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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Phenotypic analysis and characterization of CD34+ cells from normal human bone marrow, cord blood, peripheral blood, and mobilized peripheral blood from patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation.

Single- and multicolor flow cytometry were used to define progenitor subsets in normal human bone marrow and peripheral blood, cord blood, and blood following mobilization of CD34+ progenitor cells by cyclophosphamide or cyclophosphamide/etoposide/G-CSF treatment. CD34 cells were quantitated and subsets of CD34+ cells were defined by coexpression of CD33, CD13, CD10, CD19, CD45RA, and CD71. Myeloid and erythroid progenitors were quantitated by sorting single CD34+ cells into individual wells of 96-well plates containing methylcellulose, IL-3, GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-6, and erythropoietin. Comparative studies of CD34 cells showed that the percentage of CD34+ mononuclear cells was greatest in blood samples from patients following mobilization treatment with cyclophosphamide/etoposide/G-CSF averaging 2%. By comparison, the remaining sample groups ranged from 1.68 to 0.15% CD34 cells in this order, bone marrow > cord blood > cyclophosphamide mobilized blood > peripheral blood. Comparison of CD34 cells per milliliter of bone marrow or blood showed a range of 22.4 x 10(4) to 0.65 x 10(4)/ml in the following order, bone marrow > chemotherapy/etoposide/G-CSF > cord blood > cyclophosphamide-mobilized blood. Comparative analysis of CD34 subsets from different sources showed significant differences, particularly bone marrow and blood samples. A distinct population of CD34+ CD19+ (Leu 12) CD10+ (CALLA) pre-B lymphocyte cells was defined in bone marrow with lower side and forward light scatter characteristics and was variable between donors (29.8 +/- 16.9%, mean +/- 1 SD; range, 3-54%; n = 8). This population was not found to a significant degree in blood and also expressed CD45RA (Leu 18). Coexpression studies of CD45RA and CD71 (transferrin receptor) expression on CD34+ cells defined a CD45RA- CD71+ population containing 89 +/- 6.3% (n = 4) BFU-E and a CD45RA+ CD71+ population that contained all CFU-GM (n = 4). LeuM7 (CD13) stained a larger percentage to a greater intensity than MY7 (CD13). Coexpression of CD45RA (Leu 18) and CD13 (LeuM7) defined a subset of CD13+ CD45RA+ cells enriched for CFU-GM and CFU-M with a cloning efficiency of 31%. Coexpression of CD33 (MY9) and CD13 (MY7) defined a population that was predominantly CFU-GM with a cloning efficiency of 38%. These studies define CD34+ phenotypes containing pure populations of B lymphocyte, granulocyte-macrophage, or erythroid progenitors and demonstrate the utility of multiparameter flow cytometry to define lineage-committed CD34+ cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Sensitivities of PCR, MicroTrak, ChlamydiaEIA, IDEIA, and PACE 2 for purified Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies in urine, peripheral blood, peripheral blood leukocytes, and synovial fluid.

Routine microbiological diagnosis of Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis is based mainly on the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis with urogenital swabs or in urine. Because chlamydial antigen, rRNA, and DNA are present in low quantities in the inflamed joint, highly sensitive assays are needed to detect C. trachomatis not only at the primary site of infection but also in peripheral blood and peripheral blood leukocytes, which are suspected carriers for dissemination, and in synovial fluid. To evaluate possible tools for this purpose, the sensitivities of PCR, MicroTrak, Chlamydia EIA, IDEIA, and PACE 2 for the detection of defined numbers of purified C. trachomatis elementary bodies (EB) in urine, peripheral blood, peripheral blood leukocytes, and synovial fluid were determined. In urine, PCR detected 2, MicroTrak and ChlamydiaEIA detected 2 x 10(3), and PACE 2 and IDEIA detected 2 x 10(4) EB per ml. In peripheral blood, only PCR and MicroTrak detected C. trachomatis, with detection limits of 100 and 2 x 10(7) EB per ml, respectively. For peripheral blood leukocytes, the detection limits were 2 EB per ml for PCR and 2 x 10(4) EB per ml for MicroTrak, ChlamydiaEIA, IDEIA, and PACE 2. In synovial fluid, PCR detected 200, MicroTrak and IDEIA detected 2 x 10(5), and PACE 2 detected 10(6) EB per ml. ChlamydiaEIA was unable to detect 2 x 10(6) EB per ml in synovial fluid. In summary, PCR was found to be the most sensitive method. The sensitivities of the other methods tested were at least 1,000 times lower than that of PCR. PCR should therefore be considered a most promising tool for routine diagnosis of Chlamydia-induced arthritis.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

Benzene-induced micronuclei formation in mouse fetal liver blood, peripheral blood, and maternal bone marrow cells.

The transplacental cytogenetic effects of benzene were studied by using the micronucleus test of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) found in both fetal liver and fetal peripheral blood, and were compared with PCE from maternal bone marrow. Timed-pregnant mice received single intraperitoneal doses of benzene (0, 109, 219, 437, or 874 mg/kg bw) on the 14th day of gestation and were sacrificed 21 hr after injection. Benzene elicited a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in fetal liver blood cells (0.55 to 1.36%, control 0.18%) at doses of 219 to 874 mg/kg, and in fetal peripheral blood cells (0.49 to 0.58%, control 0.25%) and maternal bone marrow cells (0.53 to 0.70%, control 0.10%) at doses of 437 and 874 mg/kg. The data demonstrate that benzene is a moderate transplacental clastogenic agent, and that the mouse transplacental micronucleus test using fetal liver blood cells is a potentially more sensitive indicator of the genotoxicity of benzene than either fetal peripheral blood or maternal bone marrow cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Differences in megakaryocyte expansion potential between CD34(+) stem cells derived from cord blood, peripheral blood, and bone marrow from adults and children.

OBJECTIVE: Reinfusion of ex vivo expanded autologous megakaryocytes together with stem cell transplantation may be useful to prevent or reduce the period of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. We compared the megakaryocyte expansion potential of CD34(+) stem cells derived from different sources: cord blood (CB), peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow from adults (ABM), and bone marrow from children (ChBM). Three different growth factor combinations were tested to identify the best combination for each of the sources. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CD34(+) cells were isolated from CB, PB, ABM, or ChBM and cultured in an in vitro liquid culture system in the presence of thrombopoietin (Tpo), Tpo + interleukin (IL-1), or Tpo + IL-3. After 8 days, proliferation was determined and the cultured cells were identified with lineage-specific surface markers by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Cultures with ChBM-derived CD34(+) cells showed the lowest level of expansion of megakaryocytes and gave rise to more profound formation of myeloid and monocytic cells. In cultures with BM- or PB-derived cells, presence of IL-3 reduced the number of immature megakaryocytes (CD34(+)CD41(+) cells). However, in CB cultures, the number of CD34(+)CD41(+) cells was highest in cultures with Tpo + IL-3. Overall, cultures with CB CD34(+) cells yielded the highest number of megakaryocytes, but these cells showed reduced ploidization and lower level of CD41 expression, suggesting less maturation. CONCLUSIONS: Each of the different CD34(+) cell sources responded differently to cytokine stimulation. For PB and ABM, the cytokine combination Tpo + IL-1 is most suitable to obtain high numbers of both immature and mature megakaryocytes for transfusion purposes. For CB, Tpo + IL-3 is better.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Quantitative expression analysis of HHV-6 cell receptor CD46 on cells of human cord blood, peripheral blood and G-CSF mobilised leukapheresis cells.

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) can infect blood cells and thereby may inhibit hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion and differentiation. In this context, it has been discussed if early progenitor cells can be infected by HHV-6. CD46 was identified as one possible cellular surface receptor for HHV-6. The study presented here had been done to get insight into the susceptibility of various leukocyte subpopulations to HHV-6 (including early hematopoietic progenitors) by determining the amount of CD46 molecules expressed on their surfaces. Human cord blood cells, peripheral blood cells and G-CSF mobilised progenitor cells were analysed by flow cytometry. CD46 molecule number per cell was determined and compared to calibration beads conjugated with known ratio of PE per bead. Highest CD46 expression was detected on B- lymphocytes, whereas T-lymphocytes only showed about half of the amount found on B cells. Hematopoietic progenitors also carried CD46 at intermediate levels. Unexpectedly, CD46 expression on progenitors from G-CSF mobilised leukapheresis products was approximately 20% of that found on comparable cells from untreated cord blood. In conclusion, hematopoietic progenitor cells express CD46 on their surface, thereby fulfilling a basic requirement for the susceptibility of HHV-6 infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Relative sedimentation of hematopoietic progenitors in human cord blood, peripheral blood, and bone marrow as determined by counterflow centrifugal elutriation.

BACKGROUND: The current use of cord blood (CB) and peripheral blood (PB) stem cells as alternatives or adjunctives to bone marrow (BM) for hematopoietic reconstitution in the treatment of various diseases prompted an examination of the progenitors of these tissues by counterflow centrifugal elutriation (CCE). METHODS: The cells, obtained from normal donors not primed with colony-stimulating factors, were centrifuged at 3000 rpm in a Beckman Sanderson Chamber. Fractions (Frs.) were collected at (1) 18 ml/min, (2) 25 ml/min, (3) 32 ml/min, (4) 40 ml/min, and (5) the rotor-off fraction. RESULTS: Clonogenic assays revealed differences in the fraction localizations for CB and PB when compared to BM, i.e., recovery of the colony-forming units for CB and PB was greater in the small-medium cell size CCE fractions, and those from BM were found primarily among the medium-large cell size fractions. Thus, although colony-forming unit granulocyte/macrophage colonies were distributed throughout Frs. 2-5 of BM, CB and PB showed 80% of the total to be in Frs. 2 and 3. Further, although burst-forming unit erythroid colonies of BM were distributed equally in Frs. 2 and 3, greater than 70% of the total burst-forming unit erythroid colonies in CB and PB were found in Fr. 2. Distribution of the CD34 cells in the fractions correlated with the colony-forming units in that these were found primarily in Frs. 2 and 3 of CB and PB, whereas they were present in significant numbers throughout Frs. 1-5 of BM. CONCLUSIONS: We interpret these findings to indicate CB and PB to be qualitatively similar in their hematopoietic lineage development and to contain a greater proportion of early versus late progenitors relative to those found in BM.

Blood Cells↗
PubMed1994

Intragraft events after heart transplantation: an experimental study comparing cytology in coronary sinus blood, peripheral blood, and daily histology.

Acute rejection is a frequent consequence after heart transplantation. To expand our knowledge of the rejection process and to investigate some intragraft events during acute rejection, the following experimental transplantation model was designed. Right cervical heart transplantation was performed in 12 mongrel dogs. Two experimental groups of six animals each received different immunosuppressive regimens. All animals were treated with daily triple drug therapy. In contrast to group 1, the animals in group 2 received high-dose steroids during rejection. The condition of the hearts was examined by daily transmural biopsies, graded according to the Billingham classification. To detect and quantify alterations in the mononuclear cell subsets of the myocardial venous return, blood samples from the coronary sinus blood (CS) and from peripheral blood (PB) were taken simultaneously with the biopsy. The total number of lymphoblasts and activated lymphocytes was determined and an activation index (AI) was calculated. The data referred to was established from 337 transmural biopsies. The AI of PB (n = 287) correlated well with the different stages of acute rejection (grade B0: AI = 2.2 +/- 2.1; grade B1 + 2: AI = 6.3 +/- 1.7; grade B3: AI = 10.0 +/- 4.7; P < 0.001). The rejection kinetics of both groups, including the rejection-free interval following high-dose steroid administration in group 2, could be expressed accurately by the AI. The time course of the total number of lymphoblasts in CS versus PB demonstrated that the lymphoproliferative response started 4 days prior to the first intramyocardial signs of rejection (mean = 3.8 +/- 0.7; n = 12).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Prognostic significance of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen mRNA levels in tumor drainage blood and peripheral blood of patients with colorectal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the prognostic value of detecting circulating tumor cells in the tumor drainage blood and peripheral blood of patients with colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 53 patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma were studied. Tumor drainage blood and peripheral blood samples that were obtained during surgery were examined for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: In spiking experiments, the assay indicated a sensitivity limit of 1 carcinoma cell per 10(6) cells. CEA mRNA was detected in the tumor drainage blood of 36 of 53 patients (68%) and in the peripheral blood of 18 of 53 patients (34%). The rate of detection in both tumor drainage blood and peripheral blood was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, or vascular invasion (P < 0.05). Among those patients who underwent potentially curative resection, the 2-year disease free survival rate of patients whose tumor drainage or peripheral blood was negative for CEA mRNA was significantly better than that of patients who showed CEA mRNA positivity of either sample (tumor drainage blood: 100% vs. 57%; P < 0.05; peripheral blood: 74% vs. 50%; P < 0.01), although the follow-up thus far has been only 9-30 months. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of CEA mRNA in the blood is a useful indicator of circulating tumor cells, and it is one of the determinant prognostic factors for patients with colorectal carcinoma. Moreover, the absence of CEA mRNA in tumor drainage blood was found to be a superior marker for disease free survival compared with that in peripheral blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Concentration of mitomycin C in portal blood and peripheral blood after intra venous, intraperitoneal or intrapelvic administration].

Immediately before closing the abdomen in a curative operation for colorectal cancer, 20 mg of Mitomycin C (MMC) was administered by intravenous, intraperitoneal or intrapelvic routes, and portal blood and peripheral blood were simultaneously collected to investigate the disposition of MMC. After intravenous administration, the MMC concentration in portal and peripheral bloods changed at the same levels, showing a biphasic pattern. The maximum concentration (Cmax) seen shortly after administration was about 2 micrograms/ml. The blood halflife in phase alpha was about 5 min, and that in phase beta about 30 min. After intraperitoneal administration, the MMC concentration in portal blood was over 60 min higher than that in peripheral blood. Cmax in portal blood, seen within 5 min after administration, was about 0.5 micrograms/ml, and that in peripheral blood was about 0.2 micrograms/ml around 10 min. The half-life was about 30 min in both types of blood. After intrapelvic administration, the MMC concentration in portal blood changed at higher levels than in peripheral blood, as after intraperitoneal administration. The Cmax in portal blood, obtained within about 5 min, was about 0.3 micrograms/ml, and that in peripheral blood was about 0.1 micrograms/ml at 12 min. The half-life was about 30 min in both types of blood. As described above, the disposition of MMC was investigated on the basis of the concentration in portal and peripheral blood. As a result, intravenous MMC showed a similar change, whereas intraperitoneal or intrapelvic MMC was higher in portal blood than in peripheral blood, indicating that the disposition of MMC was different with the route of administration.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Acute systemic inflammation transiently synchronizes clock gene expression in equine peripheral blood.

Peripheral clocks receive timing signals from the master mammalian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and function to adaptively anticipate daily changes that influence local physiology. Evidence suggests that peripheral immune activation may act as a resetting signal for circadian clocks in peripheral tissues. We wished to investigate whether acute systemic inflammation could synchronize clock gene expression in equine peripheral blood, a tissue that does not normally oscillate in this species. We report that in vivo administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in significant upregulation of the core clock genes Per2 and Bmal1 in equine blood, in association with an acute rise in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and core body temperature compared to vehicle-treated control animals. Furthermore, co-administration of LPS and phenylbutazone, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known to inhibit prostaglandin (PG) E(2) synthesis in the horse, prevents both the febrile response and the synchronized increase in clock gene expression. However, the rise in Per2 and Bmal1 expression cannot be replicated in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) ex vivo by treatment with PGE(2), LPS or a heat shock mimicking the in vivo febrile response. These results may suggest an indirect communication pathway between immune modulators and the molecular machinery of cell clocks in peripheral blood. This potential immune feedback regulation of an equine peripheral clock implies a role for the circadian system in contributing to innate immune reactions and maintaining homeostasis in a tissue that acts as the first line of defense during an infectious challenge.

ARNTL Transcription Factors↗
PubMed1990

[A clinical study of immunological status in patients with gastric cancer: with special reference to T-cell subsets, interleukin-2 in the lymphocytes of peripheral blood].

Peripheral blood lymphocytes of 63 patients with gastric cancer were studied by using different monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Used monoclonal antibodies were OKT3 (total T cell), OKT4 (helper/inducer), OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic), Leu 7 and Leu 11 (NK/K cell). Interleukin-2 was measured by tritium-labelled thymidine CTLL assay on the supernatant of peripheral blood lymphocytes after 24 hours stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. Interleukin-2 receptor was also studied by using monoclonal antibody (for Tac antigen) and flow cytometry. The results were as follows: among peripheral blood lymphocytes; 1. the number of OKT3, OKT4 cells and the percentage of OKT4 cells decreased significantly with more advanced stage of cancer. 2. production of interleukin-2 also decreased with the progression of the cancer. 3. decreases in the OKT4/OKT8 ratio were found with cancer progression. 4. the percentage and the number of OKT8 cells increased. 5. the percentage and the number of Leu 11 cells and the number of Leu 7 cells were increased significantly in the stage III (moderately advanced cancer). These results suggested that the activated helper T cells decreased, the induction capability of cytotoxic T cells decreased and the suppressor T cells increased with the progression of cancer. Quantitative and qualitative change in T-cell subsets in advanced stage may be one factor responsible for immunosuppression.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2001

The phenotypic heterogeneity of human natural killer cells: presence of at least 48 different subsets in the peripheral blood.

Peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells are usually defined as a homogeneous cell population. However, NK cells show heterogeneous expression of a diversity of cell surface molecules, which might reflect the diversity of NK-cell functions. Therefore, a more specific phenotypic definition of NK cells is necessary. In this study, we made an inventory of phenotypic subsets that are present within the peripheral blood NK-cell population of healthy donors based on differential expression of nine cell-surface markers. Using three-colour flow cytometric analysis we were able to define at least 48 different CD56(+) NK-cell subsets within the peripheral blood. This phenotypic heterogeneity appeared to be stable among healthy individuals, and was also steady within CD56(dim) and CD56(bright) NK populations, indicating a possible role for these subsets in NK-cell function or differentiation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal platelets from cord blood and peripheral blood.

The haemostatic system in neonates is different from that of adults, possibly contributing to an increased incidence of bleeding disorders, such as intracranial hemorrhage. In this study, we analyzed platelets from cord blood and peripheral blood, collected at three time points after delivery from 20 term and 37 preterm neonates as well as blood from 20 healthy adults. Platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) were quantified and P-selectin expression and PAC-1 binding ability before and after stimulation with TRAP were analyzed by whole blood flow cytometry. We found no significant differences in neonatal platelets from cord blood and peripheral blood within the first 24h of life. Platelets from infants less than 30 weeks of gestation expressed lower levels of GP (33271+/-9381 vs. 44085+/-17287 for GPIIIa, P<0.05) and were less reactive than platelets from term newborns (4.3+/-3.3 vs. 20.1+/-11.8% PAC-1 positive platelets after stimulation with TRAP, P<0.05). A significantly lower level of GPIIb/IIIa expression on platelets from peripheral blood was seen in term newborns as well as preterm infants, compared to adults. There was only a partial enhancement in the degranulation ability (alpha-granules) (13.4+/-12.3 vs. 50.3+/-16.1% P-selectin positive platelets, P<0.05) and no significant increase for PAC-1 binding (13.6+/-10.9 vs. 15.3+/-5.9% PAC-1 positive platelets, P=0.8) during the first 12 days of life. In conclusion, we could demonstrate that neonatal platelet reactivity increases with gestational age.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: bone marrow vs. mobilized peripheral blood.

Peripheral blood stem cells have largely replaced bone marrow as the source of cells in autologous transplantation because of more rapid neutrophil and platelet recovery and faster immune reconstitution. Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells similarly lead to faster hematologic recovery: however, their effects on graft-vs.-host disease, relapse, survival, and immune reconstitution have been less certain. Eight randomized trials have been published to date comparing the clinical outcomes of allogeneic-related donor bone marrow transplantation (BMT) vs. PBSCT and will be reviewed. In addition, comparisons between the two stem cell sources in unrelated donor transplantation and the increasingly utilized nonmyeloablative transplantation will be discussed.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed1983

T lymphocyte subsets in inflammatory bowel disease: peripheral blood.

Peripheral blood T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets have been quantified in 28 patients with ulcerative colitis and 26 with Crohn's disease by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies: OKT3, which detects all peripheral blood T lymphocytes; OKT4 (T cells of helper phenotype); and OKT8 (T cells of supressor-cytotoxic phenotype). Eighteen normal subjects and 16 patients with a variety of non-inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders were studied as controls. No significant differences were found between patient and control groups in the proportions of circulating T lymphocytes or their subsets. When compared with normal subjects, absolute numbers of T lymphocytes were reduced in patients with active ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease (p less than 0.05). OKT4+ T cell numbers were reduced in ulcerative colitis, whether active (p less than 0.02) or inactive (p less than 0.05) and in active Crohn's disease (p less than 0.05) Numbers of OKT8+ T cells were reduced in active Crohn's disease (p less than 0.01). There were no differences in T lymphocyte numbers between the patient groups and the disease control subjects. The OKT4+:OKT8+ ratio in patients with inflammatory bowel disease did not differ from that in controls. No relation was found between any of the parameters studied and disease activity, site, or extent of disease, or treatment with sulphasalazine or corticosteroids. The presence of Ia-like, HLA-DR antigens on T cells was detected using a double marker immunofluorescence technique. In control subjects up to 7% of OKT3+ cells were HLA-DR+. In only three patients was the proportion of HLA-DR+ cells greater than in controls. These results indicate that the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease does not depend upon an alteration in the proportion of circulating T lymphocytes nor upon an imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets as defined by monoclonal antibodies. The reduction in T lymphocyte numbers may result from mucosal infiltration. The findings also suggest that circulating T lymphocytes are not activated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Idiopathic sideroblastic anemia: presence of sideroblastic changes in the erythropoietic precursors cultured from peripheral blood.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from five patients with idiopathic sideroblastic anemia were examined in clonal culture for circulating erythropoietic precursors. Three of these patients had relatively mild anemia and revealed significant burst formation. Two patients who had severe anemia and required regular blood transfusions showed severe diminution or absence of circulating precursors. These results could suggest that the number of circulating erythropoietic precursors reflects effective erythropoiesis in the marrow. Ultrastructural morphology and ultrastructural Prussian-blue staining of the bursts from a patient revealed the characteristic mitochondrial deposition of ferrugionous material in pathologic normoblasts. Peripheral blood clonal cell cultures would, therefore, appear to be a potentially useful tool for analysis of biochemical abnormalities in idiopathic sideroblastic anemia.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of ethanol concentrations in right cardiac blood, left cardiac blood and peripheral blood in a series of 30 cases.

The aim of this study was to compare ethanol concentrations in right cardiac blood, left cardiac blood and peripheral blood. Samples were taken from a series of 30 medicolegal autopsies. Ethanol was measured by headspace GC-FID. In each case, the degree of putrefaction, chest or abdominal injury, and/or regurgitation of gastric contents into the airways were noted. Our results show that there exists in certain cases a marked increase in ethanol concentration in left cardiac blood compared with right cardiac blood and peripheral blood. In these cases, we observed (i) a high concentration of ethanol in the gastric contents and (ii) regurgitation of gastric contents into the airways. The authors discuss the post-mortem redistribution mechanisms which could explain these results and stress the value of sampling right cardiac blood at autopsy.

Central Nervous System Depressants↗