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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Stereotyped behavior and hyperthermia in dogs: correlation with the levels of amphetamine and p-hydroxyamphetamine in plasma and CSF.

A gas-chromatographic method for simultaneously measuring p-hydroxyamphetamine (pOA) against amphetamine (A) in plasma and CSF is presented. The time course of body temperature (Tb), stereotyped behavior (St), and A and pOA levels in plasma and CSF were studied after administration of 0.6 and 1.5 mg/kg p.o. of A to dogs. Stereotyped behavior reached maximal value 2.5 h after A, as did levels of A in CSF. The A levels in CSF decreased steadily in the following hours and simultaneously with the levels of A in plasma. St remained elevated and began to decrease after 6.5 h. The relationship between St and amounts of A was not linear but exponential. This suggest that both A and its metabolite contributed to this effect. In fact, a linear relationship was found between St and the amounts of pOA in CSF. Body temperature had a time course similar to A plasma levels, reaching peak value after 1.5 h and declining thereafter simultaneously with A. A linear relationship was found between Tb and the amounts of A in plasma. Thus Tb seems to be a peripheral A effect related to the presence of the drug in plasma.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1979

Paradoxical effect of amphetamine in an endogenous model of the hyperkinetic syndrome in a hybrid dog: correlation with amphetamine and p-hydroxyamphetamine blood levels.

A telomian-beagle hybrid has been studied as a possible model for the hyperkinetic syndrome in children. Behavior tests showed that hybrids, like children, exhibit hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and impaired learning. Two groups of hybrid could be differentiated; the behaviour of one improved after amphetamine (responders) while that of the other did not (nonresponders). Moreover hybrids were less responsive than beagles to other effects of amphetamine such as stereotyped behaviour and hyperthermia. Measurement of blood levels of amphetamine and its active metabolite p-hydroxyamphetamine (pOA) showed that hybrids form less pOA. We propose that the lesser response of hybrids to toxic effects of amphetamine is due to this difference in amphetamine metabolism. Responders showed higher peak blood levels of amphetamine than nonresponders and their improvement on amphetamine correlated with blood levels of amphetamine. Therefore high levels of amphetamine appear to be necessary for its 'paradoxical' effect in this model. This suggests that amphetamine acts by activating both noradrenergic and dopaminergic neuronal systems in the CNS.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1975

The role of p-hydroxylation of amphetamine in its peripheral mode of action.

Desipramine completely abolished the blood pressure response to (+) amphetamine in the rat, whereas the tricyclic antidepressant iprindole did not reduce this response. Since both tricyclic drugs inhibit the aromatic hydroxylation of amphetamine, these studies do not support the hypothesis that hydroxylated metabolites of amphetamine, p-hydroxyamphetamine and p-hydroxynorephedrine are essential for the peripheral sympathomimetic effects of amphetamine.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1975

[Effects of beta-phenylethylamine derivatives on the central nervous system. (5) The effect of intracerebral administration of tyramine on head twitching in mice pre-treated with isocarboxazid].

Effects of drugs on head-twitches induced by tyramine (Ty) in isocarboxazide (Iso) pretreated mice were studied and the following results obtained: 1) In beta-phenylethylamine derivatives, p-hydroxyamphetamine in non-treated and Iso-pretreated mice and Ty in Iso-pretreated mice produced head-twitches. 2) Injection of 5-HTP (i.c. and i.p.) into mice induced head-twitches. 3) Although head-twitches were not induced by a low dose of 5-HTP (20 mg/kg, i.p.), in Iso pretreated mice, the number of headtwitches increased markedly in the Iso-Ty treated group when Ty was injected i.c. in Iso+5-HTP (20 mg/kg) pretreated mice. 4) When Iso-Ty was injected into alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine pretreated mice, the number of head-twitches increased markedly compared with Iso-Ty treated group. 5) When Iso-Ty was injected into mice sustained with p-chlorophenylalanine, the number of head-twitches decreased markedly compared with the Iso-Ty treated group. 6) The number of head-twitches decreased markedly when Iso-Ty was injected into dimetotiazine pretreated mice, however the administration of Iso-Ty in haloperidol pretreated mice had no influence on head-twitches. 7) It is concluded that serotonin is the acting mediator in the head-twitch response.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The metabolism of p-methoxyamphetamine in dog and monkey. O-demethylation as a major route.

p-Hydroxyamphetamine (PHA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) have been isolated by gas-liquid chromatography (GC) as urinary metabolites of p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) in dogs and rhesus monkeys. The amounts of PMA excreted unchanged in the total 24-hr urine samples in dogs and monkeys were 26% and 3%, respectively, of the total administered doses. The amounts of the pharmacologically active metabolite PHA excreted in 24-hr urine samples were 13% in the dog and 44% in the monkey. In the dog, 72% of the PHA was present as free (unconjugated) PHA, whereas in the monkey the amount of PHA present in the free form was only 14%.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1979

Oculosympathetic paresis. Analysis of 100 hospitalized patients.

Of 100 consecutive, adult, hospitalized inpatients with acquired unilateral oculosympathetic palsy, in 63 the central neuron was involved-usually due to strokes; in 21, tumor or trauma affected the preganglionic neuron; and in 13, postganglionic damage was sustained from a variety of causes. The preponderance of first neuron involvement by stroke is in part a reflection of patient sampling, but emphasizes the fact that central causes of Horner's syndrome are common.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Interaction between d-amphetamine and ethanol with respect to locomotion, stereotypies, ethanol sleeping time, and the kinetics of drug elimination.

The interaction between d-amphetamine and ethanol with respect to locomotor activity, stereotyped behavior, and sleeping time was investigated in rats. Ethanol 0.8 g/kg i.p. enhanced and prolonged locomotor activity produced by d-amphetamine 1 mg/kg s.c. The increased motility after 5 mg/kg d-amphetamine was not influenced by alcohol 0.8 g/kg i.p. or 3.2 g/kg orally, but slightly protracted. Stereotyped head and paw movements, as well as stereotyped licking, were distinctly strengthened and protracted by 3.2 g/kg ethanol orally. The modified d-amphetamine motility and stereotypies can be explained by alcohol-induced proloneation of the life of d-amphetomine. The effect is produced by alcohol's inhibition d-amphetamine p-hydroxylation in rat liver. After 3.2 g/kg ethanol i.p., the sleeping time of male rats amounted to 153 min. Simultaneous administration of 5 mg/kg d-amphetamine s.c. reduced the sleeping time to 84 min. This is obviously based on a central antagonism.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Accumulation of radioiodinated tyrosine derivatives in the adrenal medulla and in melanomas.

Because tyrosine and dopa can be regarded as precursors of adrenomedullary hormones and melanin, radioiodinated derivatives of these compounds were tested for their accumulation in the adrenal medulla and in melanomas of various animal species. The highest level of accumulation in the adrenal medulla was attained in mice and rats with iodinated beta-hydroxy-alpha-methyltyramine, and in melanomas of mice with iodinated alpha-methyltyrosine. The results could not be reproduced to the same extent in other species.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1979

Ocular hypotensive action of labetalol.

Labetalol has a unique and profound effect on the IOP of rabbits, in contrast to pure beta-adrenergic blockers which have little or no effect in this animal. Its action cannot be satisfactorily explained by simple alpha and beta-adrenergic blocking activity. In the concentrations used, it failed to block the action of a beta-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol), the action of an alpha-adrenegic agonist (norepinephrine), and its own hypotensive action was neither blocked nor potentiated by the alpha-adrenergic blocker phenoxybenzamine. However, the beta blocker, timolol, did reduce the action of labetalol. These observations and the reduced response to labetalol after cervical sympathectomy, suggest that labetalol's ocular hypotensive effect may occur through some mechanism other than alpha or beta blockade.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Thin layer chromatographic identification of some sympathomimetic amines.

Thin layer chromatographic behavior of some sympathomimetic amines in the presence of acids in neutral and organic solvent systems is reported. The sympathomimetic amines were dissolved in 0.1N HCl or ethanol and treated with bromocresol green or p-nitrobenzoyl chloride reagents on fiber sheets or precoated glass plates. Two-, 3-, and 4-, component solvent systems were tested. Benzene-ethyl acetate gave 2 spots for each amine standard; the more polar spots were satisfactorily separated. Amines in pharmaccuticals were not separated by any solvent system tested.

Amines↗
PubMed1976

Discriminative response control by psychomotor stimulants.

Psychomotor stimulants are capable of controlling discriminative responding in rats. Evidence suggests that response control is central, of a fairly specific nature, and dependent on intact dopaminergic functions.

DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine↗