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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

The overlooked conservation values of saline lakes.

Saline lakes are hypersensitive to changes in their water balance and therefore show amplified responses to climatic and land-use changes in their catchment. Despite often dramatic ecological impacts, saline lakes rank low on policy agendas as they are assumed to support few ecosystem services and low levels of biodiversity. Here, we challenge this view and evaluate ecosystem services and threatened species in 85 saline lakes distributed across the globe. We show that saline lakes support, additionally to threatened aquatic biota, a diverse range of red-listed terrestrial species that contribute together with a large beta diversity to their conservation value. Further, our results highlight that saline lakes provide a number of culturally and economically important ecosystem services but several of them are 'hidden' and difficult to quantify. We conclude our analysis with best-practice recommendations for sustainable management of saline lakes. Their local adaptation and implementation will be key for safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services of these valuable and highly sensitive ecosystems.

Lakes↗

PubMed2025

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Vermilion Snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens).

Vermilion Snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens, Lutjanidae) inhabits deep waters (20-300 m) from North America to Brazil and supports significant commercial and recreational fisheries. Despite its economic importance, the understanding of its basic biology remains limited. Classified as Vulnerable on the Red List due to overfishing, populations have declined by over 30% in recent generations. We assembled and annotated the first chromosome-scale genome of this species by combining PacBio long reads, Illumina short reads, and Hi-C data. The resulting assembly is 987.5 Mbp, with a scaffold N50 size of 41.3 Mbp, and includes 135 contigs clustered and ordered onto 24 chromosomes with 34,496 predicted genes. The high-quality assembly and annotation contained about 98% complete and single-copy BUSCO genes. It is the most complete, chromosome-level genome assembly of an Atlantic snapper to date. The genome assembly and supporting data are valuable tools for ecological and comparative genomics studies of snappers and other valuable commercial species within the family.

Chromosomes↗

PubMed2026

Genomic erosion in the assessment of species' extinction risk and recovery potential.

Many species are undergoing rapid population declines and environmental deterioration, leading to genomic erosion. Here we define genomic erosion as the loss of genetic diversity, accumulation of deleterious mutations, maladaptation, and introgression, all of which can undermine individual fitness and long-term population viability. Critically, this process continues even after demographic recovery due to a time-lagged impact of genetic drift, which is known as drift debt. Current conservation assessments, such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, focus on short-term extinction risk and do not capture the long-term consequences of genomic erosion. Likewise, the longer-term assessments of the International Union for Conservation of Nature Green Status may overestimate population recovery by failing to account for the enduring effects of genomic erosion. As genome sequencing becomes increasingly accessible, there is a growing opportunity to quantify genomic erosion and integrate it into conservation planning. Here, we use genomic simulations to illustrate how different genomic metrics are sensitive to the drift debt. We test how ancestral effective population size (Ne) and bottleneck history influence the tempo and severity of genomic erosion. Furthermore, we demonstrate how these dynamics shape genetic load and additive genetic variation, which are key indicators of long-term evolutionary potential. Finally, we present a proof-of-concept for a Genomic Green Status framework that aligns genomic metrics with conservation impact assessments, laying the foundation for genomics-informed strategies to support species recovery.

Extinction, Biological↗

PubMed2025

Large future genetic diversity losses are predicted even with habitat protection.

Genetic diversity within species is the basis for evolutionary adaptive capacity and has recently been included as a target for protection in the United Nations' Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). However, we lack large-scale mathematical frameworks to quantify how much genetic diversity has already been lost, let alone to predict future losses under 21st century conservation scenarios. To fill this gap, we developed an area-based spatio-temporal predictive framework of genetic diversity calibrated with population-scale genomic data of 29 plant and animal species. To estimate present genetic diversity loss with our framework, we used species' habitat area and population sizes losses reported in the Living Planet Index, the Red List, and new GBF indicators across 13,808 species for the last 5 decades. Applying our evolutionary framework across these species, we estimate genetic diversity loss lags behind population and habitat area declines, with an estimated current 13-22% π genetic diversity loss. However, we forecast future genetic diversity losses will reach 41-76% even if populations are not further contracted. These results highlight that safeguarding existing habitats is insufficient to maintain the genetic health of species and relying solely on continuous genetic monitoring underestimates lagging long term impacts.

Genetic diversity↗

PubMed2025

Persistent Genomic Erosion in Whooping Cranes Despite Demographic Recovery.

Integrating in-situ (wild) and ex-situ (captive) conservation efforts can mitigate genetic diversity loss and help prevent extinction of endangered wild populations. The whooping crane (Grus americana) experienced severe population declines in the 18th century, culminating in a collapse to ~20 individuals by 1944. Legal protections and conservation actions have since increased the census population from a stock of 16 individuals to approximately 840 individuals, yet the impact on genomic diversity remains unclear. We analysed the temporal dynamics of genomic erosion by sequencing a high-quality reference genome, and re-sequencing 16 historical (years 1867-1893) and 37 modern (2007-2020) genomes, including wild individuals and four generations of captive-bred individuals. Genomic demographic reconstructions reveal a steady decline, accelerating over the past 300 years with the European settlement of North America. Temporal genomic analyses show that despite demographic recovery, the species has lost 70% of its historical genetic diversity and has increased its inbreeding. Although the modern population bottleneck reduced the ancestral genetic load, modern populations possess more realised load than masked load, possibly resulting in a chronic loss of fitness. Integrating pedigree and genomic data, we underscore the role of breeding management in reducing recent inbreeding. Yet ongoing heterozygosity loss, load accumulation, and persistent effects of historical inbreeding (i.e., background inbreeding) argue against the species' downlisting from its current Endangered status on the IUCN Red List and the Endangered Species Act. The presence of private genetic variation in wild and captive populations suggests that wild-captive crosses could enhance genetic diversity and reduce the realised load. Our findings emphasise the role of genomics in informing conservation management and policy.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Beauty bias in butterfly research and conservation.

Conservation biases have been documented since the first emergence of the concept of biodiversity in the 1980s,1,2,3 showing a systematic disproportion in the allocation of research and conservation efforts among taxa.4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 One factor underlying this disproportion, gaining prominence in recent literature, is species' perceived beauty, shaped by human visual preferences.12,13,14,15,16,17 Here, we integrate a large-scale survey of the perceived beauty of European butterflies yielding >21,000 survey completions from >100 countries into a time-explicit network linking species' beauty, public attention, research and conservation efforts, and the EU regulatory framework. We found that species beauty is consistently associated with public attention, research, and conservation efforts in a temporally structured pattern compatible with a cumulative beauty bias. Research effort and public attention concentrate on widespread and visually attractive species, whereas species included in the legal conservation framework, particularly the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (hereafter, Bern Convention, BC, 1979)18 and the EU Habitats Directive (hereafter, HD, 1992)19 are disproportionately represented by visually appealing and historically protected taxa. Because these frameworks guide funding and management actions, early associations between species beauty and BC/HD inclusion have contributed to long-lasting institutional patterns in butterfly research and conservation. By contrast, European IUCN Red Lists20,21 do not overrepresent beautiful species and identify more inconspicuous taxa as threatened. This mismatch reveals a tension between scientific assessments of extinction risk and historically embedded conservation priorities. Our findings suggest that recognizing beauty bias is vital for aligning conservation with actual ecological urgency. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Some physiological aspects of genetic variation in the blood of sheep.

The principal genetic variants in sheep red cells and plasma are listed. Current hypotheses as to how the L blood group antigen affects active potassium transport across the red cell membrane are summarized. Recent work on an inherited defect in amino acid transport which results in a red cell GSH deficiency is also described.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1978

[Groupamatic 360 C1 and automated blood donor processing in a transfusion center].

Automation of donor management flow path is controlled by: --a 3 slip "port a punch" card, --the groupamatic unit with a result sorted out on punch paper tape, --the management computer off line connected to groupamatic. Data tracking at blood collection time is made by punching a card with the donor card used as a master card. Groupamatic performs: --a standard blood grouping with one run for registered donors and two runs for new donors, --a phenotyping with two runs, --a screening of irregular antibodies. Themanagement computer checks the correlation between the data of the two runs or the data of a single run and that of previous file. It updates the data resident in the central file and prints out: --the controls of the different blood group for the red cell panel, --The listing of error messages, --The listing of emergency call up, --The listing of collected blood units when arrived at the blood center, with quantitative and qualitative information such as: number of blood, units collected, donor addresses, etc., --Statistics, --Donor cards, --Diplomas.

Autoanalysis↗

PubMed1978

[Automated data processing system at the National Center for Blood Transfusion].

1) Data processing of blood unit test result on Groupamatic with manual labelling listings:--according to unit numbers;--according to blood results. 2) Blood donor file (updating):--114 473 donors;--150 characters/standard donors;--250 characters/precious donors. 3) Automatic print-out of:--call-ups;--donor data cards;--national blood donor cards:--diplomas;--red cards of badges;--particular listings of blood donors for medical checking, calling up, selecting units with special characteristics;--general listings. 4) Automatic labelling of blood units, by reading the unit identification number, and by printing out the corresponding labels.

Autoanalysis↗

PubMed1977

Cell-mediated immunity in silicosis.

Selected parameters of cell-mediated immunity were determined in a group of 16 patients with silicosis. The results were compared with those of a control group of 13 subjects without silica exposure. There were no group differences in the mean number of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests to a battery of recall antigens (purified protein derivative, candida, streptokinase-streptodornase, and trichophyton) or in the mean number of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and the antigens listed, and the percentage of lymphocytes that formed sheep red blood cell rosettes (t cells) and complement rosettes (B cells) were also similar in both groups; however, the silica-exposed group demonstrated depressed lymphocyte stimulation in response to low concentrations of concanavalin A.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

A genome-wide approach for the discovery of novel repeat expansion disorders in the Undiagnosed Diseases Network cohort.

PURPOSE: The Undiagnosed Diseases Network is a National Institutes of Health funded research study that aims to solve a broad clinical spectrum of challenging rare disease cases. Participants receive care from multiple clinical specialists, who collaborate to perform deep phenotyping and state-of-the-art multiomics analyses. As bioinformatics of short-read sequencing has matured, the discovery of repeat expansion disorders (REDs) is accelerating. REDs comprise approximately 60 characterized disorders, which exhibit a broad spectrum of phenotypes. Thus, a largely unbiased genome-wide approach in a phenotypically diverse sample will add to the diagnostic depth, explore the limits of short-read genome analysis, and establish novel candidate RED loci. METHODS: Here, we present a genome-wide analysis of repeat expansions conducted on 1018 genomes from the Undiagnosed Diseases Network. By leveraging 2 distinct bioinformatics tools, ExpansionHunter Denovo and STRling, we showed that repeat expansions can be accurately detected in short-read genomes. RESULTS: We demonstrated that a genotype-first approach can diagnose atypical cases of known REDs and provide valuable clinical insights. We present clinical details on participants with expansions in ATXN7, DMPK, FMR1, GLS, HTT, RFC1, AFF3, and MARCH6. Importantly, we highlight 2 cases of juvenile Huntington disease that were discovered through our analysis. Finally, we present a list of novel candidate short tandem repeats (TR) that could potentially be pathogenic if expanded. CONCLUSION: Importantly, our approach showcases the bioinformatic advancements in genome analysis for RED detection and highlights its practical applications.

Humans↗

PubMed1976

Phosphotungstic acid-iron-haematoxylin staining method for osteoid, boundary bone and bone components in paraffin sections.

A new staining technique which stains osteoid and bone tissue differentially and also demonstrates boundary bone, pathological osteoid and the changes in ageing, pathological and dead bone matrix in decalcified paraffin or low-viscosity-nitrocellulose bone sections was developed. This phosphotungstic acid-iron-haematoxylin (PTAIH) method is based on pretreating the sections with phosphotungstic acid followed by an iron alum mordant and staining in haematoxylin with subsequent timed differentiation, at certain stages of which the features listed above appear. Van Gieson's picrofuchsin is then used as a counterstain. After standard differentiation osteoid appears red in sharp contrast with the black bone, young and woven bone, old and lamellar bone, and allows one to demonstrate changes in stainability of diseased osteoid and bone matrix, and dead bone. With the differentiation done individually and interrupted at certain stages it is possible to distinguish between various bone components depending on the amount and quality of their in vivo mineralisation. Comparison with controls showed that in this respect the method is more sensitive than the curremt staining techniques of undecalcified bone sections since it demonstrates not only unmineralised and fully mineralised tissues but also shows the poorly calcified, demineralised and ill-calcified bone components. The advantages of the method compared with those using undecalcified sections are its simplicity, suitability for fixed and decalcified material in any unspecialised histological laboratory and the fact that osteoid and other bone components can be studied in sections of unlimited size and in undisturbed relationship to their surrounding soft tissues.

Aging↗

PubMed1992

Human liver protein map: a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison.

This publication establishes a reference human liver protein map obtained with immobilized pH gradients. By microsequencing, 57 spots or 42 polypeptide chains were identified. By protein map comparison and matching (liver, red blood cell and plasma sample maps), 8 additional proteins were identified. The new polypeptides and previously known proteins are listed in a table and/or labeled on the protein map, thus providing a human liver two-dimensional gel database. This reference map can be used to identify protein spots on other samples such as rectal cancer biopsies.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1976

Normal haematological parameters of pigs in Papua New Guinea.

The normal haematological parameters of pure Native and Crossbred Native pigs under intensive management are listed. The values for both groups are within the wide range of normal values for conventional breeds under intensive management. The "normal" haematological values 5-month and 11-month Village pigs are also listed. Compared with the corresponding age group of both pure Native and Crossbred Native pigs, the Village pigs had significantly lower haemoglobin, red blood cell counts and haematocrit values. The cause of the lower values in Village pigs is thought to be due to the malnutrition-parasite complex of Village pigs. The significantly higher leucocyte count of Village pigs is thought to be due to chronic pneumonia and parasitism of the Village pigs.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A computerized donor processing system for a regional blood collection center.

The initial phase of a computerized on-line donor processing system was developed and demonstrated at the American National Red Cross, Washington Regional Donor Center and at bloodmobile operations. It was used for entry of donor registration information and for screening donors early in the donation procedure against a list of deferred donors. This demonstration took place with the computerized donor processing system running in parallel with the present manual operations. Since volunteer staff usually assist in the operation of most blood collection facilities, it was necessary to demonstrate that nontechnical personnel could operate the computerized system.

Blood Banks↗

PubMed1978

Protist classification and the kingdoms of organisms.

Traditional classification imposed a division into plant-like and animal-like forms on the unicellular eukaryotes, or protists; in a current view the protists are a diverse assemblage of plant-, animal- and fungus-like groups. Classification of these into phyla is difficult because of their relatively simple structure and limited geological record, but study of ultrastructure and other characteristics is providing new insight on protist classification. Possible classifications are discussed, and a summary classification of the living world into kingdoms (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae) and phyla is suggested. This classification also suggests groupings of phyla into superphyla and form-superphyla, and a broadened kingdom Protista (including green algae, oomycotes and slime molds but excluding red and brown algae). The classification thus seeks to offer a compromise between the protist and protoctist kingdoms of Whittaker and Margulis and to combine a full listing of phyla with grouping of these for synoptic treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Demonstration and characterization of a serum factor produced by activated T cells.

Spleen rosette forming cells (RFC) from adult thymectomized mice have a low sensitivity to inhibition by anitheta serum (AOS) and azathioprine (AZ) in comparison with normal spleen or thymus RFC. Thymus extracts and normal mouse serum (but not spleen extracts or thymectomized mouse serum) correct this abnormality after a 30 min in vitro incubation with spleen cells. We report here the existence of a serum factor produced in allogeneic reactions with the same activity on rosettes as thymic factor (TF). This 'allogeneic' factor (AF) is detectable in mice undergoing a graft versus host reaction (GVHR), rejecting skin allografts or allogeneic cells or responding to thymus-dependent antigens such as heterologous red blood cells or BSA. The T-cell origin of AF is indicated by AF presence in nude mice submitted to the same allogeneic stimuli as listed above and in normal mice injected with PVP or LPS. AF is distinct from the thymic factor as shown by differences in electric charge. Moreover, in contrast with TF there is no specific high molecular weight inhibitor of AF. Preliminary biochemical studies indicate that AF is probably a peptide of low molecular weight (greater than 5000 daltons). Its target cell is probably a T-cell precursor.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Systematic examination of the red eye.

The major causes of 'Red Eye' are discussed and the importance of accuracy of diagnosis to recognise and treat potentially sight affecting conditions stressed. Referral when necessary is important, and the article ends with a working list of reasons for referral.

Acute Disease↗