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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Monosaccharide composition of sweetpotato fiber and cell wall polysaccharides from sweetpotato, cassava, and potato analyzed by the high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection method.

The cell wall materials (CWMs) from sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas cv. Kokei 14), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Danshaku) and commercial sweetpotato fiber as well as their polysaccharide fractions were analyzed for sugar composition by the high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) method. The separation of arabinose and rhamnose, and xylose and mannose, by this method has been improved using a CarboPac PA 10 column. Pretreatment of the CWMs and cellulose fractions with 12 M H(2)SO(4) was required for complete hydrolysis to occur. Commercial sweetpotato fiber was found to be mainly composed of glucose (88.4%), but small amounts of other sugars were also detected. Among the root crops, sweetpotato CWM had the highest amount of pectin and galacturonic acid. Fucose was detected only in cassava CWM and its hemicellulose fraction, while galactose was present in the highest amount in potato CWM. Among the polysaccharide fractions, it was only in the hemicellulose fraction where significant differences in the sugar composition, especially in the galactose content, were observed among the root crops.

Anion Exchange Resins↗

PubMed1994

The complete nucleotide sequences of the coat protein cistron and the 3' non-coding region of a newly-identified potyvirus infecting sweetpotato, as compared to those of sweetpotato feathery mottle virus.

Complementary DNA representing 728 nucleotides of the 3' end of the genomic RNA of sweetpotato virus G (SPV-G) a newly-identified potyvirus infecting sweetpotato, was cloned and sequenced. This sequence was combined with that previously determined for the 5' terminal part of the coat protein cistron of the virus. The whole sequence contained a single open reading frame (ORF) of 1065 nucleotide, with the capacity to encode a coat protein of 355 amino acids, significantly larger than that of other potyviruses. The ORF was followed by an untranslated region of 222 nucleotides and a poly (A) tail. The coat protein of SPV-G was only distantly related to that of known potyviruses, with the exception of sweetpotato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV). Indeed, sequence identity in the C-terminal three quarters of the coat protein (more than 80%) and in the 3' untranslated region (more than 70%) indicate that SPV-G should be considered as closely related to, though distinct from SPFMV. This subset relationship is similar to that previously reported for members of the bean yellow mosaic virus subgroup or the bean common mosaic virus subgroup.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2002

Nutritional assessment of transgenic sweetpotato on body weight, lipid, and protein status in hamsters.

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the nutritional quality of genetically modified sweetpotato (genotype PI318846-3) on growth, lipid metabolism, and protein metabolism of hamsters. Three different diets made with transgenic and nontransgenic sweetpotato protein flour including a control diet with casein were fed to male Golden Syrian hamsters for 28 days. The protein efficiency ratio (1.35 +/- 0.01) of the transgenic sweetpotato protein diet was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the nontransgenic sweetpotato and control diets. Plasma albumin and plasma total protein concentrations of hamsters fed the sweetpotato diets were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the control. The casein diet (control) produced hypercholesterolemia in hamsters, whereas sweetpotato diets maintained lower plasma and liver total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in hamsters. Sweetpotatoes contain less amount of protein to maintain the normal animal growth; however, transgenic sweetpotato has good quality protein that supported the growth of hamsters better than nontransgenic sweetpotato.

Albumins↗

PubMed2006

Improved dry-fleshed sweetpotato genotypes resistant to insect pests.

Thirty-five mostly dry-fleshed sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Convolvulaceae), genotypes from the USDA-ARS/Clemson University sweetpotato breeding program were evaluated in nine field experiments at the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, from 1998 to 2004. There were highly significant entry effects for percentage of uninjured roots; wireworm, Diabrotica, and Systena (WDS) index; percentage of roots damaged by sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers); percentage of roots damaged by sweetpotato flea beetle, Chaetocnema confinis Crotch); and percentage of roots damaged by white grub larvae (primarily Plectris aliena Chapin). The susceptible control, 'SC1149-19', had a significantly lower percentage of uninjured roots, a significantly higher WDS rating, and higher percentage infestations of flea beetle, grubs, and sweetpotato weevils than all other sweetpotato entries in this study. Twenty-seven genotypes had significantly less insect damage than 'Beauregard', the leading commercial orange-fleshed cultivar in the United States. In addition, 11 genotypes had significantly less insect injury than 'Picadito', a commercial boniato-type sweetpotato grown extensively in southern Florida. Overall, no genotypes were more resistant to soil insect pests than the resistant checks 'Sumor' and 'Regal'. Many of the advanced dry-flesh sweetpotato genotypes had high levels of resistance to soil insect pests, and they represent a useful source of advanced germplasm for use in sweetpotato breeding programs.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Post harvest spoilage of sweetpotato in tropics and control measures.

Sweetpotato storage roots are subjected to several forms of post harvest spoilage in the tropical climate during transportation from farmers' field to market and in storage. These are due to mechanical injury, weight loss, sprouting, and pests and diseases. Sweetpotato weevil is the single most important storage pest in tropical regions for which no control measures or resistant variety are yet available. Several microorganisms (mostly fungi) have been found to induce spoilage in stored sweetpotatoes. The most important among them are Botryodiplodia theobromae, Ceratocystis fimbriata, Fusarium spp., and Rhizopus oryzae. The other less frequently occurring spoilage microorganisms include Cochliobolus lunatus (Curvularia lunata), Macrophomina phaseolina, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Plenodomus destruens. Microbial spoilage of sweetpotato is found associated with decrease in starch, total sugar, organic acid (ascorbic acid and oxalic acid) contents with concomitant increase in polyphenols, ethylene, and in some instances phytoalexins. Several methods are used to control microbial spoilage. Curing to promote wound healing is found as the most suitable method to control microbial spoilage. Curing naturally occurs in tropical climates where mean day temperature during sweetpotato harvesting season (February-April) invariably remains at 32-35 degrees C and relative humidity at 80-95%. Sweetpotato varieties varied in their root dry matter content, and low root dry matter content attributed for their high curing efficiency. Curing efficiency of varieties also differed in response to curing periods. Fungicide treatment, bio-control, gamma irradiation, hydro warming, and storage in sand and saw dust were found to have intermediate impacts in controlling spoilage and enhancing shelf life of sweetpotato roots. Breeding program has to be chalked out to develop new varieties suitable to curing under tropical conditions in addition to developing varieties having multi-spectrum resistance to major post harvest rot pathogens and sweetpotato weevils.

Food Contamination↗

PubMed2004

Effect of fermentation on Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) toxicity in mice.

Unfortunate bovine fatalities occurring after ingestion of mold-damaged sweetpotatoes preclude the use of the culled tubers in livestock feed. In cattle, mold-damaged sweetpotatoes induce an acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting in asphyxiation. Because of this potential toxicity and the general abundance of culled sweetpotatoes, the detoxification efficacy of ensiling was explored since it is an easy and economically viable technique often applied to preserve livestock feed. Sweetpotato slices with or without mold damage were stored either frozen (to represent unfermented samples) or fermented for 6 weeks at room temperature. Following fermentation, organic extracts were generated for administration to mice. Thirty hours following administration of the extracts, mice were evaluated for gross and microscopic lesions affecting the lungs, liver, and kidneys. Fermentation of 6 weeks duration was observed to inadequately eliminate the lung, liver, and kidney toxicity caused by mold-damaged sweetpotatoes. In fact, fermentation exacerbated the hepatotoxicity of mold-damaged sweetpotatoes. This is also the first demonstration that sweetpotato regions lacking visible mold damage can induce lung and kidney injury, which, however, is preventable by fermentation.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Research Progress in the Cytogenetics of Sweetpotato and Its Wild Relatives.

Cultivated sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), a hexaploid (2n = 6x = 90) crop, is the most economically important species within the morning glory genus Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae). Fourteen diploid Ipomoea species and several polyploid accessions have been confirmed to be closely related to sweetpotato, often termed its wild relatives. These wild species harbor abundant elite genes beneficial to sweetpotato improvement and thereby serve as indispensable germplasm reservoirs for breeding programs. In addition, several wild taxa are proposed as potential ancestors of domesticated sweetpotato. Nevertheless, the evolutionary origin and genomic architecture of cultivated sweetpotato have not yet been fully resolved. Cytological investigations, particularly chromosome karyotyping and meiotic pairing analyses, have been pivotal in unravelling the genomic architecture and evolutionary trajectories of polyploid taxa. Herein, we systematically summarize advances in chromosome counting, genome size, karyotyping, and meiotic pairing research on sweetpotato and its wild relatives.

Ipomoea↗

PubMed1997

Integrating biological treatment of crop residue into a hydroponic sweetpotato culture.

Residual biomass from hydroponic culture of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] was degraded using natural bacterial soil isolates. Sweetpotato was grown for 120 days in hydroponic culture with a nutrient solution comprised of a ratio of 80% modified half Hoagland solution to 20% filtered effluent from an aerobic starch hydrolysis bioreactor. The phytotoxicity of the effluent was assayed with Waldmann's Green' lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and the ratio selected after a 60-day bioassay using sweetpotato plants propagated vegetatively from cuttings. Controlled environment chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of filtrate from biological treatment of crop residue on growth and storage root production with plants grown in a modified half Hoagland solution. Incorporation of bioreactor effluent, reduced storage root yield of 'Georgia Jet' sweetpotato but the decrease was not statistically significant when compared with yield for plants cultured in a modified half Hoagland solution without filtrate. However, yield of 'TU-82-155' sweetpotato was significantly reduced when grown in a modified half Hoagland solution into which filtered effluent had been incorporated. Total biomass was significantly reduced for both sweetpotato cultivars when grown in bioreactor effluent. The leaf area and dry matter accumulation were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced for both cultivars when grown in solution culture containing 20% filtered effluent.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗

PubMed2004

In situ and in vitro antioxidant activity of sweetpotato anthocyanins.

Anthocyanins from a variety of fruits and vegetables have been shown to possess potent antioxidant activity in vitro, but scavenging of free radicals by anthocyanins has only been demonstrated in situ in the leaves of certain plants. We report on a new sweetpotato that exhibits mottled purple flesh attributable to high concentrations of anthocyanins. By perfusing transverse sweetpotato sections with the reactive oxygen species H(2)O(2), followed by the H(2)O(2) sensitive fluorochrome scopletin, we show that anthocyanins act as antioxidants in situ within the sweetpotato storage roots. We also demonstrate in vitro antioxidant activity by sweetpotato anthocyanins, where an additive effect with hydroxycinnamic acids is observed. Anthocyanic foods have been shown to offer protection against a variety of degenerative disease processes. Given that sweetpotato can be eaten several hundred grams at a time and as a staple, these data are consistent with the possibility of superior health protection by anthocyanic varieties of sweetpotato in comparison to most common fruits and vegetables.

Anthocyanins↗

PubMed2002

Bioavailability of calcium from sweetpotato and soy flour supplemented diets in hamsters.

The bioavailability of calcium from two varieties of sweetpotatoes and supplementation of sweetpotatoes with soy flour was investigated in hamsters using plasma calcium concentration and femur calcium content as indicators. Five different diets were fed to five groups of animals for 28 days. There was no significant difference in plasma calcium concentrations of hamsters in all the diet groups. However, the femur calcium content of hamsters with transgenic sweetpotato flour (TSPF) and parent nontransgenic (from which transgenic was produced) sweetpotato flour (NTSPF) diets was significantly higher than that of the transgenic sweetotato flour supplemented with soy flour (TSPF + SF) and parent nontransgenic sweetpotato flour supplemented with soy flour (NTSPF + SF) diets. The relative bioavailability of calcium from the control (100%), TSPF+SF (30%), NTSPF+SF (23%), TSPF (57%) and NTSPF (46%) indicated that sweetpotatoes could be the better source of calcium, however, supplementation with soy flour might reduce the bioavailability of calcium.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2004

Phenolic composition and radical scavenging activity of sweetpotato-derived shochu distillery by-products treated with koji.

Phenolic composition and radical scavenging activity in the shochu distillery by-products of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) treated with koji (Aspergillus awamori mut.) and cellulase (Cellulosin T2) were investigated to develop new uses. Koji and Cellulosin T2 treatment of shochu distillery by-products from sweetpotatoes, rice, and barley increased phenolic content. Caffeic acid was identified as a dominant phenolic component in the shochu distillery by-products of the sweetpotato. Adding koji and/or Cellulosin T2 to the shochu distillery by-product indicated that koji was involved in caffeic acid production. Caffeic acid was not detected in raw or steamed roots of "Koganesengan", the material of sweetpotato for shochu production, suggesting that it is produced during shochu fermentation. The phenolic content and radical scavenging activity the shochu distillery by-product treated with koji and Cellulosin T2 were superior to those of commercial vinegar. These results suggest that koji treatment of sweetpotato-derived shochu distillery by-products has potential for food materials with physiological functions. Further koji treatment of sweetpotato shochu-distillery by-products may be applicable to mass production of caffeic acid.

Acetic Acid↗

PubMed2006

Comparative susceptibility of sweetpotato weevil (Coleoptera: Brentidae) to selected insecticides.

The response of sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (F.) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), to insecticides used for its control was tested in laboratory bioassays. A glass vial bioassay technique was used to determine the susceptibility of two cohorts of sweetpotato weevil to selected insecticides. Vials were treated with methyl parathion, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, carbaryl, and phosmet. Sweetpotato weevils demonstrated a mortality response to increasing concentrations of all insecticides tested, and our results indicated decreases in susceptibility of the Louisiana cohort of sweetpotato weevil compared with the Texas cohort for all insecticides tested. Methyl parathion was the most toxic chemical tested for both cohorts, followed by the pyrethroids, cyfluthrin and bifenthrin. Phosmet exhibited moderate toxicity compared with other chemicals tested, whereas sweetpotato weevils were least susceptible to carbaryl. Significant differences in lethal concentration (LC)50 and LC90 values for cyfluthrin and bifenthrin, the LC50 values for methyl parathion and phosmet, and the LC90 values for carbaryl were observed between the two cohorts. This study documents baseline toxicological data for five insecticides in two populations of sweetpotato weevil and demonstrates that susceptibility to all insecticides tested is lower for the Louisiana population compared with the Texas population.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Biocompatibility of sweetpotato and peanut in a hydroponic system.

'Georgia Red' peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and TU-82-155 sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] were grown in monocultured or intercropped recirculating hydroponic systems in a greenhouse using the nutrient film technique (NFT). The objective was to determine whether growth and subsequent yield would be affected by intercropping. Treatments were sweetpotato monoculture (SP), peanut monoculture (PN), and sweetpotato and peanut grown in separate NFT channels but sharing a common nutrient solution (SP-PN). Greenhouse conditions ranged from 24 to 33 degrees C, 60% to 90% relative humidity (RH), and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 200 to 1700 micromoles m-2 s-1. Sweetpotato cuttings (15 cm long) and 14-day-old seedlings of peanuts were planted into growth channels (0.15 x 0.15 x 1.2 m). Plants were spaced 25 cm apart within and 25 cm apart between growing channels. A modified half-Hoagland solution with a 1 N: 2.4 K ratio was used. Solution pH was maintained between 5.5 and 6.0 for treatments involving SP and 6.4 and 6.7 for PN. Electrical conductivity (EC) ranged between 1100 and 1200 microS cm-1. The number of storage roots per sweetpotato plant was similar for both SP and SP-PN. Storage root fresh and dry mass were 29% and 36% greater, respectively, for plants in the SP-PN treatment than for plants in the SP treatment. The percent dry mass of the storage roots, dry mass of fibrous and pencil roots, and the length-to-diameter ratio of storage roots were similar for SP and SP-PN sweetpotato plants. Likewise, foliage fresh and dry mass and harvest index were not significantly influenced by treatment. Total dry mass was 37% greater for PN than for SP-PN peanut plants, and pod dry mass was 82% higher. Mature and total seed dry mass and fibrous root dry mass were significantly greater for PN than for SP-PN plants. Harvest index (HI) was similar for both treatments. Root length tended to be lower for seedlings grown in the nutrient solution from the SP-PN treatment.

Arachis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Oxidase gene from sweetpotato].

Polyphenol oxidase is the enzyme responsible for enzymatic browning in sweetpotato that decreases the commercial value of sweetpotato products. Here we reported the cloning and characterization of a new cDNA encoding PPO from sweetpotato, designated as IbPPO (GeneBank accession number: AY822711). The full-length cDNA of IbPPO is 1984 bp with a 1767 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 588 amino acid polypeptide with calculated molecular weight of 65.7 kDa and theoretical pI of 6.28. The coding sequence of IbPPO was also directly amplified from the genomic DNA of sweetpotato that demonstrated that IbPPO was an intron-free gene. The computational comparative analysis revealed that IbPPO showed homology to other PPOs of plant origin and contained a 50 amino acid plastidial transit peptides at its N-terminal and the two conserved CuA and CuB copper-binding motifs in the catalytic region of IbPPO. A highly conserved serine-rich motif was firstly found in the transit peptides of plant PPO enzymes. Then the homology-based structural modeling of IbPPO showed that IbPPO had the typical structure of PPO: the catalytic copper center was accommodated in a central four-helix bundle located in a hydrophobic pocket close to the surface. Finally, the results of the semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of IbPPO in different tissues demonstrated that IbPPO could express in all the organs of sweetpotato including: mature leaves, young leaves, the stems of mature leaves (petioles), the storage roots and the veins but at different levels. The highest-level expression of IbPPO was found in veins, followed by storage roots, young leaves and mature leaves; and the lowest-level expression of IbPPO was found in petioles. The present researches will facilitate the development of anti-brown sweetpotato by genetic engineering.

Amino Acid Motifs↗

PubMed1988

Chemical and nutritional assessment of sweetpotato proteins.

The solubility of sweetpotato nitrogen increased outside the pH range 3-6 for the pulp, and 2-5 for the peel of the two varieties namely, "Abees" and "Giza 69". The minimum nitrogen extractability occurred between the pH range 3-4, and 4-5 for the peel and pulp, respectively. The sweetpotato protein isolates were prepared separately from both peel and pulp of the two varieties. The former had the highest values of carbohydrates and ash while the latter had the highest values of protein and fat. The in-vitro digestibility of sweetpotato proteins and casein by pepsin-pancreatin was studied. Casein was more easily digested than the proteins of sweetpotatoes, whose digestibilities were higher in the pulp than in the peel of the two varieties. No trypsin inhibitor activity was detected in peel and pulp of both varieties under test. The effect of the variety of sweetpotatoes on the protein patterns was studied using the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and varietal specific patterns were obtained.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗

PubMed2002

Health and production aspects of feeding sweetpotato to cattle.

If certain guidelines are followed when feeding sweetpotatoes to livestock it is possible to minimize health hazards. Careful herd management and the recognition of specific biomarkers such as excessive dental deterioration could aid in the early identification of feed problems. Where these tubers are produced locally in abundance there can be an economic and environmental incentive to divert waste sweetpotato by-products toward livestock feed. The feeding of culled sweetpotatoes and processed sweetpotato waste by-products can have three major benefits. First, expensive disposal costs are reduced. Second, negative environmental impacts from landfill dumping and crop spreading are limited. Third, the culled sweetpotatoes and SPCW offer an inexpensive and nutritious alternative feed ration for livestock that may increase economic returns.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2002

Identification and characterization of foliar polyphenolic composition in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) genotypes.

Trials over two years were conducted using 1389 sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) genotypes collected from all over the world to characterize the polyphenolic composition in sweetpotato leaves. Wide variation was observed in relation to their total and individual leaf polyphenolic constituents. In all genotypes studied, the total polyphenol contents of sweetpotato leaf ranged from 1.42 to 17.1 g/100 g dry weight. The six different polyphenolic compounds were identified and quantified by NMR, FABMS, and RPHPLC analysis procedures. This is the first report of polyphenolic compositions in sweetpotato leaves. The relative levels of polyphenolic acids in sweetpotato leaves were as follows: 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid > 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid > chlorogenic acid (3-O-caffeoylquinic acid) > 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid > 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid > caffeic acid. The highest 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid occurred at 221 and 1183.30 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively.

Caffeic Acids↗

PubMed1998

Analysis of genetic diversity in Chinese sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] germplasm using DNA amplification fingerprinting.

The genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships in a representative sample of Chinese sweetpotato collection were assessed using the DNA amplification fingerprinting approach. DNA fingerprint profiles were developed for all 42 accessions tested. There were 19-26 bands for each accession and an average of 20.7 such bands were polymorphic. Chinese sweetpotato germplasm tested exhibited a high degree of genetic diversity. Phenetic analysis revealed five major clusters with the following components: (1) landraces from Guangdong Province, (2) landraces from Fujian province, (3) Chinese cultivars, (4) those closely related to Japanese sweetpotato cultivars, and (5) those closely related to the US sweetpotato cv. Nancy Hall. The genetic association observed between accessions was largely consistent with the known pedigree records. The DNA amplification fingerprinting may provide reliable insights into the domestication history of the sweetpotato crop and may be useful in germplasm enhancement.

Base Sequence↗