Comprehensive view of the creative process in psychopathological art. A panel discussion at the 7th International Congress of Psychopathology of Expression.
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[Questions to television from psychopathology].
Progress is expected in psychopathological diagnosis by using audiovisual procedures. Nowadays, a valid psychopathology concept should be broadly planned and the important method of description as well as understanding procedures should be considered. For such a model of psychopathology it seems appropriate to investigate the different psychopathological phenomenons as expression of a disturbed communication ability. Concerning this outlook, new strategies are to be developed or procedures of other disciplines are to be adapted for the psychopathological research. It seems attractive to anticipate aid from structuralistic and information-theoretical issues for the breaking of yet substancially less good apperceived facts. The interest hereby concentrates upon the relationship between verbal and averbal phenomenons and upon better criteria for an interpretation of the phenomenons as an expression of the subjective experience of the psychiatric patient as well as of his/her communicative competence. In order to use audio-visual techniques successfully, an orientation in specfic, originary particularities of the different methodological assessments is required. The way and extent of such problems can be demonstrated for the study of psychopathological phenomenons by the importance of the camera guide, the selection, the enlargement of a sequence, and the combination of different parts of an interview. The criteria of a field-specific TV-methodology must first be elaborated for the majority of the questioning. The user of audiovisual methods not only has to consider the special needs of the psychic ill, but also has to face critically the seduction ways of this potential medium.
Audiovisual Aids↗
Factorial relationships of measures of perceived level of psychopathology and sociometric choice.
Studied the relationship of diagnosis, age, length of hospitalization, and various measures of perceived level of psychopathology, perceived appropriateness of hospitalization, and sociometric choice among 39 adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Factor analysis revealed two factors, one that was apparently a measure of perceived level of psychopathology and another that was apparently a measure of sociometric choice. Perceptions of an individual's level of psychopathology appear to be shared across staff and patient boundaries. Appropriateness of hospitalization had a strong positive relationship to perceived level of psychopathology and a weak negative relationship to sociometric standing. The relative lack of relationship between sociometric standing and perceived level of psychopathology is discussed in light of past research and methodological design issues.
Adolescent↗
Joint effects of childhood adversity and genetic risk for psychosis on psychopathology in the UK Biobank.
BACKGROUND: The individual effects of genetic factors and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on risk of psychosis, including schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BIP), have been widely acknowledged, but their interaction effects on individual psychopathological symptoms remain unclear. METHODS: Based on data from 163,704 individuals in the UK Biobank, we investigated the joint effects of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) of SCZ and BIP and ACEs on psychopathology. ACEs status and 55 psychopathological symptoms from seven domains were measured retrospectively using an online mental health questionnaire in 2016. Recent genome-wide association studies for SCZ and BIP were combined with genotype data to generate PRSs. Logistic regression analyses were then conducted to explore univariate and joint main effects of PRSs and ACEs on psychopathological symptoms, as well as their additive and multiplicative interaction effects. RESULTS: The interaction mechanisms for PRSs and ACEs varied across symptom domains: additive interactions were observed on the depression (RERIBIP-ACEs = 0.20-0.25), anxiety (RERISCZ-ACEs = 0.20; RERIBIP-ACEs = 0.22-0.26), help-seeking (RERISCZ-ACEs = 0.24; RERIBIP-ACEs = 0.23), and cognition domains (RERISCZ-ACEs = -0.23 to -0.17), whereas multiplicative interactions were only detected on the psychotic (betaSCZ-ACEs = -0.543; betaBIP-ACEs = -0.181), mania (betaBIP-ACEs = -0.195), self-harm or suicide (betaSCZ-ACEs = -0.118), and cognitive domains (betaSCZ-ACEs = -0.204 to -0.157). CONCLUSIONS: The interplay mechanisms for genetic liability to SCZ and BIP and ACEs vary across symptom domains. This study reveals heterogeneity in gene-ACEs interaction mechanisms underlying psychosis and may provide personalized guidance for psychological care after ACEs.
Humans↗
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the late positive potential and internalizing psychopathology.
The present study leveraged the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) framework to conduct a systematic meta-analysis to determine the association between the late positive potential (LPP) index of emotional reactivity and internalizing psychopathology. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Articles were identified through PubMed, APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science online platforms in May 2025. Included articles examined associations between the LPP to positive and/or negative stimuli and internalizing psychopathology. Risk of bias and publication bias were assessed. Results were examined for individual disorders, distress and fear subfactors, and the internalizing spectrum using two approaches: standard analyses that examined aggregate effects and hierarchical analyses that examined direct and indirect relationships. We conducted moderator analyses for sample, task design, LPP quantification, and psychopathology measurement. We included 63 studies across 5,360 participants (Mage = 19.65, SD = 11.1; 58.7% female). In standard meta-analyses, depression was associated with a smaller LPP to positive stimuli (r = -.06, 95% confidence interval [CI; -.12, -.003]). Specific phobia was associated with a larger LPP to negative stimuli (r = .21, 95% CI [.02, .37]). Distress was associated with a smaller LPP to both positive (r = -.12) and negative (r = -.11) stimuli when measured via clinical interview, and fear was associated with a larger LPP to negative stimuli (r = .10, 95% CI [.03, .16]). Hierarchical analyses indicated that the depression results were specific to the disorder, whereas the fear disorder-level results were due to the higher order fear subfactor. The LPP demonstrates discriminant relationships with distress and fear disorders and subfactors. Results were largely robust against methodological factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
Humans↗
An exploratory study of the interaction between personality and psychopathology.
Presented an exploratory study that focused on the relationship between personality and psychopathology. A sample of 389 male veterans was evaluation and diagnostically categorized into four mental illness categories and one nonmental illness group. Each S was tested with the MMPI and the Differential Personality Questionnaire. Several analyses were performed to test two of Zubin's (1967) hypotheses about possible interactions between personality and psychopathology. Results are seen as suggestive that personality is neither independent nor interactive with psychopathology.
Adult↗
Relationship of level of functioning to self-reported and rated psychopathology.
Performed a principal components analysis on the intercorrelations among the nine same-named scales of the Symptom Check List-90R (SCL-90R) and the Symptom Check List-90 Analogue (Analogue) for 118 female and 62 male outpatients admitted to a community mental health center. The SCL-90R scales constituted one component that reflected self-reported psychopathology, whereas the Analogue scales revealed two components that represented rated psychotic and nonpsychotic aspects of psychopathology. When the three latter components, age, race, sex, marital status, educational attainment, and employment status were correlated with Philadelphia's Adult Level of Functioning Scale (LOF scale), only the two clinically rated components and educational attainment were related significantly to level of functioning. The findings were discussed as supporting use of both self-report and clinical measures for evaluating psychopathology.
Adolescent↗
[Correlation between psychopathologic and pathopsychologic aspects of thought disorders].
The paper is concerned with the evidence on correlations of psychopathological and pathopsychological aspects of disturbed thinking, obtained on the basis of clinico-psychopathological and pathopsychological examinations of schizophrenic patients. Four traits of correlations between pathology of thinking with psychopathological structures are discussed. The paper contains some explanations with respect to the reasons for relatively intact thinking in experimental psychological testing. The results of the studies do not confirm absolute obligatory disturbances of thinking for all forms of schizophrenia.
Affect↗
Acute phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication: psychopathology and prognosis.
In 15 patients hospitalized with phencyclidine (PCP) psychosis, several measures of psychopathology were examined in relationship to urine PCP levels, duration of hospitalization and mode of intoxication. Duration of hospitalization was found to be significantly shorter for smokers than for ingesters of PCP. Impaired ability to estimate 30 seconds duration was found to correlate significantly with a higher urine PCP level and a longer hospitalization. No other measure of psychopathology was found to correlate with either duration of hospitalization or urine PCP levels, now were other measures of psychopathology found to distinguish these patients from patients with acute functional mental illness.
Adult↗
[Psychopathology of schizophrenias].
Introducing representation of some aspects of the idea of Schizophrenia. Reference to the fact, that the description of acute status makes use of psychopathological marks belonging to another level of description than those being used to indicate chronical states. Doubt on the possibility to talk about a psychopathology including all types of Schizophrenia. Instead of describing different syndromes appearing during the course we are noting the change of mental attitude of psychiatrist being confronted with Schizophrenia.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
[Semantics of psychopathological statements. I. Tetraglossia and affective function of the language].
The semantics of clinical statements in psychopathology will be studied in two parts. Here, the affective function and the vernacular element are analysed in the light of their relationship to the other aspects of the language, i.e. the vehicular, referential and mythical aspects. This tetraglossy is in the context of two neuroses whose outbreak involves linguistic phenomena. The symptoms and utterances form semiotic statements linked up by the perlocutory acts of the utterance which in the psychopathological process closely associate vehicular function and affects in a field of belief consistent with their clinical expression.
Adult↗
[Introduction to a structural psychopathology].
Structural psychopathology maintains that the psychiatrist finds himself in a situation similar to that of the literary critic. The objects of their critical analysis are marked by a high degree of linguistic complexity, reflecting social as well as personal interrelationships. The structural method which developed in the course of this century is thus applicable to psychopathological relationships, if careful attention is paid to their unigueness. The structural method is illustrated by a schizopasic text. Those typical stylistic and rhetorical structures which lead to the impression of schizophasia are isolated. The structural method can also be used to examine the pathogenesis of an illness or to extrapolate information from medical histories. Finally, through the analysis of the book "Mary Barnes, two accounts of a journey through madness" it can be shown how the structural method can illuminate critical problems of a literary science which are disguised as psychiatric ones.
Adult↗
MMPI assessment of psychopathology in the adopted-away offspring of schizophrenics.
Previous studies completed in Denmark show a higher frequency of schizophrenia-related psychopathology in the adopted offspring of schizophrenics than in matched controls. This study adds a psychometric dimension to the earlier reports with an analysis of psychopathology in the adopted offspring of schizophrenics based on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). A combination of MMPI criteria and interview-based diagnosis identifies 22% of the index cases and 6% of the control cases (P less than .01) as having a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. The findings support a genetic hypothesis, but the use of the MMPI does not fully clarify some issues raised in the earlier reports.
Adult↗
Extreme MMPI scores and the Research Diagnostic Criteria. Screening college men for psychopathology.
This study compares psychiatric evaluations made with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory (MMPI) to evaluations with a standard clinical interview and the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). The purpose was to generate a nonhospitalized, previously undiagnosed sample of persons who had psychiatric difficulties or symptoms. Of 385 college male volunteers, 56 with scores at least 3 SD above the mean on at least one MMPI scale were chosen as an index group, and 27, with all MMPI scores within normal limits, as a control group. In the index group, 82% met the RDC for at least one diagnosis, whereas only 22% of the control sample met the RDC for any diagnosis. One index subject met the RDC for schizophrenia; 15 met the RDC for a major affective disorder. Some correspondence between specific MMPI profile code types and RDC diagnoses was evident. Thus, researchers can identify a range of psychopathology meeting the RDC by using MMPI screening in a nonhospital setting. Such a research sample, free from the possible artifacts of hospitalization, drug treatment, and diagnostic labeling, can be useful particularly in testing hypotheses concerning the biological correlates of psychopathology.
Adolescent↗
The Brief Outpatient Psychopathology Scale (BOPS).
The pertinence of a rating scale capable of characterizing presenting psychopathology and measuring degrees of change for psychoneurotic patients treated in an outpatient setting is described. Data for 328 patients who represent 1191 rating profiles were used to develop the factor structure for the New Physician's Rating List, a rating scale completed by health professionals after Patient interviews. Findings were used to develop the new Brief Outpatient Psychopathology Scale. A proposed factor structure is discussed. The structures of both scales include an Anxiety Syndrome composed of Anxiety and Psychomotor Activation Factors. The scales also include Depression and Somatization factors.
Ambulatory Care↗
Reliability and validity studies of the comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS).
1. The most important properties of a rating instrument aimed at detecting possible changes in psychopathology are as follows: a) communicability to not yet experienced raters; b) satisfactory levels of reliability and validity; and c) sensitivity to changes. Since its construction some years ago these properties of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) have been investigated in several sessions, both experimental, and in the course of clinical drug trials. 2. Raters with a different training background (physicians, psychologists, social workers, nurses), and a different level of experience in ratings have participated in the sessions. 3. In all instances the CPRS has proved to be highly reliable and highly sensitive. It appeared to be easily communicable, also in its international versions, and its content seems to fit very well with different cultural contexts. Information about its validity has been inferred from the studies mentioned above, and, also from correlations with other well known rating instruments.
Humans↗
The relationship between impaired selective attention and severity of psychopathology in acute psychiatric patients.
Thirty acute psychiatric patients were administered a battery of selective attention and cognitive ability measures to determine whether there is a differential deficit in filtering capacity with increasing degrees of psychopathology. Susceptibility to intrusions in the early stages of auditory selective attention was positively related to degree of disturbance, but no more so than were other cognitive disabilities. Slowness of information processing, rather than impaired selective attention, bore the strongest relationship to severity of disturbance and appeared to be the best index of general cognitive inefficiency. It was concluded that the defective filter theories of schizophrenic deficit hold little promise for explaining how psychopathology affects cognitive functioning across a continuum of levels of disturbance.
Acute Disease↗
[Use of neuroleptics for the treatment of chronic alcoholism (psychopathology of the attraction to alcohol)].
A psychopathological analysis of alcoholic drives in patients with alcoholism demonstrates that along with well-known negative symptoms of an alcoholic mental defect there is a productive psychopathological symptom in the clinical picture as well. Having this view, the author in 148 cases of alcoholism applied etoperasine (trilafon), and neuleptil (propericiasin)--neuroleptical drugs, possessing antipsychotic properties and relatively not toxic. As a result there was a distinct and rapid inhibition of pathological drives to alcohol with a good tolerance to the preparations. The use of these drugs activates the role of the patient in the process of treatment, increases the effectiveness of psychotherapy, and is technically simple in use. They may be prescribed for the prevention of relapses, arrest of bouts when other methods are ineffective.
Alcoholism↗