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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Catecholamine excretion and heart rate as factors of psychophysical stress in table tennis.

Table tennis, like tennis, squash and badminton, is a racket sport. All these sports have in common a rapid succession of mostly short-term maximal or submaximal efforts and short recovery phases. The goal of this paper is to investigate the psychophysical stress in table tennis by means of the stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. The catecholamines were determined from urine samples. 16 Austrian top-level table tennis players were examined. There were 8 female and 8 male players in this group. The catecholamine excretion at rest (R), training (TR), practice competition (PC), competition (C) and treadmill ergometry (TE) are indicated in ng/min of collecting time. When the group is divided according to sex, we find marked differences in the catecholamine release. While the epinephrine excretion during and after training and practice competition is basically the same, it is lower during and after treadmill ergometry and higher after competition. The same result was found with respect to norepinephrine excretion. The ratio between norepinephrine and epinephrine was 4:1 at rest and during and after treadmill ergometry, 6:1 during and after training, 5:1 during and after the practice competition and 2:1 during and after the competition. The investigation showed that a table tennis competition puts high stress on the player. The mental component should therefore receive much more importance in order to keep the stress low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Elite athletes' sensitivity to context: the case of a change in scoring system in table tennis.

3 elite table tennis players' streams of actions during international matches were compared under the old scoring system (3 winning sets of 21 points) and the new (4 winning sets of 11 points). The organization of actions changed under the new system, with the relative duration of exploration activity becoming shorter than that of execution activity. These results indicate that elite performance in table tennis is characterized by the athletes' close attunement to elements of context--in this case, the scoring system--for the organization of their actions.

Environment↗
PubMed1979

A table tennis glove for tetraplegics.

A new table tennis glove to enable a tetraplegic to hold a table tennis bat is described and discussed. It is much easier to apply than to bandage the bat to the hand.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Control of striking velocity by table tennis players.

This study investigated how 7 skilled table tennis players controlled velocity of a forehand drive stroke when the ball's trajectory, velocity, and spin were modified. They hit a target in response to balls launched under four different conditions. The relative and absolute times used in the backswing phase showed no significant differences among conditions. When subjects hit fastballs, there was a significant change in the time required for them to reach the peak of velocity in the forward swing phase. In addition, players decreased the velocity of their strokes to hit fast-approaching balls. These results indicate that highly skilled table tennis players need to adjust the striking velocity and striking time (relative and absolute) required to reach the peak of velocity in the forward swing phase for these task modifications. Since they used slower movement velocities to hit faster-approaching balls, skilled table tennis players may override this speed-coupling process.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Osteochondritis dissecans of the lateral humeral condyle in a table tennis player.

The case of a table tennis player suffering from intra-articular loose bodies of the elbow is reported. The patient developed the first signs of osteochondritis dissecans of the right lateral humeral condyle at age 16 but underwent surgery only 6 yr later. He has now resumed training and competition, despite some residual stiffness due to early osteoarthritis. This is the first case of osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow ascribed to this sport. It was probably due to repetitive valgus compressive stresses at the radiocapitellar joint during the forced movements imposed by high-level table tennis in a young athlete.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

An adjustable table tennis bat and grip system for tetraplegics.

A table tennis bat and gripping system has been devised which can be used by people who are tetraplegic who are unable to hold the bat unassisted. The multi-positional head of the bat allows the user to alter the bat angle with respect to the hand whilst an elasticated glove ensures the bat is held firmly in place allowing the player access to a greater range of playing shots. The system has been used successfully to introduce recently injured players to the game, and has also been used by a British ranked tetraplegic table tennis player. It is suitable for general, rehabilitative or competition use.

Hand↗
PubMed1995

Biomarkers of exposure to organic solvents from glues used in table tennis bats.

In nine samples of the glues used to glue rubber onto the table tennis bats, benzene, toluene, xylene, trichloroethene (TRI) and tetrachloroethene (TETRA) were determined by head-space gas chromatography. The analyses demonstrated the presence of benzene (1.8-4.8% (w/w)), toluene (0.32-33.90% (w/w)) and TRI (0.0006-0.280% (w/w)) in seven samples and of toluene only (22.50-67.20% (w/w)) in two samples. Xylene and TETRA were not detected in any of the glue samples analysed. Benzene, toluene and TRI in blood, as a measure of body burden, were determined in four table tennis players (aged 11-14 years) and five volunteers (aged 26-38 years). They were at the same level as in the general population. The aim of the study was to draw attention to the possibility of exposure to organic solvents from glues used in table tennis bats, particularly as it is very often a question of child exposure.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2004

Validity of specific motor skills in predicting table-tennis performance in novice players.

An experiment assessed whether novice table-tennis players' ball-balancing and bouncing skills could predict their performances after a semester of being coached. A pretest-posttest design was used to test this hypothesis with 82 male and 77 female physical education students who initially performed the skills and subsequently participated in a round-robin tournament. Moderate negative but significant (p<.01) Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients were obtained between some of the ball control skills scores and overall ranking in the table-tennis tournament.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Mental rehearsal in table tennis performance.

Effects of mental rehearsal were assessed on two measures of table tennis performance, counterattack forehand and counterattack backhand. Mental rehearsal combined with observational and physical techniques (N = 40) appeared to improve table tennis performance both qualitatively and quantitatively. Correlations suggested mental training effects cannot be explained only in terms of visual imagery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Real-time interaction with a humanoid avatar in an immersive table tennis simulation.

In this paper, we report on the realization of an immersive table tennis simulation. After describing the hardware necessities of our system, we give insight into different aspects of the simulation. In particular, the developed methods for collision detection and physical simulation are presented. The design of the virtual opponent is of crucial importance to realize an enjoyable game. Therefore, we report on the implemented game strategy and the animation of the opponent. Since table tennis is one of the fastest sports, the synchronization of the human player's movements and the visual output on the projection wall is a very challenging problem to solve. To overcome the latencies in our system, we designed a prediction method that allows high speed interaction with our application.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1999

[Stress fracture of the ulna in a table tennis player].

This case report describes a stress fracture of the ulna in a 26-year-old professional table-tennis player. X-ray films remained negative so that the diagnostic is based on MRT. This stress fracture is caused by changing the intensity of training and changing the table-tennis-racket.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Structure of expert players' activity during competitive interaction in table tennis.

This study analyzed the activity of expert table tennis players during a match, in reference to course of action theory (Theureau, 1992). Matches were videotaped, and the players' verbalizations as they viewed the tapes were collected a posteriori. The data was analyzed by (a) transcribing the players' actions and verbalizations, (b) decomposing their activity into elementary units of meaning, and (c) grouping the elementary units into larger sets. The results showed that the matches began with an inquiry into the specific features of the opponent's play. This was followed by reproducing the actions identified as effective during the inquiry. The results are discussed in relation to the role of training in expert performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Uncertainty and visual strategies in table tennis.

Ball games are characterized by perceptual uncertainty and time-pressure. Of interest is the visual-search pattern carried out when these characteristics change. This is the case in table-tennis situations when comparing a drill situation, when one kind of stroke is constantly repeated, and a match situation, when the stroke is more often unpredictable. We analysed, during play, the visual-search pattern of five expert table tennis players to examine the effect of uncertainty on visual behavior. Direction of gaze was recorded by a video-oculographic recorder (NAC Eye Mark Recorder IV). Analysis showed that (i) visual fixations towards opponent player were only systematic in a match contrary to drill where they occurred less frequently. (ii) Whatever the situation, only the first part of the ball's trajectory was visually tracked. This occurred immediately after the opponent's release of the ball. Nevertheless, visual tracking was more frequent and of longer duration in a match. (iii) Analysis of motor behavior showed that the duration of the movement preparation was longer in a match while the duration of the execution phase was unchanged.

Eye Movements↗
PubMed2005

Improving the 'how' and 'what' decisions of elite table tennis players.

Training methods in sport usually focus on improving either technical or tactical aspects of performance, ignoring the fact that successful performance requires the athlete to simultaneously decide what movement to perform and how it should be executed. Young elite table tennis players were trained, in a first phase, to improve their forehand and backhand movements and, in a second phase, to make a tactical switch between forehand and backhand movements. Half of the players took part in behavioral training focusing on how to perform the required movements, whereas half received additional video feedback about their technical and tactical performance (decision training). The results indicate that improvements of how decisions (techniques) and what decisions (tactics) can occur as a consequence of combining technical and tactical training. These results were stable in delayed Post-test analyses of competitive matches. It was concluded that a combination of both technical and tactical training is beneficial to elite table tennis performers, particularly during early seasonal training programs.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Stress fracture of the ulna in a female table tennis tournament player.

A stress fracture of the diaphyseal ulna occurred in a 19-year-old female competitive table tennis player with a history of secondary amenorrhea. Stress fractures are one of more common problems occurring in vigorous sports. Stress fractures of the ulna can result from any repeated forearm flexor muscle activity. In our case stress was caused by increased athletic activity by additional training twice a day six times a week starting eighth weeks before first signs of pain and by rhythmic repeated submaximal work load in a new job additional to training. Physical training is often associated with menstrual irregularity. Hormonal factors were known for six months. Spontaneous onset of pain in women and previous history of amenorrhea should include stress fractures as differential diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Head, eye and arm coordination in table tennis.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of head, eye and arm movements during the execution of a table tennis forehand stroke. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of line-of-gaze, arm and ball was used to describe visual and motor behaviour. Skilled and less skilled participants returned the ball to cued right or left target areas under three levels of temporal constraint: pre-, early- and late-cue conditions. In the pre- and early-cue conditions, both high and low skill participants tracked the ball early in flight and kept gaze stable on a location in advance of the ball before ball-bat contact. Skilled participants demonstrated an earlier onset of ball tracking and recorded higher performance accuracy than less skilled counterparts. The manipulation of cue condition showed the limits of adaptation to maintain accuracy on the target. Participants were able to accommodate the constraints imposed by the early-cue condition by using a shorter quiet eye duration, earlier quiet eye offset and reduced arm velocity at contact. In the late-cue condition, modifications to gaze, head and arm movements were not sufficient to preserve accuracy. The findings highlight the functional coupling between perception and action during time-constrained, goal-directed actions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The application of co-ordination dynamics to the analysis of discrete movements using table-tennis as a paradigm skill.

The purpose of this experiment was to explore the application of co-ordination dynamics to the analysis of discrete rather than cyclical movements. Subjects, standing in a fixed position, were required to return table-tennis balls delivered to different spatial locations in the direction of a fixed target. This was achieved in condition 1 by systematically scaling, from left to right and vice versa, the 'spatial location' of the ball-identified as a control parameter. In condition 2, the control condition, the spatial location was varied randomly over the same range. The changes between regimes of the stroke co-ordination pattern, defined at two different levels, (1) organisational--forehand or backhand drive. and (2) kinematic-the distance of the bat at ball-bat contact relative to the leading edge of the table, were identified as collective variables, the values of which changed spontaneously at the transition points exposed by the control parameter. The switch between regimes was shown to be dependent upon the direction of scaling, i.e. a hysteresis effect was identified in both conditions. These findings confirm that the conceptual and methodological frameworks of co-ordination dynamics can be applied, appropriately, to the analysis of discrete movements. Moreover, it would seem that control parameter values (spatial location of the ball) do not necessarily have to be scaled in a systematic way in order to produce the required effects.

Adult↗