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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Structure-function relationship in hemoproteins: the role of cytochrome c3 in the reduction of colloidal sulfur by sulfate-reducing bacteria.

Cytochromes c3 of different strains of sulfate-reducing bacteria have been purified and tested for their capacity to reduce colloidal sulfur to hydrogen sulfide. The results are in good agreement with the activities reported for the whole cells. Cytochrome c3 is the sulfur reductase of some strains of sulfate-reducing bacteria such as Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Norway 4 and sulfate-reducing bacterium strain 9974 from which the sulfur reductase activity can be purified with the cytochrome c3. In contrast, Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough cytochrome c3 is inhibited by the product of the reaction namely hydrogen sulfide. Chloramphenicol has no effect on the sulfur reductase activity of D. desulfuricans Norway 4 when resting cells grown on lactate-sulfate medium are put in the presence of colloidal sulfur. This shows that the sulfur reductase activity is constitutive and corresponds to the fact that colloidal sulfur grown cells do not contain more cytochrome c3 (or another sulfur reductase) than lactate-sulfate-grown cells.

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMed2026

Symbiosis reshapes metabolism of sulfate-reducing bacteria in gutless marine worms.

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are widespread in marine and terrestrial environments, where they often form syntrophic associations with bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Among the most intimate of these are multipartite symbioses in gutless marine oligochaete worms, which host SRB and sulfur-oxidizing endosymbionts that engage in a syntrophic exchange of sulfur compounds. Despite decades of research on free-living SRB, the metabolic traits that enable SRB to persist in symbiosis, and how these differ across hosts and environments, remain poorly understood. We show that a globally distributed clade of symbiotic SRB, which we named Candidatus Desulfoconcordia, has a conserved core metabolism that diverges from free-living relatives. Using comparative genomics and metaproteomics, we reveal that these endosymbionts retain key traits of SRB such as sulfate reduction, complete oxidation of acetate to CO2, amino acid degradation for nitrogen acquisition, and transport of essential nutrients. However, they exhibit a more oxygen-tolerant metabolism and lack typical nutrient-scavenging mechanisms of free-living SRB. One trait, the glyoxylate bypass, was consistently expressed in situ and may serve both in reactive oxygen species defence and in biomass generation. The expression of oxygen-tolerant pathways, coupled with the loss of nutrient-scavenging functions, indicate specialization to a host-associated, redox-fluctuating environment distinct from that of free-living SRB. The symbiont genomes are also larger than those of free-living relatives, contrasting with genome reduction in many endosymbionts and reinforcing the importance of metabolic versatility. Our findings provide a framework for understanding how metabolic flexibility enables SRB to persist in long-term multipartite symbioses across diverse marine ecosystems.

Symbiosis↗
PubMed2026

Low-pH sulfate reduction in acid mine drainage treatment systems: implications for acidophilic and acid-tolerant sulfate-reducing bacteria - a systematic review.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is characterized by persistent acidity, high sulfate and dissolved metal concentrations. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are attractive candidates for AMD remediation because dissimilatory sulfate reduction generates alkalinity while producing sulfide that can facilitate metal removal through precipitation. Extending these processes to acidic conditions has increased interest in acidophilic and acid-tolerant SRB (aSRB and atSRB), yet evidence from cultivation, molecular surveys and treatment systems has often been interpreted separately. This systematic review synthesized 53 culture-dependent, culture-independent, and treatment system studies from 2014 to 2024 to examine relationships among taxonomic occurrence, physiological capability, demonstrated low-pH sulfate reduction and treatment performance. Phylogenetic analysis showed that low-pH sulfate-reducing phenotypes were distributed across multiple lineages and 16S rRNA relatedness alone did not predict acid tolerance. Desulfosporosinus was the most consistently represented genus across studies, although its recurrence was influenced by cultivation strategies. Sulfate reduction was demonstrated below pH 3, with sustained low-pH activity most strongly supported by controlled reactor studies; approximately pH 4.0-5.5 emerged as a comparatively well-supported range, while activity at lower pH was more dependent on microbial physiology and experimental conditions. Low-pH sulfate reduction also emerged as a community-level process shaped by electron-donor use, metabolite turnover and complementary microbial functions, while treatment performance additionally depended on biomass retention, hydraulic conditions and sulfide management. The reviewed studies support a distinction between taxonomic presence, demonstrated activity and treatment contribution. Future work should prioritize standardized reporting of active sulfate-reduction conditions, stronger taxon-function validation and long-term field testing of low-pH sulfidogenic systems.

Sulfates↗
PubMed1978

[Staining of sulfate-reducing bacteria with hexacyanoferrat-compounds (cultural and cytochemical evidence of Fe) (author's transl)].

Hexacyanoferrat-compounds are suitable 1. to indicate the valence of Fe-ions in cultures of desulfuricants (Desulfovibrio spec., Desulfotomaculum) in fluid and solid medium before and after inoculation; 2. stain directly the sulfate-reducing bacteria in presence of Fe-ions and give a colour-reaction of those parts of the cell containing Fe-compounds, e.g. FeS. Therefore they act as a cytochemical indicator system. The chemical base of the reactions are as follows: (1) 4HS + SO42 leads to H2S + 2H2O + OH- H2S leads to H+ + HS- leads to 2H+ + S2- (in the bacteria) (2) FeIII-salt + S2-leads to Fe2S3 leads to 2FeIIS + S 2FeIIS + FeIII(CN6) leads to FeIIIFeII(CN)6 (blue complex-compound).

Desulfovibrio↗
PubMed1975

Biochemical studies on sulfate-reducing bacteria. XIV. Enzyme levels of adenylylsulfate reductase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, sulfite reductase, hydrogenase, and adenosine triphosphatase in cells grown on sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate.

Sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfovibrio vulgaris, strain Miyazaki, were grown on either sulfate, sulfite, or thiosulfate as the terminal electron acceptor. Better growth was observed on sulfite and less growth on thiosulfate than on sulfate. Enzyme levels of adenylylsulfate (APS) reductase [EC 1.8.99.2], reductant-activated inorganic pyrophosphatase [EC 3.6.1.1], sulfite reductase [EC 1.8.99.1] (desulfoviridin), hydrogenase [EC 1.12.2.1], and Mg2+-activated ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] were compared in crude extracts of these cells at various stages of growth. 1) The specific activity of APS reductase in sulfite-grown cells was only one-fourth that in sulfate-grown cells throughout growth. Thiosulfate-grown cells had an activity intermediate between those of sulfate- and sulfite-grown cells. 2) Cells grown on sulfite had lower specific activity of reductant-activated inorganic pyrophosphatase than cells grown on sulfate or thiosulfate. 3) The specific activity of sulfite reductase (desulfoviridin) was highest in sulfite-grown cells. The sulfite medium gave the enzyme in high yield as well as with high specific activity. 4) The specific activities of hydrogenase and Mg2+-ATPase were not significantly altered by electron acceptors in the growth medium.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fixation of molecular nitrogen by sulfate-reducing bacteria from petroleum strata].

The activity of nitrogen fixation by the museum strains of sulfate reducing bacteria isolated from oil deposits was studied using the acetylene technique. The mesophilic sulpfate reducing bacteria belonging to the species Desulfovibrio africanus 2372 and D. baculatus X were found to have a high nitrogenase activity. D desulfuricans subsp. aestuarii 2198 reduced acetylene at a low rate. The thermophilic sulfate reducing cultures of D. thermophilus 7, Desulfotomaculum nigrificans 781 and Dm. nigrificans subsp. salinus 435 produced only small quantities of ethylene. Apparently, nitrogen fixation by sulfate reducing bacteria can be considerable in oil strata whose temperature does not exceed 35--40 degrees C.

Bacillaceae↗
PubMed1979

Biochemical studies on sulfate-reducing bacteria. XV. Separation and comparison of two forms of desulfoviridin.

Desulfoviridin from Desulfovibrio vulgaris was separated into two forms by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. The major form had a pI of 4.4 and the minor form one of 4.5-4.6. Both forms produced mainly trithionate, besides thiosulfate and sulfide, in methylviologen-linked sulfite reduction. The specific activities of sulfite reduction, as well as of hydroxylamine reduction, were virtually identical in both forms. There were no great differences in their absorption spectra, CD spectra, molecular weights, subunit compositions, labile sulfide, and iron contents, and amino acid compositions. The N-terminal amino acid was alanine in both forms.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Thermophillic sulfate-reducing bacteria from oil-bearing strata].

The paper describes pure cultures (strains 435 and 781) of thermophilic spore-forming sulphate-reducing bacteria isolated from oil strata. The strain 435 was classed as a new subspecies Desulfotomaculum nigrificnas subsp. salinus according to its morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The cells of the culture are rod-like, 2-5 mcm long and 0.9-1.3 mcm thick. Some cells are spindle-shaped. The cells have peritrichously arranged flagella. Spores are oval, located terminally or subterminally, slightly widening the cells. The culture is an obligate anaerobe. It grows in media containing sulphates and assimilates sodium salts of lactic, pyruvic, malic and formic acids, ethanol, and butanol. The cuture assimilates pyruvate in the absence of sulphates. Sulphate, sulphite and thiosulphate are electron acceptors when the culture grows on lactate. The organism can grow at 40-70 degrees C, the optimum temperature being 60 degrees C. It requires NaCl for growth, and can grow even in the presence of 4% NaCl in the medium. The optimum should contain 1% NaCl and microelements. Desulfoviridin is absent. The cells contain a cytochrome of the protoheme class. The content of G + C base pairs in DNA is 57.0 +/- 0.5 mol. %.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Distribution of thermophilic sulfate reducing bacteria in the oil-bearing strata of Apsheron and Western Siberia].

Enrichment cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria were obtained by inoculating the water of high-temperature gas and oil-bearing strata. A study of the morphology of these cells has shown that the thermophilic bacterium Desulfovibrio thermophilus occurs in the deposits of the Apsheron Peninsula while Desulfootomaculum nigrificans is found in the deposits of West Siberia. The former organism is involved in the accumulation of H2S in the Apsheron strata. The temperature of the strata is believed to be the factor which regulates the incidence of bacteria.

Bacillaceae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Blooming and destruction of cyanobacteria in the drainage bassin of the hydrogen sulfide spring of Staraya Matsesty].

The growth of cyanobacteria belonging to the genera Oscillatoria and Anabaena (up to 2.1 x 10(7) filaments per 1 g of wet sample) was found in a water reservoir with a high content of sulfides (up to 9 mM) in Staraya Matsesta throughout the year. The spots of Oscillatoria are located in the spring in more illuminated areas as compared to Anabaena. In the spring, not only spots of actively growing cells were detected, but also accumulations of Oscillatoria cells being destroyed (blue spots). Water-bloom spots in which Oscillatoria prevailed can transform into the spots of Anabaena. The main accompanying forms in the spots of Anabaena are long thin filaments of the flexibacterial type while short rods are found in the spots where Oscillatoria predominates. Heterotrophic enteric bacteria (48 x 10(4) cells per 1 g), Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and coryneform bacteria were also detected. Green bacteria (Chlorobium) and nonsulfur purple bacteria (Rhodomicrobium) were present in small quantities (16 x 10(3) cells per 1 g) as well as sulfate-reducing bacteria (5--15 x 10(2) cells per 1 g) and thiobacilli (40--60 cells per 1 g). In the spring, stones were covered with pink spots of spherical motile purple bacteria and with yellow-green spots of filamentous green bacteria. The cyanobacteria from the spots are capable of oxygenated photosynthesis. Fixation of CO2 by them in situ is 0.08 mcg per 1 g of dry sample per hour or 0.06 mcg per 10(6) cells per hour, and is inhibited by 10(-5) M DCMU by 70%.

Cyanobacteria↗
PubMed2026

Viral communities from long-term anaerobic alkane-oxidizing enrichment cultures encode predicted cell surface adhesion functions.

The anaerobic oxidation of methane and C2+-alkanes is a dominant metabolism within hydrocarbon-rich deep-sea sediments and is largely mediated by alkane-oxidizing archaea in metabolic partnership with syntrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria. Although these processes fuel a diverse ecosystem, the viral component of alkane-rich sediments has historically been overlooked. We analyzed the viral assemblages in long-term sediment-free cultures of alkane-degrading organisms and found that abiotic factors such as incubation temperature had a greater correlation with community composition than with the phylogenetic patterns among individual viral species. No auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) directly involved in hydrocarbon oxidation or sulfate reduction were found, but the presence of candidate AMGs involved in heme synthesis pathways common in methane oxidizers hints at a possible viral impact on alkane degradation. We also examined potential host-virus pairs using CRISPR- and tRNA-based methods. Lastly, we identified the presence of nosD-like proteins in viruses from sediment-derived systems that are not present in water column datasets; their distribution, genomic context, and lack of canonical nosD characteristics suggest an alternate adhesion-related role in sediment communities. The number of new viruses obtained from these multi-year enrichment cultures and their potential roles in mediating host physiology illustrate the importance of studying the viral component in laboratory and environmental systems.

Geologic Sediments↗
PubMed1978

Biocidal properties of anti-icing additives for aircraft fuels.

The biocidal and biostatic activities of seven glycol monoalkyl ether compounds were evaluated as part of an effort to find an improved anti-icing additive for jet aircraft fuel. Typical fuel contaminants, Cladosporium resinae, Gliomastix sp., Candida sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a mixed culture containing sulfate-reducing bacteria were used as assay organisms. Studies were carried out over 3 to 4 months in two-phase systems containing jet fuel and aqueous media. Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and 2-methoxyethanol were generally biocidal in aqueous concentrations of 10 to 17% for all organisms except Gliomastix, which required 25% or more. 2-Ethoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol, and 2-butoxyethanol were biocidal at progressively lower concentrations down to 1 to 2% for 2-butoxyethanol. The enhanced antimicrobial activity of these three compounds was attributed to cytoplasmic membrane damage because of the correlation between surface tension measurements and lytic activity with P. aeruginosa cells. The mechanism of action of the less active compounds appeared to be due to osmotic (dehydrating) effects. When all requirements are taken into account, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether appears to be the most promising replacement for the currently used additive, 2-methoxyethanol.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

[Hexacyanoferrate-compounds as indicator substances for the efficacy of antimicrobial agents to desulfuricants (author's transl)].

Hexacyanoferrate-compounds are suitable to indicate the efficacy of antimicrobial substances to sulfate-reducing bacteria. They act as a cytochemical indicator system. (Stübner, 9), e. g. K3FeIII(CN)6 showes FeS formation before any visible blackening of the medium. By using hexacyanoferrate compounds it is easier to determine the efficacy of antimicrobial agents. In addition a microscopical control is recommended to detect damaged or avital bacteria in the limiting concentrations of the agents.

Acridines↗
PubMed1977

Presence of cytochrome c in Desulfomonas pigra.

Desulfomonas pigra, a gram-negative, nonmotile anaerobic, sulfate-reducing bacillus isolated from human feces, was found to have cytochrome c and a desulfoviridin-like pigment.

Cytochrome c Group↗