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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Resident research in obstetrics and gynecology: development of a program with comparison to a national survey of residency programs.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this report is to describe our recently established resident research program and to compare this program with those of other obstetrics and gynecology residency training programs in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: The components of our program are described. Data for comparison from other programs were obtained from questionnaires, phone follow-up and the Directory of Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Programs of the Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology. RESULTS: We initiated a residency research program in 1987 with acceptable projects defined, a time for completion of manuscripts established, and a Resident Research Day organized with presentation of articles, critique by a guest speaker, and an awards banquet. Nationally, less than 60% of residency programs have research requirements. Of the 208 programs responding to the written questionnaire 86% of programs associated with a university required research compared with 10% of community-based residency programs. CONCLUSION: While more than a third of residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology do not have resident research programs, the trend is for programs to establish research as a required portion of training. An outline of a recently established program is provided.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1992

Changes in residents' attitudes in response to residency program modifications: a prospective study.

Interventions to modify stress during residency training have rarely been formally analyzed for effectiveness. Using a 33-item, closed-ended questionnaire based on factors previously reported to cause residency stress, we studied how program modifications affected the attitudes of residents in a university-affiliated community internal medicine residency training program. Training program modifications, targeting specific questions, were prospectively introduced, and questionnaire responses were compared from year to year and by resident year of training. Between 1988 and 1989, the noon conferences and ward rotations were modified. Between 1989 and 1990, a "night float" was introduced. Residents' responses varied little by year of training, but the mean responses to seven of the fourteen "targeted" questions showed significant changes over time. In particular, the introduction of a night float resulted in markedly improved attitudes regarding time demands. This study demonstrates that residents' attitudes can be objectively measured, and that residents accurately perceive and respond to program modifications. Efforts should be made to standardize, validate, and develop attitudinal scales from such questionnaires to aid in the assessment of the numerous changes in residency programs currently being considered or implemented nationwide.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1978

Resident education in primary care: how residents learn.

The process of resident education in an internal medicine practice was examined through interviews with 14 residents, who discussed their educational experience while caring for 10 patients. These retrospective evaluations provided insights about how the residents learned when caring for their patients. The study results suggest that resident education in this setting depends upon feedback provided through residents' use of educational resources or through their participation in elements of patient care. These essential elements of resident education were identified: treating and following patients, having cases reviewed by consultants and supervisors, encountering and recognizing diseases, and reading about problems. The study results provide a conceptual model of resident education upon which to base future research projects that should focus on patient selection and organizational aspects of the residents' practice.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1992

Faculty expectations and primary care residents' perceptions concerning residents' growth in competence at one medical school.

The authors studied at one school both the developing confidence of primary care residents and the expectations of both internal medicine and specialty faculty members regarding the abilities of the residents. From 1980 to 1988, residents in the study institution's program in internal medicine primary care completed self-assessments concerning their diagnostic and management skills in primary care and several specialties at the start of their training and at the ends of their first, second, and third years. In 1988, the authors elicited the expectations of the primary care and specialty faculties regarding the levels of competence that residents should achieve in the specialties by the end of their third year. When the faculty assessments were compared, the specialists were found to ascribe greater levels of autonomy to residents. The authors conclude that involving residents and faculty members from various disciplines in developing expectations and evaluation criteria can enhance faculty members' perceptions of residents' clinical competence and residents' achievement of it.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Family medicine residency directors' perceptions of the position of chief resident.

This report describes a survey that explored the selection, training, duties, skills, and evaluation of chief residents as perceived by the program directors of the 381 family medicine residencies in the United States in 1989. A response rate of 79% (300 programs) was achieved. In 70% of the programs the chief resident received no formal training, and in 41% no formal evaluation. The program directors believed the most important duties and skills of a chief resident were acting as a liaison and advocate for residents, scheduling, and leadership. The directors thought that the most exciting aspects of being a chief resident included the development of leadership skills and the ability to influence curriculum; the aspects that caused the most concern included time pressures and demands that detract from clinical learning. The authors suggest that more attention should be directed to the nurturing and development of chief residents, who are the future leaders in academic medicine.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Primary care residency programme evaluation: an analysis of three resident cohorts.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a longitudinal evaluation of a university primary care (PC) medical residency programme and use the results to plan for future curriculum development. Overall performance and the ambulatory medical care of three consecutive resident cohorts training from 1982 to 1987 was assessed by attending physicians. PC residents' performance in ambulatory continuity practice was also compared to that of traditional residents' performance in 1985-86. The scoring profile of primary care attendings was compared to that of other attendings. Residents received lowest scores in diagnostic evaluation, leadership and administration. Their best evaluations were in medical care, personal attributes and communication. Two of the three primary care cohorts received lower medical care scores in ambulatory continuity practice compared to other rotations, but had higher overall scores in ambulatory continuity practice than did traditional residents in 1985-86. Primary care attendings gave lower scores to primary care residents than did other faculty.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1992

Residents' use of humanistic skills and content of resident discussions in a support group.

In a 1983 position paper, the American Board of Internal Medicine stressed the importance of teaching humanistic skills to residents; however, how to teach or measure these skills is not well defined. In this study, the content of discussion (personal and professional problems) and processing of four humanistic skills (empathy, level of regard, unconditionality, and congruence) by Bowman Gray School of Medicine first year general medicine residents was observed. Fourteen videotapes of support group meetings from 1986 to 1988 were reviewed for humanistic relationship behaviors using the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory and for the types of personal and professional problems discussed using a content inventory. Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory scores for empathy and regard paralleled increases in the number of professional problems raised at midyear, a time of maximum stress for residents. Congruence scores became flat after an initial peak while unconditionality scores remained low. Interventions designed to improve residents' use of humanistic skills could take into account residents' need for support and education, as well as the natural flow of humanistic behaviors within residency programs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of faculty and resident expectations for residency training in hypertension.

Faculty and residents in family medicine rated the degree of importance for a resident to have mastered each of 123 performance objectives by the end of residency training. The performance objectives, developed at the national level, describe the diagnosis, treatment, and management of clinic patients with hypertension. While faculty members' ratings of the objectives were in moderate agreement, the ratings of the residents by level of training were in low agreement. A comparison of faculty and resident ratings resulted in very low agreement. An analysis of the type and nature of the performance objectives and topic areas where disagreement occurred was also conducted. The results indicate that while disagreement was widespread, no pattern for the disagreement was evident. Implications for the use of performance objectives developed outside a local residency program are discussed.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1975

Developing a psychiatric residency program: two residents view their participation.

For two residents in a new community-based psychiatric residency, the program was a valuable educational experience whose main virtues were the real-world-oriented training and the resident-designed curriculum. The residents believe those virtues are the result of differences of opinion within and between the four groups involved: the faculty, with divergent educational goals; the staff, transferred from a traditional training ward in a state hospital; the community, with its varying priorities for services; and the residents themselves. The paper, which focuses on the program's first year, is published in conjunction with the preceding description of the program by two faculty members.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1977

Faculty evaluation by residents in a family medicine residency program.

Accountability in graduate medical education is dependent on the willingness of the residents and faculty to make their expectations and commitments explicit and to be held reponsible for fulfilling their commitments. In an effort to encourage accountability, residents in the University of Oklahoma Family Practice Residency Program evaluated the effectiveness of faculty members as learning facilitators. Several dimensions of the learning facilitator role were examined at a resident retreat and the results of the initial evaluations were discussed individually with each faculty member. A subsequent evaluation was conducted one year later, and a comparison of the results of the two evaluations suggests that such efforts can serve to stimulate modification of selected behaviors and thereby improve the quality of teaching in family practice residencies.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1975

Resident participation in residency programs.

Residents need to participate more fully in decisions involving their educational process and their learning/work setting. In the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Miami School of Medicine, residents are involved in designing their curriculum, monitoring their work/learning settings, selecting their peers, and evaluating their peers and faculty. This style of residency program has significant implications not only for patient care but also for future physicians, medical departments, and medical associations.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1978

Psychiatry residents in a milieu participatory democracy: a resident's view.

Psychiatry residents respond with a variety of coping mechanisms to the lack of traditional structure in a milieu participatory democracy. To incorporate themselves into the system they must accept such democratic ideals as equality among staff and patients, group decision making, and free self-expression and give up some of their traditional ideas about staff and patient roles, treatment modalities, and the therapeutic environment. The author was a first-year resident in psychiatry on a university hospital inpatient therapeutic community; he discusses the conflicts between residents, who often adopt a "we-they" attitude, and the permanent staff, whose protectiveness of the ward community reflects their personal commitment to its ideals.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Mortality differentials between three populations--residents of Scandinavia, Scandinavian immigrants to Canada and Canadian-born residents of Canada, 1979-1985.

The study compares the mortality of Canadian residents born in Canada and Scandinavia (Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark) to the mortality of the four Scandinavian countries. The study focuses on the mortality experience of anyone who was 35-74 years old during the period 1979-85. Swedish and Norwegian populations both in Scandinavia as well as immigrants to Canada had relatively low mortality from all causes of death. On the other hand, populations in Finland and Denmark had comparatively higher mortality from certain causes of death. Finnish excess mortality from cardiovascular diseases and from external causes of death was present in Finnish living in Scandinavia as well as in Finnish immigrants to Canada. This contrasted with the excess mortality from non-cardiovascular disease in the population of Denmark which was not reflected in the mortality of Danish immigrants to Canada. Finally, the cardiovascular mortality of all Scandinavian-born immigrants to Canada was found to be lower than in their respective countries of origin. The article includes a discussion of possible explanations for these results.

Adult↗