Gas chromatographic analysis of tebuthiuron and its metabolites in grass, sugarcane, and sugarcane by-products.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Chromatography, Gas↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “sugarcane”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Metagenome-based diversity and functional analysis of culturable microbes in sugarcane.
UNLABELLED: Sugarcane is a key crop for sugar and energy production, and understanding the diversity of its associated microbes is crucial for optimizing its growth and health. However, there is a lack of thorough investigation and use of microbial resources in sugarcane. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of culturable microbes and their functional features in different tissues and rhizosphere soil of four diverse sugarcane species using metagenomics techniques. The results revealed significant microbial diversity in sugarcane's tissues and rhizosphere soil, including several important biomarker bacterial taxa identified, which are reported to engage in several processes that support plant growth, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and the production of plant hormones. The Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) studies identified unique microbial communities in different parts of the same sugarcane species, particularly Burkholderia, which exhibited significant variations across the sugarcane species. Microbial analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) indicated that genes related to sucrose metabolism were mostly present in specific bacterial taxa, including Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Paraburkholderia, and Chryseobacterium. This study improves understanding of the diversities and functions of endophytes and rhizosphere soil microbes in sugarcane. Moreover, the approaches and findings of this study provide valuable insights for microbiome research and the use of comparable technologies in other agricultural fields. IMPORTANCE: This work utilized metagenomics techniques for conducting a comprehensive examination of culturable microbes and their functional characteristics in various tissues and rhizosphere soil of four distinct sugarcane species. This study enhances comprehension of the diversity and functions of endophytes and rhizosphere soil microbes in sugarcane. Furthermore, the methodologies and discoveries of this work offer new perspectives for microbiome investigation and the use of similar technologies in other agricultural fields.
Saccharum↗
Over expression of modified Isomaltulose Synthase Gene II (ImSyGII) under single and double promoters drive unprecedented sugar contents in sugarcane.
Sugarcane has been grown all around the world to meet sugar demands for industrial sector. The current sugar recovery percentage in sugarcane cultivars is dismally low which demands scientific efforts for improvements. Multiple approaches were adopted to enhance sugar contents in commercial sugarcane plants in contrast to conventional plant breeding methods. The exploitation of biotechnological methods and exploration of isomaltulose synthetic genes presented a promising solution to increase the existing low level of sugar recovery percentage in Saccharum officinarum L. Isomaltulose synthase gene II was employed and integrated into plant expression vector driven under the leaf and stem specific promoters terminated by nopaline synthase gene in a cloning strategy shown in the present study. Three gene constructs were developed in various combinations driven under promoters Zea mays ubiquitin and Cestrum Yellow Leaf Curl virus in the single and double combined stacked system. The transformation was executed in multiple formats with single transformed events, double promoter transformation events and triple construct stacked promoters in sugarcane induced calli via the particle gene gun. The transformation of ImSyGII in sugarcane genotype HSF-240 was confirmed by molecular gene analysis while expression quantification was determined through Real Time PCR. Furthermore, HPLC was also done to harvest the increased amounts of Isomaltulose in transgenic sugarcane juice. The present work upheld the enhanced ImSyGII expression in leaves owing to the exploitation of ubiquitin, while the Cestrum Yellow Leaf Curl virus promoter enhanced gene expression in sugarcane stems. The employment of three gene constructs collectively produced elite sugar lines producing more than 78% enhancements in whole sugar recovery percentage. The mature internode proved highly efficient and receptive regarding the production of isomaltulose. Quantifications and sugar contents evaluations upheld an increased Brix ratio of transgenic sugarcane lines than control lines.
Saccharum↗
Genomic and functional characterization of sugar transporters reveals potential roles in sugar accumulation in a modern sugarcane cultivar.
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a globally important sugar crop whose productivity depends on efficient sugar transport from source to sink organs. However, systematic identification and functional characterization of sugar transporters (STs) in sugarcane cultivars remain limited. Here, we identified 190 non-redundant ST genes in sugarcane cultivar Guitang 42 (GT42) and phylogenetically classified them into nine groups within the Monosaccharide Transporter (MST), Sucrose Transporter (SUT), and Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET) families. Comparative evolutionary analysis revealed significant lineage-specific expansions in the PMT, STP subfamilies, and SWEET families compared to diploid and wild relatives, likely driven by polyploidization and intensive selection for sugar yield. Transcriptomic profiling across tissues and internode elongation stages demonstrated marked tissue-specific and developmental expression patterns. Yeast complementation assays confirmed the transport activity of candidate MSTs, SUTs and SWEETs, with confocal microscopy verifying their distinct subcellular localization at the plasma membrane, tonoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, transient overexpression of several candidate transporters (ScSWEET4-T2, ScSWEET15, and ScTST4-T1) in Nicotiana benthamiana modulated soluble sugar accumulation, and their expression in sugarcane protoplasts activated key sugar-responsive marker genes (ScGPT2 and ScWIP4). Together, our study establishes a systematic genomic framework and identifies candidate functional transporters that govern sugar partitioning and storage, providing valuable genetic targets for molecular breeding and quality enhancement in sugarcane.
Functional characterization↗
Genome-wide identification of HCT gene family in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) and characterization of putative cis-elements in gene regulation.
BACKGROUND: Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) is a globally important crop, and its bagasse can be converted into bioethanol and other industrial products. Lignin, a core component of sugarcane cell walls, plays a crucial role in bagasse quality and lodging resistance. Shikimic acid hydroxycinnamyl transferase (HCT) is the key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis. However, the HCT gene family in sugarcane and its regulatory roles in sugarcane remain poorly understood. RESULTS: A total of 663 HCT genes (including alleles) were identified in the Saccharum hybrid R570 genome, which were classified into six groups (I-VI) and were unevenly distributed across 77 chromosomes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the subgroups of R570HCTs had similar gene structures, suggesting conserved functions. Moreover, the different subgroups presented unique putative cis‑element distribution patterns. Transcriptome data indicated that some R570HCTs exhibited significant spatiotemporal and tissue‑specific expression patterns. Further Pearson correlation analysis between putative cis‑element distribution and normalized expression values at the subgroup level revealed that light-responsive elements (L‑box and GA‑motif) were positively correlated with R570HCT expression, and different subgroups formed a complex regulatory network by integrating hormone response and stress elements. Importantly, this subgroup-level correlation was cross-validated by comparing the cis‑element clustering heatmap with the expression heatmap, revealing consistent enrichment patterns. CONCLUSIONS: The study's findings provide novel insights into the correlation among motifs, putative cis‑elements, and gene expression, and propose a cross-validated framework for understanding regulatory divergence among HCT subfamilies in polyploid sugarcane, serving as a hypothesis generating resource for future research on R570HCT expression.
Saccharum↗
Sugarcane exposure and the risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma.
A case-control study was conducted of the risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma from environmental and occupational exposures associated with sugarcane production. A slight, not statistically significant, excess risk of lung cancer was observed among participants who reported working in the sugarcane industry (odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 0.5-7.5). No increased risk was observed among our population, associated with living near sugarcane growing areas. Little difference was observed between cases and controls in years employed in the industry or jobs performed. Only one mesothelioma case and no controls reported working in the sugarcane industry.
Aged↗
Present status of the sugarcane mosaic subgroup of potyviruses.
Until recently, sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) was believed to be a single potyvirus consisting of a large number of strains, differing from each other in certain biological and antigenic properties. The use of affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies directed towards the surface-located, virus-specific amino termini of the coat proteins showed that 17 strains from Australia and the United States represented four distinct potyviruses, namely johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV), maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) and SCMV. Comparisons of strains from each of these four viruses on the basis of reactions on differential sorghum and oat cultivars, cell-free translation of RNAs, morphology and serology of cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusions, amino acid sequence and peptide profiling of coat proteins, 3' non-coding nucleotide sequences, and molecular hybridization with probes corresponding to the 3' non-coding regions, resulted in exactly the same taxonomic assignments as obtained using amino-terminal serology. These results further confirm that the former sugarcane mosaic virus actually consists of four distinct viruses and show that MDMV, SrMV, and SCMV are more closely related to each other than they are to JGMV. Because these four viruses are closely related but distinct, formation of a sugarcane mosaic subgroup in the genus Potyvirus would be appropriate.
Edible Grain↗
Effect of sugarcane chewing on plaque pH in rural Kenyan children.
In 5 rural Kenyan children, the effect of sugarcane chewing on plaque pH was compared with the effect of a mouthrinse with 10% sucrose at various intraoral sites. They all had poor oral hygiene and at least two carious cavities in occlusal surfaces of molars. pH measurements were conducted under field conditions using paladium touch microelectrodes connected to a battery-operated pH meter. There was a marked difference in pH response of non-carious approximal sites between maxilla and mandible, with the lowest values in the maxilla. However, the pH recovery following the instantaneous drop occurred in parallel even if most pH values had not returned to baseline values 30 min after the sucrose rinse. Following the sugarcane chewing, the pH fall was less pronounced on all sites, and within 5-10 min the values had returned to resting pH and even exceeded this. In carious cavities, a similar pattern was observed, although the acidity in these sites was more pronounced, also reflected in a lower resting mean pH. The main conclusion from this study is that sugarcane chewing yields a less pronounced pH drop and a quicker pH recovery in dental plaque than is seen following a mouthrinse with 10% sucrose. This difference probably results from stimulation of salivary flow associated with the chewing.
Adolescent↗
Genome insights into the Bacillus paramycoides RZ3MS14: a multitrait plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium from Amazonian rainforest able to improve the sugarcane growth.
The genus Bacillus features species with remarkable plant growth-promoting traits (PGPTs) and is widely recognized for its biotechnological potential in sustainable agriculture. Among them, Bacillus paramycoides has recently attracted attention for its versatility in green synthesis of biopolymers, metal-based nanoparticles, and inhibition fungal phytopathogens; however, its PGPTs remain poorly underexplored. In this study, an integrated genomic and physiological approach was applied to B. paramycoides RZ3MS14, isolated from the guarana rhizosphere in Amazonian rainforest, to explore and correlate its potential PGPTs through in vitro and in vivo assays. The genome of B. paramycoides RZ3MS14 harbors genes related to N/P/Fe mobilization, bacillibactin synthesis, exopolysaccharides and biofilm formation, plant signaling, stress tolerance, biocontrol, and antibiotic resistance. Functional validation through in vitro assays, confirmed the strain's ability to solubilize phosphate, mineralize phytate, and produce siderophores, auxins, exopolysaccharides, and biofilm. These findings point diverse plant-growth promoting (PGP) traits that contributed to significant improvements in sugarcane growth and root architecture in the greenhouse. Specifically, root dry mass, shoot dry mass, root length, root surface area, and root volume increased by 225.92%, 520.89%, 231.47%, 242.25%, and 252.92%, respectively. Bacillus paramycoides RZ3MS14 exhibited a low antagonistic effect against the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium verticillioides and Ceratocystis paradoxa. In contrast, microbial volatiles defined synergistic interactions with beneficial fungi Trichoderma afroharzianum and Purpureocillium lilacinum. This is the first study to unveil the PGP attributes of B. paramycoides, underscoring RZ3MS14's potential as a sugarcane bioinput and providing insights into its combined application with other microorganisms.
Saccharum↗
Deciphering the mosaic genome of sugarcane cultivars through polyploid admixture inference with AdmixPoly.
BACKGROUND: Characterizing population structure and admixture events between ancestral groups plays a key role in understanding the evolutionary history of species and crops. Most tools for inferring admixture have been developed for diploids and are not suitable for polyploids, in particular those with high and mixed ploidy such as Saccharum. RESULTS: Here we present AdmixPoly, an R-package designed to infer admixture in polyploid species both at the genome-wide scale and locally along chromosomes. We compare AdmixPoly with state-of-the-art methods using simulations, demonstrating its precision and computational efficiency. Notably, local admixture inference in complex scenarios, such as high ploidy levels, large numbers of ancestral groups and alleles per marker is enabled through efficient approximations of emission and transition probabilities within a hidden Markov model framework. We apply this approach to characterize the contributions of wild Saccharum species to the complex polyploid genome of modern sugarcane cultivars. A panel of wild and cultivated Saccharum accessions is genotyped for 80K genomic regions, each revealing approximately 50 read-scale haplotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal that most of the approximately 12 copies of each basic chromosome in modern cultivars are derived from the domesticated species Saccharum officinarum, with one to four copies typically contributed by distinct subgroups of the wild species Saccharum spontaneum. In addition, contributions from an unknown wild Saccharum group originating from the Pacific were identified in most cultivars. The conserved pattern of these introgressions suggests that they can be traced back to the early stages of sugarcane breeding approximately a century ago.
Saccharum↗
Differentiation of the four viruses of the sugarcane mosaic virus subgroup based on cytopathology.
A cytological comparison has been made of representative isolates of johnsongrass mosaic (JGMV), maize dwarf mosaic (MDMV), sorghum mosaic (SrMV) and sugarcane mosaic (SCMV) viruses. These four viruses now encompass the complex of virus strains which were formerly considered as strains of sugarcane mosaic and/or maize dwarf mosaic viruses. The structure of the cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusions induced by these viruses, together with other cytological alterations, allow the four viruses to be distinguished. Pinwheels, scrolls and laminated aggregates were produced only by SCMV whereas JGMV, MDMV, and SrMV produced only pinwheels and scrolls. SrMV produced amorphous cytoplasmic inclusions which are not produced by JGMV and MDMV. The latter two were rather similar in cytological effects except that the SCMV-JG (U.S.A.) isolate of MDMV produced aggregates of needle-like structures in the cytoplasm which were not found with JGMV and the other MDMV isolates. The specific cytological effects induced by these viruses thus corroborate the recent classification of these viruses based mainly on the properties of the coat-protein gene, the 3' noncoding nucleotide sequences, and host reactions.
Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral↗
From family trials to genomic mate allocation: statistical and genomic strategies to accelerate sugarcane genetic improvement.
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) underpins global sugar and bioenergy supply and is increasingly valued as a renewable biomass feedstock. Sustained improvement in commercial traits and resilience is constrained by long breeding cycles, clonal propagation, multi-stage testing, and a highly polyploid, heterozygous, and frequently aneuploid genome with substantial non-additive genetic variation. Genomic selection has demonstrated value for predicting elite-clone performance, yet its operational use remains limited at earlier decision points, including family selection, parent evaluation, and cross design. This review examines the biological, statistical, and genomic factors that shape these decisions, with emphasis on the Australian breeding context based on progeny assessment trials (PATs), clonal assessment trials (CATs), and final assessment trials (FATs). We evaluate challenges arising from family plot means, the use of different full-sib samples as nominal family replicates, spatial heterogeneity, competition, genotype-by-environment interaction, and the partitioning of additive and non-additive effects. We also assess the integration of pedigree and genomic relationship, genotype representation, allele-dosage estimation, aneuploidy, genomic prediction models, and training-population design. We then consider genomic prediction of cross performance and constrained mate allocation as approaches for improving expected family performance, accounting for cross-specific non-additive effects and managing relatedness. We propose a decision-centred framework that links family and clonal data across breeding stages, tracks the propagation of information and uncertainty, and supports parent recycling and cross allocation. We conclude with a practical research agenda for stage-integrated mixed-model and single-step analyses that connect early family evaluation with genomic prediction and cross-level decision support in sugarcane breeding.
Saccharum↗
Effect of alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment on cell wall composition and digestion kinetics of sugarcane residues and wheat straw.
Our objective was to characterize changes in cell wall composition and digestibility of sugarcane bagasse, pith from bagasse, and wheat straw after treatment with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP). The AHP treatment solution contained 1% H2O2 (wt/vol) maintained at pH 11.5 with NaOH. The H2O2 in solution amounted to 25% of the quantity of substrate treated. After treatment, residues were washed and dried. Detergent fiber composition, total fiber components (neutral sugars, uronic acids, Klason lignin, and noncore lignin phenolic acids), IVDMD, in vitro digestion kinetics of NDF, and monosaccharide digestibilities (24 and 120 h) were determined. Total fiber (TF) and NDF concentrations of all treatment residues were increased (P less than .05) over control substrates by AHP because of greater losses of cell solubles than of cell wall constituents. Hemicellulose:cellulose ratio in NDF of treatment residues was decreased (P less than .05) by AHP for all substrates, but the neutral sugar composition of TF did not agree with this preferential loss of hemicellulose components. Klason lignin, ADL, and esterified noncore lignin, especially ferulic acid, were reduced (P less than .05) by AHP, whereas etherified noncore lignin composition was unchanged. Treatment increased (P less than .05) IVDMD, extent of NDF digestion, and monosaccharide digestibilities of all crop residues. The rate of NDF digestion was increased (P less than .05) for the sugarcane residues but not for wheat straw. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide improved crop residue digestibility, probably as a result of the removal of core and noncore lignin fractions.
Animal Feed↗
Structure and expression of a sugarcane gene encoding a housekeeping phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase.
A gene (SCPEPCD1) encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was isolated from the C-4 monocot sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid var. H32-8560). SCPEPCD1 is ca. 6800 bp long, with 10 exons. The entire gene sequence from -1561 to 262 bp downstream of the putative poly(A) addition signal is reported. A low-level, essentially constitutive pattern of expression, amino acid sequence similarities to other 'housekeeping' PEPC enzymes, and the absence of DNA sequence elements conserved in the upstream region of maize and sorghum C-4-specific PEPC genes indicate that SCPEPCD1 encodes a housekeeping PEPC. Despite this, a motif proposed to act as a phosphorylation site in light-mediated activation of photosynthetic PEPC enzymes [10] is present in the SCPEPCD1 protein; evidence is presented for the presence of this site in other housekeeping PEPC proteins.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Deficiency of toxin-binding protein activity in mutants of sugarcane clone H54-775 as it relates to disease resistance.
Three mutants selected from a population of sugarcane clone H54-775 that had been irradiated with 3 kR gamma-radiation all lacked toxin-binding protein activity. This activity previously had been shown to be essential for eye spot disease susceptibility and was demonstrated in the susceptible parent clone H54-775. In one mutant, the biochemical, immunochemical, and electrophoretic mobilities of the toxin-binding protein were all modified.
Carrier Proteins↗
Some patterns of herbicide and growth regulator intake, persistence, and distribution in sugarcane.
Absorption of 14C-labeled herbicides from nutrient culture solution through the roots of sugarcane plants (Saccharum spp. hybrids) resulted in three major types of distribution. Labeled residues from atrazine, ametryne, and metribuzine moved easily through the xylem to the green leaves and were deposited mainly at the leaf margins and tip. Senescence and leaf abscission removed most of the deposit from the plant. Picloram translocated rapidly into the leaves, but appeared to recycle from older to younger leaves with only small portions remaining in the senescent leaves. Asulam and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were absorbed by the roots; residues did not pass into the xylem and remained fixed in the roots. Foliar additions of labeled herbicides and growth regulators generally showed only minor absorption and translocation within the leaf. Weathering processes and volatility during a 6- to 12-week period left variable amounts of residue, characteristic of individual compounds, absorbed at the treated sites.
Absorption↗
The relationship between membrane ATPase activity in sugarcane and heat-induced resistance to helminthosporoside.
1. Heating of susceptible sugarcane leaves (4 h at 35 degrees C) renders them resistant, for 24 h, to the effects of helminthosporoside. Membrane ATPase activity is reduced by 50% as a result of the heat treatment. When the leaves again become susceptible (after 24 h), membrane. ATPase activity is fully restored. 2. Inhibitors of membrane ATPase activity protect susceptible leaves from the effects of helminthosporoside (KF, EDTA, and octylguanidine). 3. Helminthosporoside activates (30%) membrane ATPase in microsomes from susceptible, but not heat-treated (resistant) leaves. Once heat-treated leaves again become susceptible, helminthosporoside activation of membrane ATPase activity resumes. 4. A plot of the production of helminthosporoside-induced symptoms, and membrane ATPase activity as a function of the reciprocal of the absolute temperature reveals that both have sharp breaks at 32 degrees C. 5. Protoplasts of susceptible cane are rendered insensitivity to the effects of the toxin in a medium deficient in K+ and Mg2+. When these ions are added, cell sensitivity to the toxin is restored. Since K+ uptake in plants is mediated by membrane ATPase, a connection with this enzyme activity can be made to cell sensitivity to the toxin.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
Uncovering the mechanism of female restitution in sugarcane hybrids.
Variations of meiosis, which normally halve genetic complements prior to fertilization, can have profound consequences. For example, whole-genome duplications (polyploidy) have shaped the evolution and diversification of most angiosperm lineages. The century-long success of sugarcane interspecific hybrids has been attributed to unusual female restitution-an unreduced maternal gamete fusing with a normal haploid paternal gamete1,2. Here we generated haplotype-resolved genomes of octoploid Saccharum officinarum LA Purple and decaploid Saccharum spontaneum US56-14-4. Eight F1 hybrids between these species exhibited 2:1 maternal to paternal genomic ratios, with 2 assemblies revealing canonical haploid sets of approximately 40 paternal and approximately 80 maternal chromosomes. The maternal chromosomes comprise 40 pairs of duplicated, partially recombined sister chromatids that retain around 62.5% of maternal genetic diversity, characteristic of second division restitution. Using single-molecule long-read sequencing and a novel algorithm that is broadly applicable to polyploid genomes, we identified two classes of recombination breakpoints, including a previously unrecognized configuration supported by both recombinant and non-recombinant reads, across all hybrids and diagnostic of second division restitution. These findings resolve a century-old cytological debate, add new insights into meiotic variations, and offer a genomic approach to accelerate genetic gain in this globally critical sugar and bioenergy crop.
Chimera↗