PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “physical functional performance”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Smoking, lung function, physical performance and latent coronary heart disease in presumably healthy middle-aged men.

During a cardiovascular survey comprising 2014 presumably healthy men aged 40-59 years, latent (previously undetected) coronary heart disease (CHD), lung function and physical performance were related to differences in smoking habits. The survey examination classified 1 832 individuals as "normals" (without clinical signs/symptoms of CHD). Among the others, a strong supicion of CHD was found in 115, of whom 105 had diagnostic coronary angiography. No angiography was performed in another 35 individuals with slight, albeit typical angina pectoris. The remaining 42 men were excluded from this presentation for various reasons. The following findings were obtained: 1) in the 69 men with positive coronary angiography, the extent of coronary atheromatosis was positively related to the number of cigarettes smoked. 2) The smoking habits of the 35 individuals with slight angina pectoris but no angiography did not differ from those of the "normals". 3) Physical performance during a near maximal bicycle exercise test and lung function according to spirometry were strongly and negatively related to smoking (in "normals"). 4) Previous smokers and never-smokers among "normals" had almost identical lung function and physical performance.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

EffectS of Lifestyle Interventions in Older PEople With Obesity (Effective SLOPE): a Systematic Review With Network Meta-Analyses.

BACKGROUND/AIM: We conducted a systematic review with network meta-analyses (NMA) summarizing the effects and safety of lifestyle interventions containing nutrition (NUT; e.g., calorie restriction), exercise (EX; e.g., aerobic/resistance exercise) and behavior change interventions (BCI; e.g., behavioral therapy) on physical function, body composition, quality of life, psychosocial outcomes, health and adverse events in community-dwelling older adults with obesity. METHODS: We used the methodology proposed by Cochrane and searched six databases and one trial registry for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs; intervention duration ≥ 12 weeks) up to May 2022 with a full new search in MEDLINE and a re-assessment of previously identified eligible trial registry entries in October 2025. Random-effects NMA ((standardized) mean difference ((S)MD), 95% confidence intervals) were conducted if possible. RESULTS: We included 72 RCTs (n = 6716) for descriptive summaries and 54 RCTs (n = 4249) for NMA. NUT+EX+BCI improved physical function (performance batteries) compared to control (SMD 3.37 [1.76;4.97]; high certainty of evidence). NUT+EX+BCI may reduce body (MD -8.69 [-13.14;-4.25]) and fat mass (MD -6.58 [-10.44;-2.73]) while not negatively affecting fat-free mass (MD -1.38 [-3.52;0.76]) or bone mineral density (MD -0.01 [-0.05;0.02]) (evidence very uncertain). Other interventions (single/combined) may also be effective; however, effects were often imprecise. For psychosocial outcomes, quality of life, and health events, data were insufficient or too heterogeneous to derive clear results. CONCLUSION: The evidence suggests that NUT+EX+BCI interventions are most suitable for the management of obesity in older adults. Nevertheless, further RCTs-especially in frail populations and on patient-relevant outcomes-are needed.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Musculoskeletal Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, but their effects on musculoskeletal health remain completely misunderstood. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review/meta-analysis aims to synthesise clinical data on the effects of GLP-1 RAs on key relevant bone, muscle, and joint outcomes. METHODS: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (both via Ovid&#xae; platform) and Embase were searched from inception to March 2025 to identify relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or real-world evidence (RWE) studies to be included. This bibliographic search was completed manually. A random-effect model meta-analysis was performed for any outcome reported in at least 2 studies. Subgroup analyses were performed on the type of GLP-1 RAs, type of comparator used and study design. Sensitivity analyses (i.e., leave-out sensitivity analyses and analyses restricted to the most adjusted effect estimate) were performed to test the robustness of the data. The strength of evidence was assessed using GRADE. This work has been performed in adherence with PRISMA statement. (PROSPERO Record ID: CRD420251024082). RESULTS: From 1148 potentially relevant references, 60 articles (46 RCTs, 13 RWE studies and 1 pharmacovigilance study, comprising 1,250,717 individuals) met our inclusion criteria. Different GLP-1 RAs were represented across the panel of studies, i.e., semaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, dulaglutide, tirzepatide (dual agonist gastric inhibitory polypeptide [GIP]/GLP-1) and others. No effect on bone outcomes (i.e., bone mineral density [all sites] and fractures [all sites]) were observed when the meta-analytical models included the most adjusted effect size. Regarding muscle outcomes, a significant decrease of lean body mass/fat-free mass was consistently observed with GLP-1 RAs in the global model (k = 28, standardised mean difference [SMD] 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.8; -0.23, I2 88%, p-value for heterogeneity <0.0001), which remained robust in all sensitivity analyses. Subgroup analyses showed that the effect was mainly driven by liraglutide and semaglutide, with a decrease in lean body mass/fat-free mass observed when GLP-1 RAs were compared with placebo. No publication bias was found. Regarding joint outcome, models revealed no significant change in The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain, physical function and stiffness. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis is the first to investigate the effects of GLP-1 RAs on a large panel of musculoskeletal health outcomes. While no significant effects were observed on bone- or joint-related outcomes, GLP-1 RAs were associated with reductions in lean body mass/fat-free mass, although the certainty of evidence was low and these changes appeared largely related to weight loss. Whether these changes translate into clinically meaningful impairments in muscle function or physical performance remains uncertain. Further studies in this field, including those looking at muscle function, strength or performance and using multivariate models considering confounding are needed to better reinforce the models and final findings.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2025

Impact of Muscle Quality on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance Beyond Muscle Mass or Diabetes Status.

BACKGROUND: Muscle quality, represented by myosteatosis, is recognized as an important factor in sarcopenia. In this study, we aimed to determine the associations between myosteatosis, muscle strength and physical performance among the elderly South Korean population. METHODS: We included 1440 participants (mean age 62.7&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;6.2&#x2009;years) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Based on the computed tomography attenuation of mid-thigh imaging, the total muscle area (TMA), normal-attenuation muscle area (NAMA), low-attenuation muscle area (LAMA) and inter-intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and its indices were used to evaluate myosteatosis. Muscle strength was evaluated using hand grip strength, whereas physical performance was evaluated through 4-m gait speed, a 30-s sit-to-stand test and 2-min walking test. RESULTS: Of the 1440 patients, 51.5% were women, and 37.2% had diabetes. With aging, the LAMA index gradually increased, and the NAMA index gradually decreased in both men and women (p for trend <&#x2009;0.001). The NAMA index was positively associated, whereas the LAMA and IMAT indices were negatively associated with muscle strength and physical performance after adjusting for age and sex. Higher tertiles of the NAMA index were consistently associated with improved physical performance across all appendicular skeletal muscle tertiles. The relationship between the NAMA index or LAMA index and muscle strength and physical performance did not differ according to diabetic status. Regular exercise was associated with a higher NAMA index and a lower LAMA index in the non-diabetic group; however, no significant difference in muscle quality was observed in the diabetic group in relation to exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced myosteatosis was positively associated with greater muscle strength and better physical performance in both men and women, regardless of muscle mass or diabetes status; improving myosteatosis may be a therapeutic target for the prevention of sarcopenia.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Effectiveness of Yoga and Combined Exercise in Female With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Although exercise is beneficial for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), the comparative efficacy of different modalities for patients in clinical remission remains unclear. This study compared the short- and long-term effects of yoga versus a combined exercise programme on pain, balance, mobility, fatigue, depression, and quality of life in females with RA in remission. METHODS: In this single-blind, randomized controlled trial, 74 female participants were allocated to yoga (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;25), combined exercise (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;25), or a usual care control group (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;24). The intervention groups underwent an 8-week supervised programme. Clinical assessments, including the Visual Analogue Scale (pain), Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Short Form-36, were conducted at baseline, post-intervention (8&#xa0;weeks), and follow-up (20&#xa0;weeks). RESULTS: Both intervention groups demonstrated significant improvements in all outcome measures compared with the control group at post-treatment and follow-up (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). Notably, the yoga group exhibited superior outcomes compared to the combined exercise group in reducing pain intensity (median reduction of 4.00 vs. 2.00 points; p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001, &#x3b7;2&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.724), as well as in physical function, balance, fatigue, depression, and quality of life at the 20-week follow-up. These benefits may be partly attributed to the incorporation of breathing and relaxation techniques inherent to yoga practice. CONCLUSIONS: Both 8-week yoga and combined exercise programs are effective in managing residual symptoms in females with RA in clinical remission. However, yoga appears to provide superior benefits in pain management and psychosocial well-being, supporting its integration into multidisciplinary RA management protocols, particularly for addressing psychosocial burden in patients achieving remission. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was retrospectively registered at NCT07072754 (clinicaltrials.gov).

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Nutrition, environment and physical performance of preschool children in Italy.

While overt malnutrition is known to interfere with several bodily functions and to cause a deterioration of the level of physical performance, little or no information is available on the effect of marginal nutrition on functional development, particularly at earlier ages. A cross-sectional study of the diet, somatic development and functional response to exercise of 2,241 children, aged 1-6 years, representing contrasting socioeconomic environments, has been carried out. The findings indicate that the upper socioeconomic urban child from Central Italy consumes a better diet and is larger than the underprivileged Southern child. While a greater proportion of the latter group experience a considerable degree of growth retardation, the better efficiency of their heart responses to exercise indicates that the level of nutrition of these children is still good enough to be compatible with a more satisfactory degree of physical fitness. The body fat content and skinfold thickness of the child from the Center have found to be significantly higher than those of the children from the poorer sections of the population, suggesting that at least part of the extra energy available to him for physical activity is being deposited as fat. This raises the question of the desirability of changes in somatic development characteristic of upward social mobility, when accompanied by increased adiposity without a proportional increase in the functional capacity.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Enzyme activities in hepatic venous blood under strenuous physical exercise.

In order to study the influence of physical exercise on liver function, experiments were performed in healthy volunteers subjected to controlled major physical effort. Blood samples obtained by catheterization of hepatic vein during exercise were analyzed for activities of LD (thermostabile and thermolabile isoenzymes), AlAT, SDH, ICD, AP and CPK, and these activities were compared with corresponding values in arterial blood samples taken simultaneously. Hepatic blood flow and oxygen saturation of hepatic venous blood were measured. Physical exercise resulted both in diminished hepatic blood flow and a fall in hepatic venous oxygen saturation. These changes were accompanied by release of liver specific enzymes, indicating that exhausting exercise may induce an "increased hepatocyte membrane permeability" in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A study of former patients placed in private proprietary homes.

The authors report on a study of 1999 residents of 26 private proprietary homes for adults in the metropolitan New York City area; 76 per cent of the residents were former psychiatric inpatients. The former patients were compared with the other residents in areas of physical and psychiatric functioning and social performance; the former patients showed more dysfunction due to psychological problems than the other residents, who tended to be older and suffer from physical problems. The former patients were also categorized into three groups according to whether their needs were considered greater than, less than, or consistent with the level of services provided in the homes; the results suggest that a substantial proportion of former patients may be more appropriately placed in other facilities.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peripheral limiting factors during exercise in chronic lung diseases.

In normal subjects the sensation of general fatigue subjectively limits the physical performance, whereas in patients with reduced respiratory function the sensation of breathlessness is the common limiting symptom. Patients with chronic obstructive lung disease may adopt an intermittent exercise pattern (e.g. when climibing stairs), in which the work periods are brief in duration but relatively high in intensity. The immediate ventilatory demand can in that way be reduced. The local metabolism of the working muscles can meet the increased demand, which demonstrates that peripheral factors are unlikely to limit the physical performance in these patients. For evaluating the importance of peripheral factors limiting the exercise tolerance of daily activities, such as stair-climbing or walking uphill, such activities should specifically be studied considerating also the exercise pattern shown by the patient. Even in bronchitic patients with reduced arterial oxygen tension there are no evidence that the skeletal muscles are working under more anaerobic conditions than in normal persons at the same relative work load. The blood lactate as related to the heart rate usually lies within normal limits. In patients with respiratory failure, however, lack of energy supply from the energy rich compounds may develop. Thus, only in extreme situations can the exercise performance of the respiratory patients be expected to be specifically limited by peripheral factors. Physical inactivity leads to changes in the muscle metabolism as in normal persons with reduced aerobic capacity in the muscles. The specific effects of steroid treatment on the muscle function in patients with chronic obstructive disease have not been studied, but may be an important factor limiting muscular performance at certain types of exercises.

Heart↗
PubMed2026

Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Enhancing Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Outcomes after Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Total knee and hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA) effectively alleviate chronic pain and improve joint function and quality of life. However, postoperative recovery is often hindered by pain, edema, restricted range of motion (ROM), and muscle weakness, necessitating structured physical rehabilitation. Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) has been proposed as an adjunct modality to enhance rehabilitation outcomes. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of PBMT in reducing postoperative pain and edema as well as improving ROM and functional performance compared with placebo or standard physical therapy in post-arthroplasty patients. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar was conducted from inception to May 31, 2025. Only prospective controlled trials assessing PBMT effects on postoperative pain, swelling, ROM, or functional performance following TKA or THA were included. Case reports, uncontrolled studies, and trials focusing on unrelated outcomes were excluded. Article selection involved title, abstract, and full-text screening, with additional studies identified through reference lists. The review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251123169). RESULTS: Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs; n = 133 participants) met the inclusion criteria, three studies focused on TKA, and one study examined THA. PBMT significantly improved postoperative pain and edema reduction in three trials, while two studies demonstrated enhanced ROM and functional outcomes compared with control or placebo interventions. PEDro scores ranged from 8 to 10, indicating moderate-to-high methodological quality. CONCLUSIONS: PBMT shows promising short-term benefits in reducing postoperative pain and swelling and improving functional performance after knee or hip arthroplasty. However, due to heterogeneity in treatment parameters and limited high-quality trials, conclusive evidence remains insufficient. Future large-scale RCTs with standardized PBMT parameters and extended follow-up are warranted to confirm its clinical efficacy.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Effects of "lifelong" physical training on functional aging in men.

Functional aging was examined in a cross-sectional study of 22 habitually trained and 22 sedentary men (aged 34 to 70 and 33 to 68, respectively) by using various physiological, psychophysiological, and anthropometric measurements. Compared to the control group, the trained subjects had significantly higher maximal oxygen uptake, vertical velocity, maximal breathing capacity, percentage of slow twitch muscle fibers, and muscle isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, in addition to lower values in body weight, systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure, patellar reflex time, serum triglycerides, and fast twitch muscle fibers (particularly glycolytic fibers). The results showed that the effects of endurance training are largely limited to functions which are apparently relevant to physical performance. The age regression lines were parallel or as in some of the variables influenced by training, even slightly steeper for the trained versus the untrained group. It is suggested that the aging process itself is not retarded by habitual physical training. Great differences between the two groups in muscle fiber composition and maximal oxygen uptake indicate that endurance-active people are also selected on the basis of inherited structural and functional properties.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Cochlear micromechanics--a mechanism for transforming mechanical to neural tuning within the cochlea.

A linear mathematical model is proposed which will account for the differences observed between mechanically measured data of Rhode (1971) for basilar membrane motion, and the responses of neural tuning curves (Kiang et al., 1974). We show that theoretical tuning curves may be derived from mechanical responses by forming the difference between the pressure across the basilar membrane and its displacement. Some ramifications of this proposal are discussed. We then propose a hypothetical physical model which could perform such a function.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1979

Improved physical performance as a therapeutic objective in patients with angina.

1 Improvement in physical performance, based on exercise tolerance, self-assessed work and physician-rated functional capacities, is proposed as a measure of efficacy of anti-anginal therapy in the rehabilitation of the cardiac patient. 2 Improved physical performance parallels changes in frequency of anginal attacks and a nitroglycerin requirements following beta-blocker therapy. 3 Nadolol (a beta-blocker), given once daily is as effective as propranolol, given four times daily as an anti-anginal agent.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1978

Skeletal muscle fibre types, enzyme activities and physical performance in young males and females.

Differences in skeletal muscle characteristics, metabolic profiles and functional performance between males and females were investigated using young (15--24 yrs) male and female twins as subjects. The comparison included such variables as anthropometry, muscle strength, mechanical power, maximum oxygen uptake, electrical activation of muscle, muscle fibre composition (m. vastus lateralis), and activities of several skeletal muscle enzymes. The results disclosed the following primary differences between males and females: In the various functional tests the performance of females was from 61.1 to 84.6% of that in males; distribution of slow twitch fibres in m. vastus lateralis of the females (49.1 +/- 7.7%) was lower (p less than .05) than that of the males (55.9 +/- 11.9); activities of enzymes Ca2+ stimulated ATPase, CPK, phosphorylase and LDH1a leads to py were higher (p less than .05--0.1) in the males, whereas the distribution pattern of LDH-1 isozyme was higher (p less than .05) in the females. A pronounced difference between the two groups was a almost 100% longer rise time of isometric force in females. It is concluded that the males as compared to the females demonstrate higher aerobic and strength performance capacity, more efficient neuromotoric output during contraction, more slow twitch muscle fibres and more pronounced contractile and glycolytic profiles in the skeletal muscles.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1977

Effects of physical training on end-diastolic volume and myocardial performance of isolated rat hearts.

We studied the performance of ventricular muscle and cardiac function of hearts from rats conditioned by swimming (CH) and from sedentary rats (SH) in an isolated working heart apparatus modified to measure end-diastolic volume by dye dilution. Instantaneous aortic flow, left ventricular (LV) pressure and oxygen consumption were measured. Heart rate and mean aortic pressure were kept constant, and atrial filling pressure was varied from 5 to 20 cm H2O. Heart weights of SH and CH were equal and end-diastolic pressures and volumes were similar at all atrial pressures. However, ejection fraction, calculated circumferential fiber velocity, peak systolic pressure, peak aortic flow, cardiac output, and stroke work were all greater in CH than in SH, and the differences increased as atrial pressure was increased. Maximal negative dP/dt was greater in CH than SH at all preloads (P less than 0.001). Oxygen consumption of CH was increased in proportion to the increase in work. These results indicate that the improved pumping performance of CH is due to a change in ventricular muscle function. Faster relaxation is a prominent effect of physical training on the rat heart and may foster more complete filling at high heart rates.

Animals↗