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The teaching social worker in family medicine: a prototype for the hospital social worker?

The need for physicians to receive training in interpersonal skills as well as in preventive medicine to aid them in recognizing and addressing the psychosocial aspects of illness and to facilitate the delivery of more comprehensive care to patients, has been addressed in the Department of Family Medicine and several other specialties. In January, 1978 the author surveyed social work members of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine to determine their activities and responsibilities and to identify the experiences which have proven most helpful as a preparation for their positions on medical school faculties. Results of the survey are reviewed in light of possible implications for the future hospital social worker as a medical educator.

Adult

The role of the certified social worker in England's social services.

With the reorganization of England's social services into a single unified system, the professional called the certified qualified social worker is playing a key role in the administration and delivery of community services. The author describes some of the worker's activities and also presents an overview of hospital, day treatment, and outpatient services for adult psychiatric patients in the county of Warwickshire. One of the most effective programs is a system of voluntary group homes, operated by an area council of churches, for former psychiatric inpatients.

Aftercare

Concerns and challenges facing social workers in family practice.

Twenty-five social work members of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine responded to a survey in which they identified their chief concerns and challenges encountered in family practice. Of nine areas of concern to social workers in interdisciplinary practice identified from the literature, respondents viewed as most important the achievement of acceptance and regard among other disciplines for the social worker and the value of his/her contribution to family practice. This was followed closely by the associated challenges of developing interdisciplinary relationships and fostering an accurate understanding of the role functions of the social worker in family practice. To confront these and other concerns, careful attention to three major needs suggested by the survey results is advocated: (1) the need for social workers to maintain high standards of performance in family practice, (2) the need for family physicians and other health care personnel to understand the role functions of the social worker and examine their attitudes toward collaboration with social workers, and (3) the need for regular and constructive dialogue between all personnel in family practice.

Comprehensive Health Care

The role of social workers in medical education: a historical perspective.

Although the number of social workers participating in medical education is increasing, there is a need to review and evaluate their roles in such educational activities. Information is needed about how social workers participate in medical education in order to plan how to make a more effective contribution. This article describes how the role of social workers in medical education evolved, and gives examples of what social workers have done in the past and are doing today.

Education, Medical

Social workers and their clients: a comparison between primary health care and local authority setting.

A social work attachment scheme to several general practitioners was established. Data from the first 300 referrals to the scheme were compared with data from a previous study of referrals to the ;intake' teams of the social services department of the same London borough. In addition, data about the activities of the social workers in the ;attachment' were collected, and the work was found to be predominantly short-term.The populations referred to social workers in both settings were found to be similar in age and sex. Although general practitioners in the area referred only a few clients to social services departments, the clients in both groups were generally in poor health.The psychiatric morbidity of those referred to the attached social workers was significantly higher, however, than those referred to the intake team (p < 0.01), and their problems were also more likely to need psychological help rather than practical measures. These differences were considered to be due mostly to the different types of referral agencies operating in the two settings and to their perceptions of the social worker's role.THE FINDINGS SUPPORT THE ARGUMENT FOR CLOSER LIAISON BETWEEN MEDICAL AND SOCIAL SERVICES IN THE COMMUNITY: the attachment of social workers to general practices proved to be particularly valuable in the management and treatment of patients with emotional and mental illness.

Humans

A comparison of social workers and psychiatrists in evaluating parasuicide.

Sixty parasuicide patients admitted to medical wards were assessed by social workers prior to routine psychiatric assessment. Both disciplines completed a rating schedule. The social workers' and psychiatrists' rating schedule responses were compared, and their decisions were examined against further information obtained by a research psychiatrist, which included standardized mental state assessment. Overall the results show that social workers can safely and reliably assess these patients, but they are more cautious. A management approach involving social workers assessors of parasuicide patients is discussed.

Humans

The status of graduate-level social workers teaching in medical schools.

At present, relatively little national data are available concerning the involvement of social workers in medical education. This article presents the results of a study conducted recently to obtain a comprehensive, up-to-date profile of graduate-level social workers teaching in medical schools and to survey the opinions of medical school deans regarding their present and future status. Continuing research in this area is essential if we are to acquire a greater understanding of the contribution social workers make to contemporary medical education. Only then will we be better equipped to assess social work's potentials for the future and take those steps necessary to bring them to fruition.

Attitude

Potential partners: attitudes of family practice residents toward collaboration with social workers in their future practices.

The study examines attitudes of family practice residents toward social work collaboration in their practices. Residents valued social work services highly, and almost three-fourths want a social worker in practice with them. Residents valued the broad range of services offered by social workers, and over half could see no disadvantages to such collaboration.

Attitude of Health Personnel

Psychiatric social workers in the emergency department.

The authors report on a unique program that uses psychiatric social workers as the primary mental health care-givers in the emergency department of a general hospital. Their article demonstrates that the social worker is uniquely well equipped to respond to the psychiatric and social problems of emergency department patients.

Attitude of Health Personnel

Quality assurance in dialysis: the role of the social worker.

With the need for accountability in the delivery of End-Stage Renal disease services, social workers are beginning to establish standards defining the quality and effectiveness of their practice as members of a multidisciplinary treatment team. This paper delineates minimum ways for mandated social service to be delivered and made accountable. It also explores the role of the social worker as a member of the Network Coordinating Council and Medical Review Board. Some implications for social work involvement in larger policy issues resulting from the ESRD legislation are suggested.

Delivery of Health Care

[Continuing education for social workers in the field of gerontology (author's transl)].

This article reports on a first attempt to integrate advanced training programs for social workers in the field of psycho-social gerontology into university curricula. The report concentrates on experience and problems to transmit and translate gerontological research results for the use of practitioners. Especially effective proved the integration of social workers as "experts-in-practice" into open-curricular-learning and their participation in application oriented research.

Adult

Community Mental Health--new approaches for rural areas using psychiatric social workers.

In 1970, a private medical group practice serving a large rural area introduced pyschiatric social workers in an integrated clinic to provide accessible mental health services to all economic levels in the community. Public acceptance confirmed the demand. The rapidity with which other community mental health needs were subsequently recognized in the area, service instituted, and community funds and manpower mobilized to develop new community programs documents the rising awareness of health care needs in traditionally conservative rural areas. The acceptance by community members and physicians of psychiatric social workers as members of the health care team suggests the desirability of the group practice clinic for the introduction of nonphysician mental health care professionals. The unique position of the medical group practice for innovation in community health care delivery in outlying areas is evident.

Attitude of Health Personnel

The establishment of social worker participation in rural primary health care.

This paper analyses four attempts to establish programs involving social worker participation in rural primary health care agencies. Successful programs are likely to be those in which the host physicians have been involved in program design and have specifically invited participation by social workers. The successful solicitation of such invitations will require the development of multilevel advocacy programs and effective communication strategies.

Alabama

An assessment of accountability areas by psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers.

Sixty-nine psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers rated the usefulness of fifteen studies representing seven broad areas of accountability. Although respondents differed in experience, training, and position in the hospital hierarchy, their ratings were highly similar. Results suggest that, in the hospital under study, members of the three professions respond as members of a single profession--clinician.

Attitude of Health Personnel

Early detection and treatment: social worker and pediatricians in private practice.

A social worker in the private group practice of pediatricians provides multiple and varied services to children and families. Findings from the first six months of a demonstration project suggest that service is rapidly provided and is utilized by referred patients. Professional issues of practice and education are identified and discussed.

Adult

The extent of mental and physical ill-health of clients referred to social workers in a local authority department and a general attachment scheme.

Information regarding the physical and mental health of clients referred to social workers in a local authority intake team and to a general practice attachment scheme was collected over a 3-month period. Although returns to the Department of Health and Social Security during this period indicated that a very low proportion of clients were physically or mentally ill, it is clear that these figures greatly underestimate the extent of illness present. While social workers operating outside hospital and general practice attachments have been shown to have little contact with medical staff, in this study high proportions of their clients were ill and their social problems were often associated with their illness.

Adult

Innovative roles for social workers in home-care programs.

Home care has become recognized as an effective means of preventing or postponing costly institutionalization. In order to provide more comprehensive programs, home health agencies will require the services of professionally trained social workers. The author describes several roles for social workers trained in clinical services, administration, and planning.

Aged

Prospects for social workers in health planning.

The nature and extent of social worker's involvement in regional health planning agencies was the subject of the nationwide study reproted here. Social work proved to be more heavily represented on the professional staffs of these agencies than any other discipline. This was just one of the findings that can help shape the profession's response to the possibilities this new field represents.

Administrative Personnel