PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “preterm neonates”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Supplementary intravenous nutrition in term and preterm neonates (author's transl)].

16 term and preterm neonates received intravenous nutriton for at least three days. The dosage was 1--2 g amino acids, 1 g of fat, and 8--10 g glucose per kg body weight and day. Compatibility was investigated by daily determinations of the amino acid pattern in the serum and measurement of free fatty acids and triglycerides. All results were compared to five neonates who were fed completely orally from the first day of life. Leucine, methionine, proline, and valine levels were elevated during intravenous nutrition, but only the high methionine levels were regarded as a nutrional imbalance. Free fatty acids and triglycerides showed no significant differences as compared to the control group.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Echographic ventricular systolic time intervals in normal term and preterm neonates.

Right ventricular and left ventricular systolic time intervals (RVSTIs and LVSTIs) were measured in normal term and preterm infants from 1 hour to 90 days of life. LVSTIs in both term and preterm infants were similar in the first five days of life. The ratio of left pre-ejection period (LPEP) to left ventricular ejection time (LVET) was lower in preterm infants older than age 5 days. Estimated gestational age had no influence on LVSTI. The ratio of right pre-ejection period (RPEP) to right ventricular ejection time (RVET) was lower in preterm infants (0.32) than in term newborns (0.37). The preterm RPEP/RVET ratio decreased with age, but at a slower rate than in term babies. This was consistent with the lower pulmonary vascular resistance present in preterm infants.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed2026

Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Using Video Laryngoscope to Decrease Pain in Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the use of video laryngoscope, when compared to conventional laryngoscope decreases pain (assessed by Faceless Acute Neonatal Pain Scale) in preterm neonates while administering surfactant by LISA. METHODS: Preterm neonates <&#x2009;35 weeks requiring FiO2&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.3 on CPAP pressure of at least 6&#x2009;cm of H2O were administered surfactant by LISA technique either by video laryngoscope (Intervention) or conventional laryngoscope (Control). Faceless Acute Neonatal Pain Scale was used to determine pain 5&#x2009;min before the procedure, immediately, 5&#x2009;min, and 10&#x2009;min after the procedure. The primary outcome was severity of pain; secondary outcomes were time taken to complete the procedure, number of attempts, incidence of IVH, and adverse events during the procedure. RESULTS: In total, 42 neonates of <&#x2009;35 weeks gestation with comparable baseline demographics were randomized into 2 groups. The median (IQR) FANS score immediately post-procedure in the intervention arm was 2 (2-4) versus 2 (1-4) in the control arm, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.79. There was no statistical difference in the secondary outcomes studied. CONCLUSION: The two groups had no difference in the pain score. The pain experienced by neonates during the LISA procedure was moderate and of short duration and it did not depend on the type of laryngoscope used. Moderate pain during the procedure can be managed with nonpharmacological measures; thereby, the use of sedatives or analgesics can be avoided, which might be of concern. There was no difference in the number of attempts or in time taken to complete the procedure when performed by neonatologists experienced in using conventional laryngoscopes compared to video laryngoscopes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2022/09/045204 on 05.09.2022.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

[Antenatal administration of betamethasone. Effects upon neonatal blood glucose in premature infants (author's transl)].

This effect was studied in 23 preterm neonates at the age of 2--8 hours. Betamethasone was administered at a dose of 12 mg intramuscular once or several times before delivery. This glycemia was compared with the glycemia of 52 control preterm infants studied at the same period. In the control preterm neonates, the mean (+/- 1 S.D.) blood glucose level was 0.51 +/- 0.26 g/l versus 0.53 +/- 0.24 g/l in the preterm infants pretreated with betamethasone. The incidence of glycemia less than 0.30 or 0.20 g/l was not significantly different in the two groups. These data show that prenatal betamethasone therapy has no harmful or diserable effect on the neonatal glycemia of preterm infants.

Betamethasone↗
PubMed1979

Neonatal apnea: underlying disorders.

Data from a prospective study of 50,826 neonates were used to determine the frequency and significance of disorders related to apnea in newborns. Such apnea proved to be a significant prognosticator for neonatal death. Fifty-eight percent of preterm neonates with multiple apneic episodes and 18% with a single episode died, whereas only 6% of those without recorded apnea died. The rates were 44%, 5%, and 1% for full-term infants. Amniotic fluid infection was the underlying disorder in 35% of the preterm and 25% of the term neonates who had multiple episodes of apnea. A third of the preterm and 25% of the term infants who had such apneic episodes had antecedent hypoxia-related disorders, i.e., abruptio placentae, erythromblastosis fetalis, placenta previa, large placental infarcts, and umbilical cord compression. Among the apneic neonates, those who were infected were twice as apt to die as were those who had hypoxia-related disorders. Hypoplasia of the lungs and easily recognized central nervous system malformations were responsible for most of the apnea-related deaths associated with congenital malformations.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1977

Gentamicin dosage in preterm and term neonates.

Pre-dose and peak serum levels of gentamicin were measured in 82 neonates (25-42 weeks' gestational age), and for comparison in 10 infants and 9 children. Dosage was 2-2.5 mg/kg twice daily for the neonates, and three times daily for infants and children. Neonates were subdivided according to gestational age and weight. Serum levels of gentamicin were very variable in all groups. Preterm neonates of low gestational age (25-30 weeks) showed a 66% incidence of pre-dose levels exceeding 1 microgram/ml, indicating possible accumulation. In the less premature neonates this incidence was still 20-29%. The level of 4 microgram/ml, the minimum concentration required to inhibit most of the bacteria sensitive to gentamicin, was reached in increasing numbers of neonates as their gestational age rose (from 30% in the 31- to 35-week gestational age group, to 60% at term); those small-for-gestational age had consistently lower levels. It is concluded that term neonates require dosage to be individualized and serum levels of the drug to be monitored.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1979

Antenatal versus neonatal transport to a regional perinatal center: a comparison between matched pairs.

Fifty randomly selected newborn infants of maternal transports admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Long Beach Memorial Hospital in 1976 and 1977 were matched by birth weight, gestational age, and outcome with 50 transported neonates. The factors compared included type of delivery, 5-minute Apgar score, length of hospital stay, distance of transport, admitting diagnosis, need for assisted ventilation, and length of time on assisted ventilation. Only 2 factors were found to be statistically different between the 2 groups. There was an increased cesarean section rate in transport mothers but a lower morbidity among preterm neonates born to maternal transports.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1979

[Complications and survival rate in preterm infants and neonates treated with mechanical ventilation (author's transl)].

Between January 1972 and December 1976 201 preterm infants and neonates were treated with mechanical ventilation. These children were classified into 6 groups according to the indications for mechanical ventilation: P = respiratory failure caused by pulmonary disease; Z-P = respiratory failure caused by cerebral disturbance with simultaneous respiratory disease; Z = respiratory failure caused by cerebral disturbance; C = respiratory failure caused by cardiac disease; SCH = respiratory failure through shock; M = respiratory failure caused by mechanical disturbance; Bronchopulmonary complications developed in 70% of the survivors and in 60% of the fatalities. The most serious bronchopulmonary complications were infections which occured with similar frequency in all indication groups as late-onset complications, and air-leaks which occured as early complications. The latter complication was significantly higher (38%) in the first than in the other groups. The most serious extrapulmonary complications were seizures, intracerebral hemorrhages and septicemia. 71 of the 201 patients survived. There was a significant increase in the survival rate from 21.2% in 1972-1973 to 43% in 1974-1976. The survival rates differed significantly within the indication groups. The best result was found in the p-group followed by the Z-group. The highest mortality rate was found in the SCH and C-group.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Efficacy of caffeine in treatment of apnea in the low-birth-weight infant.

The efficacy of caffeine citrate in the management of apnea in the newborn infant was evaluated. Caffeine citrate was given to 18 preterm neonates with recurrent apneic spells. Mean (+/- SE) birth weight and gestational age were 1,065.0 +/- 71.9 gm and 27.5 +/- 0.6 weeks, respectively. Mean age at onset of apnea and at initiation of caffeine treatment was 6.5 +/- 3.7 days and 18.2 +/- 4.9 days, respectively. Caffeine citrate was administered with a loading dose of 20 mg/kg intravenously followed within two to three days by 5 to 10 mg/kg once or twice daily. All infants except one showed a significant decrease in the frequency of apneic episodes associated with caffeine therapy. Mean frequencies of apneic spells were 13.6 +/- 2.5 and 2.1 +/- 0.6 apnea per day before and after initiation of caffeine treatment, respectively. Respiratory rate was increased, and blood [h]+ion concentration and Pco2 were decreased. The data suggest that caffeine is an effective pharmacologic respirogenic agent in the preterm infant with apnea.

Apnea↗
PubMed1977

Role of feeding on lipase activity in gastric contents.

Lipase activity was recorded in gastric contents collected from healthy term and preterm neonates. In contrast to pancreatic lipase activity this lipase activity was higher at pH 5.5 than at pH 8.0 and it was more resistent to acid inactivation. Lipase activity was found in gastric contents from all infants who were regularly fed, but was not present in gastric contents from some infants when collected before regular feeding was established. During test meals lipase activity in gastric contents increased considerably in all infants studied. During such a test meal there was a progressive relative decrease in triglycerides whilst diglycerides showed a relative increase suggesting an active lipolytic process in the stomach. An assay procedure for determination of lipase activity in gastric contents is also described.

Diglycerides↗
PubMed1975

Ferritin turnover in plasma: an opportunistic use of blood removed during exchange transfusion.

The concentration of plasma ferritin was measured in serial samples of blood removed from six preterm neonates undergoing exchange transfusion for hyperbilirubinemia. The average plasma ferritin concentration in the infants was 218 ng/ml compared with 47 ng/ml in the donors. The mean concentration of ferritin decreased an average of 62 ng/ml during the exchange transfusions. The plasma ferritin half-life was computed to be 2.5 and 5.5 min in the two infants weighing 2,000 and 2,500 g compared with a half-life of 4 min in the rat. In four infants weighing between 1,000 and 1,180 g, the half-life ranged from 9.1 to 34 min. These data support the concept of a rapid plasma ferritin turnover and indicate that ferritin may transport a large amount of iron through the plasma compartment in spite of its low concentration.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1979

[A practicable method of polygraphic investigations in preterm and fullterm neonates (author's transl)].

Polygraphic recording techniques (simultaneous recording of several physiological variables) have been used earlier in investigations of normal newborn and preterm infants. The clinical value of prolonged polygraphic recordings in highrisk neonates is well-known. The main-purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a clinically practicable method of polygraphic recording technique, needing no more than two hours recording-time and its interpretation by means of visual analysis.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1979

[Mode of delivery, postnatal condition and neonatal outcome in preterm infants].

There were under examination 578 preterm infants of two groups--28. up to 31. and 32. up to 36. week of gestation--after birth of vertex as well as breech prevention. Postnatal condition and neonatal outcome were put into relation to the mode of delivery. We compared Apgar-Score (one and five minute value), morbidity on respiratory distress syndrom as well as rate of survival and neonatal mortality in spontaneous delivery with and without episiotomia, with specula delivery, Shute-forceps and vacuum extraction of vertex presentation as well as with breech presentation after vaginal delivery and primary Caesarean section. In respect of the management of the second stage of labour it is our opinion that prophylactic additional measures in preterm delivery of vertex presentation after 32 weeks of gestation are not necessary and that this question should be examined in a larger study of much more cases. But we were able to demonstrate that up to 32. week of gestation well-timed episiotomia of optimal size is necessary. Our good experiences in breech presentation between 31. and 35. week of gestation treated by obligate Caesarean section have to prove true in future.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1976

Contribution of preterm delivery to perinatal mortality.

A detailed retrospective analysis was made of the records of 486 preterm infants, who accounted for 5-1% of all births during 1973 and 1974. Whereas preterm delivery did not contribute to perinatal mortality in terms of stillbirth, it outweighed all other causes in terms of early neonatal deaths. Preterm birth was responsible for 85% of the early neonatal deaths not due to lethal congenital deformities. Early neonatal mortality rates were closely linked both to gestational age and birth weight and to the reason for preterm birth. Early neonatal mortality was high (97 per 1000) when preterm labour was spontaneous, whether or not associated with material or fetal disease or with multiple pregnancy, but low (27 per 1000) when preterm delivery was elective. Preventing spontaneous preterm labour would considerably reduce neonatal mortality in our community.

England↗