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PubMed2026

How, When, and for Whom Does Daily Weight Bias Internalization Undermine Body Image Satisfaction? A Daily Diary Study of Perceived Weight, Exercise Duration, and Gender Differences Among Adolescents.

Although body image satisfaction is increasingly recognized as a dynamic experience that fluctuates across daily contexts, little is known about how weight bias internalization shapes these fluctuations or the cognitive mechanisms and contextual factors involved. The present study examined whether perceived weight mediates the association between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction, whether exercise duration moderates this association, and whether these effects differ by gender. Daily diary data were collected over 10 consecutive days from 305 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.59 years, SD = 0.63 years; 49.2% girls). Multilevel analyses revealed that, at both within- and between-person levels, higher weight bias internalization was associated with lower body image satisfaction. Perceived weight significantly mediated the association between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction at both levels. Additionally, exploratory analyses using dynamic structural equation modeling further indicated that perceived weight mediated the relationship between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction at the between-person level, but not at the within-person level. Furthermore, exercise duration moderated the association between perceived weight and body image satisfaction among female adolescents but not among male adolescents. Specifically, the negative association between perceived weight and body image satisfaction was stronger on days when girls engaged in more exercise than usual and among girls with higher average exercise duration. In addition, exercise duration moderated the indirect association between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction through perceived weight at both within- and between-person levels among girls. These findings highlight the dynamic cognitive processes linking weight bias internalization to body image satisfaction, and the importance of considering gender and daily exercise context in understanding adolescents' body image experiences.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Evaluating Patient Satisfaction and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14): A Multicenter Crossover Study Comparing Selective Pressure Impression Conventional Dentures with Mucostatic Digital Dentures.

PURPOSE: To compare patient satisfaction and oral health impact between individuals receiving complete dentures made by digital methods and those using conventional techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized crossover clinical trial, 23 patients aged 40 years and older with completely edentulous arches were enrolled at three treatment centers. Each participant received two sets of complete dentures: one set created using conventional methods (selective pressure impression) and the other through digital techniques (mucostatic digital impression). The order of denture placement was randomized, with each set used for 4 weeks. A trained specialist administered treatments alongside research tools, including a general information questionnaire, a denture satisfaction survey, and the OHIP-14 interview tool. Statistical analysis was conducted using Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Participants with digital dentures reported significantly higher satisfaction regarding treatment duration, comfort, confidence, chewing ability, esthetics, and overall satisfaction compared to those with conventional dentures. There were no significant differences in satisfaction concerning speech and pronunciation. Overall, the oral health impact on quality of life was similar between denture types, but participants indicated improved quality of life while using dentures compared to being edentulous. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with digital dentures exhibited greater satisfaction across various domains compared to those with conventional dentures, despite similar satisfaction levels in speech and pronunciation. The impact on quality of life was comparable between both types, as measured by the OHIP-14.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Mealtime satisfaction in public nursing homes: Associations with sensory, foodservice, and dining-room environment factors.

Satisfaction with meals is commonly used to assess how meals are experienced in nursing homes (NH), although limited evidence compares breakfast, lunch, and dinner within a unified analytical framework. This study examined the sensory and contextual factors associated with satisfaction across meals in public NH. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using structured interviews with 290 residents aged &#x2265;60 years (median 85 years; Q1-Q3: 81-88; 63.1% women) from 19 facilities in Galicia, Spain. Overall satisfaction and 12 factors related to sensory attributes of the food, foodservice characteristics, and dining-room environment were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive analyses used medians and quartiles, and group comparisons were performed using nonparametric tests. Three multivariable linear regression models, one per meal, were estimated including all factors simultaneously. In adjusted models, the largest standardized coefficients were observed for taste (lunch: &#x3b2;&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.366; P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001), food temperature at serving (dinner: &#x3b2;&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.319; P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001), and menu variety (breakfast: &#x3b2;&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.301; P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001). Taste, food temperature at serving, menu variety, and meal schedule showed statistically significant coefficients in all models. Overall satisfaction was lower at dinner (29.0%&#xa0;&#x2265;&#xa0;4) than at breakfast (34.8%) and lunch (34.5%) (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.003). Selected dining-room environment factors showed significant coefficients in meal-specific models. Mealtime satisfaction was mainly associated with sensory and contextual factors related to how meals are perceived. Lower satisfaction at dinner suggests this mealtime as a relevant context for understanding variations in meal perception in NH residents.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Determinants of Meal Satisfaction and Their Association With Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review.

Meal satisfaction is considered a multidimensional concept that includes sensory enjoyment, cognitive, emotional, and physiological components and relates to contentment with the meal experience as a whole. However, its relevance to eating behavior and body weight remains unclear, especially in children. The present review investigated the potential relationship between meal satisfaction-related constructs and childhood obesity, and whether this relation is shaped by individual factors and the external environment. Seventeen eligible studies from 350 records published between 2008 and 2024 were included. No study directly assessed meal satisfaction; instead, proxy measures were used. Food enjoyment emerged as the proxy most consistently associated with BMI, often clustering with higher food responsiveness, lower satiety responsiveness, and emotional overeating. Parental feeding practices, especially pressure to eat, significantly contributed to variation in children's eating behavior and were associated with lower food enjoyment. Overall, meal satisfaction could be a key aspect to consider in childhood obesity prevention programs. However, to date, the available evidence is heterogeneous and predominantly observational. Future longitudinal and intervention studies are needed, alongside child-appropriate instruments to objectively quantify food satisfaction in children. Research that helps understand the role of contextual eating factors on children's meal satisfaction and eating behavior is also warranted.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Satisfaction with clinical practice environments among early-career health professionals in South Africa: Findings from the WiSDOM cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The work or practice environments of health professionals play a central role in their retention in the healthcare system and their ability to provide quality patient care. The aim of the study was to examine and compare the satisfaction of early-career health professionals in the WiSDOM (Wits longitudinal Study to Determine the Operation of the labour Market among its health professional graduates) study with their clinical practice environments (CPEs) in South Africa, and the factors influencing their satisfaction. METHODS: WiSDOM, a prospective longitudinal cohort study, consists of eight health professions: clinical associates, dentists, doctors, nurses, occupational therapists, oral hygienists, pharmacists, and physiotherapists. Every year we collect information on the cohort's involvement in direct patient care, their perceived workload, availability of medicines and equipment for patients in their care, and their satisfaction with the clinical practice environment (CPE).We used Stata&#xae;19 for analysis. We used panel linear regression to investigate factors associated with the cohort's satisfaction with their clinical practice environments from 2018 to 2024, and logistic regression to evaluate the association between CPE and intention to leave in 2024. RESULTS: In 2024, the mean age of the cohort was 30.9 (&#xb1; 2.0), the majority were female (74.4%) and working in urban areas (92.7%). In 2024, 59.7% of the overall cohort reported a heavy workload compared to 69.2% in 2018. Over the follow-up period, reported problems with the availability of medicines or equipment were worse in the public sector and in rural areas, compared to the private sector and urban areas respectively.The cohort's satisfaction score with the CPE was 6.7 out of 10 in 2018 and 6.9 in 2024. The predictors of CPE were year of follow-up, health profession, employment sector, and geographic location. Nurses (&#x3b2;=-1.2; 95% CI -1.7, -0.7; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), and pharmacists (&#x3b2;=-0.7; 95% CI -1.1, -0.4; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) scored their CPE significantly lower compared to the other professional groups. Health professionals in the public sector (&#x3b2;=-1.1; 95% CI -1.3, -0.9; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) and in rural areas (&#x3b2;=-0.6; 95% CI -0.9, -0.3; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) were less satisfied with their CPE compared to those in the private sector and urban areas respectively. Dissatisfaction with the CPE was significantly associated with intention to leave the workplace and the profession. CONCLUSION: The study findings underscore the need for positive clinical practice environments for early-career health professionals in South Africa both as a health workforce and patient safety imperative.

South Africa↗
PubMed2026

Effect of Music on Pain, Anxiety, and Satisfaction During Intrauterine Device Application: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the effect of music played during intrauterine device (IUD) insertion on perceived pain, state anxiety, and satisfaction levels. The study was conducted with 70 women who applied to a maternal and child health and family planning center and were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups using simple randomization. Data were collected using a Demographic Information Form, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I), and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), as well as Bluetooth speakers and the musical piece Evgeny Grinko-Valse. Participants in the intervention group listened to music before and during the IUD insertion procedure, whereas the control group received routine care only. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 with appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Women in the music group had significantly lower perceived pain (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) and state anxiety levels during the procedure (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.022), and significantly higher satisfaction levels compared with the control group (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). In addition, post-procedure state anxiety levels were positively correlated with pain intensity experienced during and after the procedure (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.542 and r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.496, respectively; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), and negatively correlated with procedural satisfaction (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.652; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). These findings suggest that listening to music during IUD insertion may help reduce pain and anxiety while potentially enhancing patient satisfaction. Trial Registration: NCT06215183.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Preoperative Carbohydrate Supplementation Reduces Thirst and Improves Patient Satisfaction Before Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Prolonged preoperative fasting is a major source of patient discomfort, particularly thirst, before elective cesarean delivery. This study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation could alleviate these discomforts and improve patient satisfaction without compromising safety. METHODS: In this single-center randomized controlled trial, 262 women scheduled for elective cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia were randomly allocated to either the CHO group (Group CHO, n = 131), which received 355 mL of an oral carbohydrate solution on the night before and the morning of surgery, or the control group (Group C, n = 131), which followed conventional fasting. The primary outcome was the thirst Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0-10) score measured immediately before surgery. Secondary outcomes included hunger NRS, satisfaction NRS, and maternal and neonatal safety parameters. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Despite a longer preoperative fasting duration in Group CHO (9.25 &#xb1; 1.05 vs. 8.74 &#xb1; 0.97 h, P < 0.001), this group exhibited significantly lower thirst NRS scores (1.69 &#xb1; 0.90 vs. 4.02 &#xb1; 0.99, P < 0.001) and hunger NRS scores (1.25 &#xb1; 0.94 vs. 2.09 &#xb1; 0.82, P < 0.001), as well as higher satisfaction NRS scores (7.70 &#xb1; 0.69 vs. 5.69 &#xb1; 1.17, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses confirmed consistent benefits of CHO supplementation across most patient characteristics. Further analyses suggested that the maximum effect on thirst reduction occurred at approximately 9.2 h of solid fasting; however, the interaction between fasting duration and treatment group was not statistically significant (P = 0.187). CONCLUSION: Preoperative carbohydrate supplementation effectively reduces thirst and hunger and improves patient satisfaction before elective cesarean delivery without increasing maternal or neonatal risk. The beneficial effects were consistent across varying fasting durations, with exploratory spline analyses suggested a potential peak effect around 9.2 h, though this was not statistically significant and should be interpreted cautiously. These findings support the incorporation of carbohydrate loading into enhanced recovery protocols. TRIAL REGISTRATION: China Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2500097956.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Personality and job satisfaction of medical technologists.

The personality characteristics and job satisfaction patterns of a volunteer group of practicing medical technologists were measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Job Description Index. Data analysis was based on three groups of female subjects: clinical practitioners, educators, and administrators. There was little primary impact of personality upon job satisfaction, although definite patterns of personality are identifiable in the three groups. Implications for counseling students and placing practitioners in satisfying jobs were suggested, and additional studies to be conducted were identified.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2026

Comparison of short-term clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction between intraoral scanning and conventional impressions for complete-arch implant prostheses: a pilot RCT.

OBJECTIVE: To compare framework passive fit, subjective evaluations, and short-term clinical outcomes between conventional impressions (CI) and intraoral scanning (IOS) for complete-arch implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (CIFDPs). METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 22 patients were allocated to the CI or IOS groups. All participants received a definitive one-piece CIFDP. The primary outcome was framework passive fit, assessed using the Vision and Tactile Score (V&T score), which included framework lift-off, the single-screw test, the full-screw test, smoothness of screw insertion, and radiographic gap assessment. Secondary outcomes included operator evaluation, patient satisfaction using a visual analog scale (VAS), early implant survival, marginal bone loss (MBL), modified Plaque Index (mPII), and complications at the 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients were enrolled (CI: n = 11; IOS: n = 11), and one patient in the CI group was lost to follow-up. No statistically significant difference in the V&T score was observed between the CI and IOS groups (4.66 &#xb1; 0.17 vs. 4.65 &#xb1; 0.28; P = 0.93). The operator reported greater nervousness during the CI procedure than during IOS (21.82 &#xb1; 15.69 vs. 8.64 &#xb1; 7.47; P < 0.05). Patients in the CI group reported significantly greater discomfort, including nausea and anxiety, than those in the IOS group (P < 0.05). At the 6-month follow-up, the early implant survival rate was 100% in both groups. No significant differences were found between the groups in MBL (0.09 &#xb1; 0.09 vs. 0.06 &#xb1; 0.10 mm; P = 0.43) or mPII (0.10 &#xb1; 0.12 vs. 0.10 &#xb1; 0.28; P = 0.99). CONCLUSION: IOS and CI achieved comparable short-term clinical outcomes in patients who met the predefined inclusion criteria, including controlled implant number, spacing, and angulation. IOS provided a more favorable experience for both operators and patients. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In complete-arch implant restorations, intraoral scanning may provide clinical outcomes comparable to those of conventional impressions while improving patient comfort.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Feasibility, Satisfaction, and Preliminary Efficacy Trial of text4FATHER for Engaging Expectant Fathers in Infant Care from Pregnancy to Early Infancy.

Engaging fathers perinatally improves infant outcomes and parent well-being, yet few strategies share evidence with fathers. We explored the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of text4FATHER-a texting intervention designed to improve fathers' infant care beliefs, self-efficacy, behaviors, and partner support from mid-pregnancy to 2&#xa0;months post-birth. In this exploratory pilot randomized controlled trial, 97 adult expectant fathers with less than a college degree were randomized to receive text4FATHER or not. Self-reported outcomes by fathers and mothers were assessed at baseline (mid-pregnancy) and 2&#xa0;months post-birth. We analyzed intent-to-treat effects using random coefficient regression models. We found recruiting expectant fathers feasible; of eligible father-mother dyads, 123/163 consented (recruitment feasibility&#x2009;=&#x2009;68%). All intervention fathers (100%) reported being satisfied with text4FATHER; 100% of mothers of intervention fathers also reported satisfaction with the father getting texts. First-time fathers' antenatal attachment beliefs and coparenting support were higher in text4FATHER condition vs. control from baseline to 7-month follow-up; increases in first-time fathers' confidence in fathering and infant care were also observed-the latter finding was corroborated by partners of first-time fathers. text4FATHER is a promising intervention, particularly for first-time expectant fathers with lower educational levels who have no natural clinical or public health touchpoints. Its efficacy and effectiveness should be confirmed using larger and more diverse samples.

Confidence↗
PubMed2025

Preoperative Patient Education on Opioid Use and Pain After Surgery: A Randomized Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of preoperative analgesic education on postoperative opioid consumption, pain scores, and patient satisfaction with analgesia. BACKGROUND: Effective postoperative pain management is crucial for patient recovery and satisfaction, yet opioid use poses risks of tolerance and addiction. Preoperative patient education offers a potential avenue to mitigate opioid reliance and improve pain management outcomes. METHODS: This single-center randomized trial was conducted at the Cleveland Clinic Main Campus between October 2021 and October 2023. Adult patients scheduled for hip arthroplasty or laparoscopic-assisted abdominal surgery with an ASA physical status of 1 to 4 were eligible. Patients with a history of prolonged opioid use, planned regional block or epidural analgesia, or limited English fluency were excluded. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either an analgesic educational video or a generic video about surgery and hospitalization. The primary outcome was opioid consumption during the initial 72 postoperative hours. Secondary outcomes included time-weighted average pain scores and patient satisfaction with analgesia. RESULTS: Among 957 analyzed patients, preoperative analgesic education did not significantly reduce opioid consumption (adjusted ratio of geometric means, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.86-1.18; P =0.890) or improve pain scores (adjusted mean difference, -0.1; 95% CI, -0.3 to 0.2; P =0.617). Patient satisfaction scores also did not differ significantly between groups (adjusted mean difference, -0.1; 95% CI, -0.3 to 0.2; P = 0.611). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative analgesic education did not result in clinically meaningful reductions in opioid consumption or improvements in pain management outcomes. Further research may explore more intensive educational interventions to optimize postoperative pain management strategies.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Digital healthcare solutions in preoperative care: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Active participation in preoperative anesthesia preparation is crucial to ensure safe and efficient care. Compliance with preoperative instructions improves clinical outcomes, enhances patient satisfaction and optimizes use of healthcare resources. As digital communication becomes increasingly integrated into healthcare, interactive digital tools such as smartphone applications and Short Message Service (SMS) reminders may offer a valuable means of engaging patients in their own care. In this review, we evaluated the role of digital tools in guiding patients during their preoperative care pathway for anesthesia. METHODS: Following registration (CRD420250655119), we conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating the use of smartphone applications or SMS reminders designed to support preoperative preparation for anesthesia or procedural sedation in adult patients undergoing elective procedures. The primary outcome was compliance with preoperative instructions. Secondary outcomes included rate of late cancellations, patient satisfaction and cost-effectiveness. Studies were eligible if they reported at least one of these outcomes. RESULTS: Ten studies (1 RCT and 9 observational studies), including 11501 participants, were identified. Compliance with preoperative instructions was assessed in 8 studies, most of which reported higher compliance in patients receiving digital interventions across multiple instruction domains, although statistical significance was not consistently observed. Evidence suggested a beneficial effect on reducing late cancellations and improving patient satisfaction. However, results varied across study designs, and data on cost-effectiveness were limited. CONCLUSIONS: Digital tools for preoperative anesthesia guidance were associated with higher compliance and showed potential reduction of late cancellations and increase of patient satisfaction. However, the current evidence is predominantly observational and heterogeneous, limiting the strength of conclusions. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: With healthcare systems under pressure, digital technologies may offer a scalable and patient-centered care solution to support preoperative anesthesia preparation. Nonetheless, further high-quality research is needed to evaluate their long-term clinical, economic and equity implications.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Efficacy and safety of rib-guided percutaneous thoracic sympathetic radiofrequency thermocoagulation at two different targets for primary palmar hyperhidrosis: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of computed tomography-guided percutaneous thoracic sympathetic radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) targeting the upper versus lateral margin of the fourth rib head for severe primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH). METHODS: Patients with severe PPH were randomly divided into Group U (upper margin target) and Group L (lateral margin target). Outcome measures included 1-year recurrence rate, Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), palm skin temperature, finger perfusion index (PI), compensatory hyperhidrosis and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: Both groups (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;55 each, 110 sides) successfully underwent RFT. No preprocedural PI differences were found (p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05). Immediately post-RFT, PI in Group L was significantly higher than in Group U (left p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.025, right p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.013). No significant differences in HDSS grades were observed between groups before and at 1&#x2009;day, 2&#x2009;weeks, 1&#x2009;month and 3&#x2009;months post-procedure. However, at 6 and 12&#x2009;months, Group L showed significantly lower HDSS grades (left p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.033 and 0.016; right p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.039 and 0.025) and lower DLQI scores (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.037 and 0.024) than Group U. Patient satisfaction did not differ within 6&#x2009;months, but Group L had significantly higher satisfaction at 12&#x2009;months (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.036). CONCLUSIONS: Targeting the lateral margin of the fourth rib head for RFT achieved greater efficacy, better quality of life and higher patient satisfaction compared to the upper margin target.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

[Continuity of life situation and "successful" aging (author's transl)].

The determinants of "successful" aging have been a main concern in social gerontological research. The Continuity Hypothesis suggests that there is a relationship between an older person's life satisfaction and the similarity of his social life situation in middle adulthood and in old age. The old person is the more likely to score low in life satisfaction the less similar his old age situation to his life situation in middle adulthood. This hypothesis has been tested in summer 1973 in Cologne with a sample of 406 people aged 65 and over. Findings indicate that continuity of life situation may be an important variable accounting for life satisfaction in old age. Moreover, it could be shown that the various negatively experienced life changes since adulthoood formed a complex of interacting variables, thereby increasing the negative effect on the old person's life satisfaction. Health proved to be one of the most important variables. The continuity hypothesis as stated here represents a modified version of activity theory.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2026

Ten-Year Update of Nurse Practitioner Service Impact on Patient and Health Service Outcomes in Emergency Care Settings-A Systematic Review.

AIMS: To provide a 10-year update on the best available evidence evaluating the impact of nurse practitioner services on cost, waiting times, patient satisfaction, representation rates, and length of stay in emergency and urgent care settings. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: The search was completed on January 28, 2025, in Embase (Elsevier), Medline (EBSCOhost), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane Library (Wiley), Emcare (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate) and Scopus (Elsevier). The data range (2014-2024) was used to limit the search. METHODS: The search was conducted with results imported into Covidence. In Covidence, two reviewers conducted screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal of articles, and findings were analysed using a narrative synthesis approach. Eligible studies examined nurse practitioner services in emergency or urgent care settings, reporting outcomes of cost, waiting times, patient satisfaction, representation rates, and length of stay. RESULTS: Title and abstract screening were performed on 2329 records. Of these, 236 full-text articles were reviewed, and 17 underwent critical appraisal and data extraction. Narrative analysis of outcome measures yielded mixed results, with both favourable and unfavourable findings reported regarding nurse practitioner services. CONCLUSIONS: Global evaluation of nurse practitioner services in emergency care remains inconsistent. Nevertheless, emerging evidence supports their positive impact, particularly in improving patient outcomes. To effectively inform policy, workforce planning and clinical integration, there is a need for professional benchmarks that provide clear frameworks for the evaluation of patient-centred outcomes and operational impacts in emergency departments. IMPLICATIONS: Evidence related to nurse practitioner services in emergency and urgent care clinics highlights the positive impact of nurse practitioner services on patient wait times and satisfaction; however, there is limited and variable evidence of impact on health care costs and outcomes. IMPACT: This paper recommends that evaluating emergency nurse practitioner services requires homogeneous research using consistent professional benchmarks and evaluation frameworks. REPORTING METHOD: This systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct, or reporting. TRAIL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO 2025 CRD420250645148.

Humans↗