reviewed by McGregor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Non-Model Species: Applications and Challenges.

Induced pluripotent stem cells have revolutionized biomedical research-yet the vast majority of life on Earth remains beyond their reach. Non-model species lack the annotated genomes, validated reagents, and species-specific culture infrastructure that make iPSC technology routine in humans and mice, and this infrastructure deficit, compounded by genuine biological differences in pluripotency network architecture across taxa, is what has kept the field narrow. The deep conservation of the core pluripotency network across vertebrates suggests that reprogramming may, in principle, be achievable across a far broader range of species than currently demonstrated-though the extent to which this holds across more divergent taxa remains to be established. This review consolidates current progress and future potential of iPSC technology across five domains: technical reprogramming challenges and advances; conservation applications including genetic rescue, in vitro gametogenesis, and de-extinction; medical applications within a one medicine framework; agricultural applications spanning disease resistance, climate resilience, and cultured meat; and species-specific iPSC-derived systems in ecotoxicology. Throughout, we distinguish what has been demonstrated from what remains aspirational and identify the priorities that will determine whether the iPSC revolution can be extended-rigorously and at scale-beyond model organism research.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing students' opinions about acupuncture and Chinese medicine.

Eighty senior nursing students at the University of San Francisco (USF) were divided at random into four groups of 20. Two groups were pretested on their knowledge of acupuncture and Chinese medicine. One week later a 50-minute class in acupuncture and Chinese medicine was given in a community health class to one of the two pretexted groups and one of the two untested groups. Following the class, the test was given to all four groups. Using the Solomon Four-Group design to measure effects of pretesting and the class content, significant differences were found between the groups on questions seeking differences, to confirm the first hypothesis that an increase in knowledge about acupuncture and Chinese medicine will accompany an increase in its acceptance as a healing tool and the desire to learn more about it. A t-test on the results of pre- and post- tests confirmed the second hypothesis that there will be no difference between groups in history or maturation from one week to the next.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1977

The perils of medical education.

Medicine and medical education have always faced the uncomfortable necessity of making decisions on the basis of incomplete information. In recent years far more intense social pressures have been added. Some of these are technical and theoretically can be solved logically, for example, equitable financing of medical care and education. However, some of the pressures have their roots in a more general malaise, the loss of philosophical faith and trust in our institutions. The task of the medical educator is to encourage rational changes, but to resist irrational ones. Medicine at its best is in itself for those in this and related professions, at least, a partial response to the abiding human need to feel fulfillment in an altruistic cause.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1977

Technique of locoregional irradiation in breast cancer.

In medicine, one modality of treatment cannot be replaced by another unless the new method is equal, if not superior, to the existing one. Currently, much is heard about using irradiation alone for the treatment of early breast cancer. Uniform irradiation of the breast, underlying chest wall, and the regional lymph nodes is a complex procedure and unless done properly, a geographical miss of the tumor and/or unnecessary irradiation of adjacent normal structures can occur, leading to inferiority of the treatment method.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

[Permanent identification team of the central criminal police bureau and its requirements for dentists].

The Norwegian Department of Justice has by Order in Council in 1975 established an identification team under the jurisdiction of the Central Criminal Police Bureau. The team has four members: two police officers, one expert in forensic medicin and one in forensic dentistry. Deputy members of the team are also appointed and those for forensic medicine and forensic dentistry are residents of the three largest cities of Norway, viz. Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim. The responsibility of the team is to identify victims of mass disasters, and to assist in other difficult identifications both in Norway and in foreign countries when Norwegian interests are involved. Each member of the team shall sign the identification report and will thus have a veto in uncertain cases. Consquently the dentist in the team must also evaluate the entire material in each case. For identification purposes, the dentists are urged to comply with some requirements as to dental charts, radiographs and treatment. Each patient must have a clear and readable dental chart containing his name, address and date of birth. Dental characteristics should be noted. Radiographic status should be made of the teeth of regular patients and of special teeth when extensive treatment is required. The radiograms must be kept in file and identified by the name of the patient and the date of exposure. Patients wearing dental prosthesis should be offered denture marking, and the dentures should be recorded in detail on the chart. For flying personell radiographic status is regarded mandatory, and recording of all resotrations are recommended. The aviation company should be informed of the name of the dentists of their crew. Wehn a dentist is asked for assistance in an identification case, the original dental chart, all radiograms models etc. are requested to be delivered. Additions or explantations may also be valuable.

Dental Records↗
PubMed1979

[Current status and problems of tuberculosis. 10 years of experience in a general medicine department].

One hundred and seventeen cases of tuberculous disease who came to the Authors' observation in 10 years are described. Some cases are illustrated in details just to point out the complexity and the different guises of clinical presentation and to underscore the importance of an high index of suspicion for tuberculosis in patients who are admitted to a ward of internal medicine. In 71 patients with active, progressive tuberculous disease, the diagnosis was confirmed by bacteriological findings in 29 cases and by bioptical and hystological data in 5 cases; in the remaining 37 cases only clinical and radiological criteria were met but the diagnosis was confirmed by the improvement which was observed after antimycobacterial therapy. Many difficulties have been met in the differential diagnosis between pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchogenic carcinoma in those cases with anamnestic and radiological data of previous pulmonary tuberculosis. When the radiological site of lesions was in the posterior segments of the lung, tuberculosis was the most probable diagnosis, while bronchogenic carcinoma is most oftenly localized in the anterior segments; only in 5 cases of the Author's series the above mentioned criterion was not satisfied. In 46 cases with clinical signs of inactive tuberculous disease which had not been adequately treated with chemotherapy, isoniazid was given only to those patients with a high risk of reactivation (silicosis, diabetes, chronic alcholism, gastric resection, prolonged steroid therapy). Two cases of isoniazid hepatitis were observed among patients treated by the Authors.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The scope of a laboratory animal program needed at a veterinary school.

The discipline of laboratory animal medicine is one of the most rapidly expanding specialties within the veterinary profession. Veterinary schools should fully accept the responsibility for introductory instruction in laboratory animal medicine in the professional curriculum. Such instruction should articulate the varied opportunities that exist for the laboratory animal veterinarian within the biomedical research community, and provide an overview of the normal biological characteristics and pathologic conditions of the common laboratory animal species. In addition, the opportunity should exist within the veterinary school for graduate and undergraduate students utilizing experimental animals to receive a comprehensive introduction to laboratory animal biology, care, and management. Instructional responsibility for such courses should be accepted by faculty veterinarians with advanced training in laboratory animal medicine. Veterinarians with advanced training in this specialty are uniquely qualified to make substantial contributions to biomedical research by promoting the health and welfare of the research animal.

Animals↗