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Results for “targeted resequencing”

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PubMed2025

Multivariate Effects of SNPs on Environmental Streptococcal Mastitis Evaluated With an NGS-Based Association Study Using Targeted Resequencing in the Bovine MHC Region.

Mastitis is an inflammatory reaction caused by bacterial infection of the teat, and a relationship between its onset and cattle major histocompatibility complex (BoLA) region has been reported. However, no comprehensive genetic analysis of mastitis caused by environmental streptococci has been reported. Here, we resequenced the BoLA region using a hybridisation capture target next-generation sequencing (NGS) method to identify disease susceptibility markers mapped to the BoLA region in environmental streptococcal mastitis. This study examined 75 cows with mastitis caused by environmental streptococci selected from 1641 cows with mastitis and 222 healthy cows without mastitis in Japan. Targeted sequences obtained from MiSeq NGS were aligned to the bovine reference genome (ARS-UCD1.2/bosTau9), and 2,920,355 variants were detected within the BoLA region of the 297 Holstein cattle. In an association study using 2264 variants after quality control, the top 20 variants with the lowest P values were selected and assigned to the 18 surrounding candidate genes, and a gene network analysis of these genes resulted in the narrowing down of five candidate genes POU5F1, IER3, GNL1, ABCF1, and PRR3. Multivariate effect analysis of all 6 SNPs associated with these 5 genes revealed that they were significantly correlated with mastitis, indicating that they were useful for classification of mastitis-resistant and mastitis-susceptible cattle. This is the first report to identify SNPs associated with environmental streptococcal mastitis with an NGS-based association study using targeted resequencing in the BoLA region, and understanding host factors may provide important clues for mastitis control.

Animals↗

PubMed2024

SJPedPanel: A Pan-Cancer Gene Panel for Childhood Malignancies to Enhance Cancer Monitoring and Early Detection.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to design a pan-cancer gene panel for childhood malignancies and validate it using clinically characterized patient samples. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In addition to 5,275 coding exons, SJPedPanel also covers 297 introns for fusions/structural variations and 7,590 polymorphic sites for copy-number alterations. Capture uniformity and limit of detection are determined by targeted sequencing of cell lines using dilution experiment. We validate its coverage by in silico analysis of an established real-time clinical genomics (RTCG) cohort of 253 patients. We further validate its performance by targeted resequencing of 113 patient samples from the RTCG cohort. We demonstrate its power in analyzing low tumor burden specimens using morphologic remission and monitoring samples. RESULTS: Among the 485 pathogenic variants reported in RTCG cohort, SJPedPanel covered 86% of variants, including 82% of 90 rearrangements responsible for fusion oncoproteins. In our targeted resequencing cohort, 91% of 389 pathogenic variants are detected. The gene panel enabled us to detect ∼95% of variants at allele fraction (AF) 0.5%, whereas the detection rate is ∼80% at AF 0.2%. The panel detected low-frequency driver alterations from morphologic leukemia remission samples and relapse-enriched alterations from monitoring samples, demonstrating its power for cancer monitoring and early detection. CONCLUSIONS: SJPedPanel enables the cost-effective detection of clinically relevant genetic alterations including rearrangements responsible for subtype-defining fusions by targeted sequencing of ∼0.15% of human genome for childhood malignancies. It will enhance the analysis of specimens with low tumor burdens for cancer monitoring and early detection.

Humans↗

PubMed2015

Evolutionary genomics of Culex pipiens: global and local adaptations associated with climate, life-history traits and anthropogenic factors.

We present the first genome-wide study of recent evolution in Culex pipiens species complex focusing on the genomic extent, functional targets and likely causes of global and local adaptations. We resequenced pooled samples of six populations of C. pipiens and two populations of the outgroup Culex torrentium. We used principal component analysis to systematically study differential natural selection across populations and developed a phylogenetic scanning method to analyse admixture without haplotype data. We found evidence for the prominent role of geographical distribution in shaping population structure and specifying patterns of genomic selection. Multiple adaptive events, involving genes implicated with autogeny, diapause and insecticide resistance were limited to specific populations. We estimate that about 5-20% of the genes (including several histone genes) and almost half of the annotated pathways were undergoing selective sweeps in each population. The high occurrence of sweeps in non-genic regions and in chromatin remodelling genes indicated the adaptive importance of gene expression changes. We hypothesize that global adaptive processes in the C. pipiens complex are potentially associated with South to North range expansion, requiring adjustments in chromatin conformation. Strong local signature of adaptation and emergence of hybrid bridge vectors necessitate genomic assessment of populations before specifying control agents.

Adaptation, Biological↗

PubMed2026

Landscape Genomics Reveals Divergent Adaptation Modes and Predicts Climate Vulnerability in Xinjiang Indigenous Sheep.

Climate change increasingly endangers precious indigenous sheep germplasm resources distributed across diverse Chinese landscapes, and systematically decoding their polygenic climate-adaptive genetic mechanisms is essential for targeted breed conservation and long-term sustainable pastoral production. Whole-genome resequencing data from 93 individuals covering six representative local sheep breeds were analyzed in this work. After filtering highly collinear climate variables, three mature landscape genomic approaches were jointly applied to identify environment-linked gene variants, while two predictive metrics across ten CMIP6 future climate scenarios quantified each breed's long-term adaptive risks. Six temperature- and water-related environmental factors jointly drove sheep population genetic differentiation, with temperature fluctuation indices showing markedly stronger explanatory power. Detected adaptive genes were significantly enriched in ion transport, energy metabolism and cellular stress response pathways. Future projections indicated western breeds (Bayinbuluke, Cele Black, Xiahe) face severe maladaptation risks under high-emission SSP370 scenarios by 2100, whereas central and eastern breeds possess much broader climate tolerance. This study systematically reveals the core genomic basis of ovine climate adaptation and quantifies distinct breed-specific climate vulnerability, providing solid reliable theoretical support for precision germplasm conservation and selective breeding of climate-resilient sheep varieties.

adaptive loci↗

PubMed2025

Innovations in Transgene Integration Analysis: A Comprehensive Review of Enrichment and Sequencing Strategies in Biotechnology.

Understanding the integration of transgene DNA (T-DNA) in transgenic crops, animals, and clinical applications is paramount for ensuring the stability and expression of inserted genes, which directly influence desired traits and therapeutic outcomes. Analyzing T-DNA integration patterns is essential for identifying potential unintended effects and evaluating the safety and environmental implications of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This knowledge is crucial for regulatory compliance and fostering public trust in biotechnology by demonstrating transparency in genetic modifications. This review highlights recent advancements in T-DNA integration analysis, specifically focusing on targeted DNA enrichment and sequencing strategies. We examine key technologies, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods, hybridization capture, RNA/DNA-guided endonuclease-mediated enrichment, and high-throughput resequencing, emphasizing their contributions to enhancing precision and efficiency in transgene integration analysis. We discuss the principles, applications, and recent developments in these techniques, underscoring their critical role in advancing biotechnological products. Additionally, we address the existing challenges and future directions in the field, offering a comprehensive overview of how innovative DNA-targeted enrichment and sequencing strategies are reshaping biotechnology and genomics.

Transgenes↗

PubMed2026

Genomic insights into natural selection in recent human history.

For over a century, scientists have debated the extent to which genetic and phenotypic variation among present-day humans is the result of natural selection - in which heritable traits influence survival or reproduction - versus neutral processes such as genetic drift or population history. The initial sequencing of the human genome and subsequent population resequencing studies enabled genome-scale searches for signatures of selection in present-day genomes. This first generation of genome-wide selection scans identified many targets but left open questions about the timing and nature of selection, making it challenging to identify environmental and biological drivers. Recent methodological advances based on reconstructing ancestral recombination graphs have increased the potential power and resolution of selection scans based on present-day genomes, while the availability of new data on ancient DNA has facilitated the direct reconstruction of genetic change through time. However, there is little consensus on how to use these data to detect and interpret signatures of selection, while avoiding confounders. Here, we review the current state of knowledge about the impact of selection on human genomic diversity and highlight conceptual advances in our understanding of human evolution over the past 10,000 years.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2025

Biogeographic Structure and Mitonuclear Discordance Reveal Cryptic Diversity in Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii).

Forage fishes are biological drivers throughout the Pacific Ocean, from the Arctic to nearly subtropical latitudes. As a critical trophic link, the health and stability of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) populations have implications for other marine species, including several targeted by large, productive fisheries. Previous research has indicated marked divergence between Pacific herring in the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. Seeking to localize this biogeographic break, we generated low-coverage whole genome resequencing data for 120 Pacific herring from seven sites across the northern Gulf of Alaska and the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands. Single nucleotide polymorphisms across the mitogenome (267) and nuclear genome (~5.6 million) corroborate a biogeographic break in Pacific herring along the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands, as far west as Unalaska. We identified two distinct populations: one exists along the northern coasts of the Aleutian Islands and in the eastern Bering Sea; the other occupies the southern edge of the Aleutians and the Gulf of Alaska. Two mitochondrial haplogroups co-occurring across the Gulf of Alaska suggest secondary contact between two populations, likely representing glacial refugia. Our results underscore the importance of geological events to contextualize the diversification of forage fish species.

Bering Sea↗

PubMed2026

Mining of important genetic loci and evaluation of genetic effects for growth traits in Baicheng You Chicken.

The Baicheng You Chicken is a precious indigenous breed in Xinjiang, China, prized for its strong disease and stress resistance and superior meat quality. However, the lack of scientific breeding and conservation has led to poor production performance, particularly in growth traits. In this study, we collected phenotypic and whole-genome resequencing data from 1,535 18-week-old Baicheng You Chickens (180 males and 1,355 females). After stringent quality control (SNP call rate > 95%, minor allele frequency > 1%), we constructed the breed's first comprehensive SNP-based genome-wide variation map, which comprised 2,020,743 high-quality SNPs across the genome. The filtered SNPs had high mapping quality (99.73% mapped to the bGalGal1.mat.broiler.GRCg7b reference genome, Q30 = 93.26%) and a reasonable Ti/Tv ratio (2.596), guaranteeing the reliability of subsequent analyses. We estimated genetic effects (SNP-based heritability and phenotypic variance explained (PVE) by individual loci) via the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method, and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a mixed linear model (MLM) - with sex as a fixed effect and principal components to correct for population stratification - to identify significant loci and their effect sizes (Beta). All eight growth traits showed moderate to high heritability: body weight (BW) had the highest heritability (0.86±0.11), while chest width (CW, 0.41±0.08) and body slanting length (BSL, 0.43±0.09) were the lowest; keel length (KL), chest girth (CG), pelvic width (PW), chest depth (CD) and shank length (SL) had heritabilities of 0.50±0.09, 0.46±0.09, 0.54±0.09, 0.67±0.10 and 0.74±0.10, respectively. GWAS identified 145 significant SNPs, with a maximum Beta value of 0.39 and PVE ranging from 1.25% to 6.25%. We annotated 22 candidate genes, with TAPT1, IGF2BP1, ADGRB3, LDB2, NCAPG and LCORL as key candidates. These quantifiable genetic markers and effect estimates provide direct targets for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and valuable resources for future genomic selection (GS) programs, offering a practical approach to improve the breed's slow growth while preserving its unique meat quality.

Baicheng You Chicken↗

PubMed2025

Genomic insights into the population history of fat-tailed sheep and identification of two mutations that contribute to fat tail adipogenesis.

INTRODUCTION: Since their domestication, domestic sheep (Ovis aries) have been culturally and economically significant farming animals worldwide. Fat-tailed sheep serve as a unique genetic resource for understanding adipogenesis and adaptive evolution in livestock. OBJECTIVES: Several genomic analyses have been conducted on various sheep breeds to elucidate the genome and regulation mechanism of the fat tail trait, prior genomic studies have failed to reconcile conflicting evidence about the genetic basis of tail morphology, particularly regarding the roles of PDGFD and BMP2. METHODS: Here, we conducted whole-genome resequencing of 283 sheep, encompassing 66 domestic breeds and 5 wild ovine species, to investigate the domestication history and selection signatures of fat-tailed sheep. Additionally, we performed transcriptome sequencing on adipose tissue to identify differentially expressed genes and cellular assays to validate these results. RESULTS: Demographic analysis revealed that domestic sheep descended from Asiatic mouflon and fat-tailed sheep began to diverge from thin-tailed sheep approximately 4.4-7.5 thousand years ago in East Asia. Chinese indigenous sheep were classified into Mongolian, Kazakh, Tibetan, and Yunnan populations. The Yunnan population may have experienced more recent genetic introgression from wild species, rather than an independent domestication event. Moreover, many potential regions associated with the fat-tailed phenotype (DDI1, PDGFD, and BMP2) were identified by selective sweep and genome-wide association analyses. Additionally, a fine-scale analysis of fat-tailed and thin-tailed sheep revealed two novel mutations: a G/A missense variant of PDGFD (Chr15: 3900312) and a C/T missense variant of BMP2 (Chr13: 48462350), both of which were significantly associated with tail adiposity. Functional validation demonstrated that mutant A-PDGFD significantly activated PFGFD expression and reduced fat deposition compared to wildtype. The C-BMP2 mutant activated BMP2 expression and promoted preadipocyte fat deposition. CONCLUSION: Our study provides the first evidence that these genes jointly regulate fat tail development through complementary mechanisms: PDGFD promotes adipose expansion, whereas BMP2 modulates energy partitioning. These findings offer new insights into the evolutionary history of fat-tailed sheep and identify potential targets for precision breeding in small ruminants.

Animals↗

PubMed2025

Genome-wide association study reveals that TaODORANT1 negatively contributes to thousand grain weight by affecting starch synthesis in wheat.

Thousand grain weight (TGW) is one of the most important factors that control grain weight and crop yield. To date, dozens of wheat genes related to TGW have been isolated; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms governing grain development in wheat (Triticum aestivum) remain largely unknown. Benefiting from whole-genome resequencing and genome-wide association study, we identified an R2R3-type myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor, TaODORANT1, which was tightly associated with TGW. TaODORANT1 was specifically and highly expressed during the wheat grain developing stage. Knockout of TaODORANT1 led to an increase in TGW and starch content, as well as affected the expression of starch synthesis-related genes. Loss of function of TaODORANT1 altered the molecular structure and physiochemical properties of grain starch. Haplotype analysis showed that favorable Hap IV of TaODORANT1-A and favorable Hap I of TaODORANT1-B were significantly associated with the production of larger grains and higher TGW, respectively. Moreover, TaODORANT1 was a crucial targeted gene continuously selected in wheat domestication and breeding, and its orthologous genes might have retained similar functions in response to grain development. Our results highlight the importance of TaODORANT1 in affecting TGW, presenting potential targets for improving yield in wheat.

Triticum↗

PubMed2025

Harnessing Landscape Genomics to Evaluate Genomic Vulnerability and Future Climate Resilience in an East Asia Perennial.

In this era of rapid climate change, understanding the adaptive potential of organisms is imperative for buffering biodiversity loss. Genomic forecasting provides invaluable insights into population vulnerability and adaptive potential under diverse climatic conditions, thereby facilitating management interventions and bolstering shaping species-specific germplasm conservation strategies. We primarily employed landscape genomics approaches, leveraging single-nucleotide polymorphisms obtained through whole-genome resequencing of 201 individuals across 43 Rheum palmatum complex populations, to pinpoint adaptive variation and its significance in the context of future climates, delineate seed zones, and establish guidelines for ex situ germplasm conservation. The species complex exhibited strong signatures of local adaptation and differential genomic vulnerabilities across its distribution range, with eastern lineage populations facing significant maladaptation risks under future climate scenarios. Using diverse datasets of putatively adaptive loci and climate change scenarios, we delineated three distinct seed zones within the species' range, estimated varying sample sizes per zone to capture most adaptive diversity, and predicted shifts in seed zone centroids ranging from 48.3 to 359.3 km from historical distributions to mitigate climate change impacts. Collectively, our findings underscore the importance of integrating genomic and environmental data to forecast the adaptive trajectory of an East Asian perennial under anticipated climate changes, guide seed zone delineation for germplasm conservation and enhance population resilience. These results provide a blueprint for designing targeted conservation strategies and restoration plans in other imperilled species.

Climate Change↗

PubMed2026

Integrated multi-omics analysis of fluoroquinolone tolerance mechanisms induced by enrofloxacin in Pasteurella multocida.

BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has been rising at an alarming rate, posing a serious threat to both human and animal health. However, the mechanisms by which bacteria acquire antibiotic tolerance and subsequently develop resistance remain incompletely understood. METHODS: In this study, Pasteurella multocida, a common pathogen in the animal husbandry industry, was exposed to enrofloxacin, and genome resequencing, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses were performed to elucidate the adaptive mechanisms of P. multocida under fluoroquinolone-induced stress. RESULTS: Compared with the wild-type strain, the enrofloxacin-tolerant strain exhibited an extended lag phase, a prolonged logarithmic phase, reduced sensitivity to polymyxin B, reduced biofilm formation, and an elongated cellular morphology. Multi-omics analysis revealed a deletion in the dusB gene of the tolerant strain, resulting in a truncated non-functional protein. The deletion of dusB enhanced tolerance by prolonging the lag phase and reducing the growth rate. Moreover, the expression of genes in the CAMP pathway was up-regulated, and deletion of cpxR further promoted tolerance by modulating ribosome-associated genes. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated activation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle during tolerance development. CONCLUSION: This study identified dusB and cpxR as key genes mediating enrofloxacin tolerance in P. multocida, elucidated the association between the antibiotic tolerance, growth, and gene expression, and may provide potential targets for future strategies aimed at limiting tolerance-associated resistance development.

Enrofloxacin↗

PubMed2026

Functional characterization of lncIMF_17214 in regulating intramuscular fat deposition of yellow-feathered broilers.

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content and lipid composition are key determinants of both the nutritional value and sensory attributes of poultry meat, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain insufficiently elucidated. In this study, triglyceride (TG) content was employed as a quantitative phenotypic proxy to dissect the molecular basis of IMF deposition in yellow-feathered broilers. By integrating TG phenotypic data from 315 individuals with transcriptomic profiles and whole-genome resequencing datasets, a TG-associated long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), lncIMF_17214, was identified. Functional characterization revealed that lncIMF_17214 functions as a negative regulator of lipid deposition. Specifically, its knockdown led to significant increases in TG and total cholesterol concentrations, promoted lipid droplet accumulation, and decreased shear force in breast muscle, whereas its overexpression elicited the opposite effects. Mechanistically, lncIMF_17214 interacts with the RNA-binding protein CNBP, forming a regulatory complex that inhibits lipid accumulation. Furthermore, liver-directed overexpression increased the abundance of lncIMF_17214 in plasma exosomes, while liver-directed manipulation was associated with changes in hepatic and breast-muscle lipid deposition; direct exosome-mediated transfer to intramuscular adipocytes remains to be established. Transcriptomic profiling coupled with pathway enrichment analyses demonstrated that lncIMF_17214 predominantly influences steroid biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways. This suggests that it may be involved in the regulation of these pathways, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. Collectively, these findings define a lncIMF_17214-centered regulatory axis linking intracellular and systemic lipid metabolism and provide a robust molecular framework for the targeted improvement of meat quality traits in yellow-feathered broilers.

Breast muscle↗

PubMed2026

Identification and characterization of PsFwC9 conferring Fusarium wilt resistance in pea.

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the most important edible legumes in China, with both planting area and total yield ranking among the highest in the world. Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi (Fop), is a severe factor limiting pea production. The deployment of resistant pea cultivars is the most effective and sustainable strategy for controlling this disease. In the present study, a novel resistance gene PsFwC9, conferring resistance to Fop race 5, was identified in the resistant pure line Chengwan 9-8 (CW9-8), and its candidate gene Psat4g213640 was characterized and functionally validated to be associated with disease resistance. Genetic analysis of the F₂ population derived from the cross between the resistant parent CW9-8 and the susceptible parent Chengwan 9-1 (CW9-1) revealed that PsFwC9 was controlled by a single dominant gene. Based on whole-genome resequencing, bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and fine mapping, PsFwC9 was localized to an 817.06-kb region on chromosome 4 (i.e. linkage group IV, chr4LG4), flanked by KASP markers A016508 and A016511, and co-segregated with four markers. Haplotype analysis revealed that only the marker A016615 was significantly associated with Fusarium wilt resistance, and this marker was designated as a diagnostic marker for PsFwC9. Marker A016615 was located at 425 699 725 bp on chr4LG4, corresponding to the 277 bp within Psat4g213640, where a 'A/G' single-nucleotide polymorphism caused an amino acid substitution leading to an alteration in protein structure; therefore, Psat4g213640 was identified as the PsFwC9 candidate gene. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed no significant difference in the expression levels of Psat4g213640 between CW9-8 and CW9-1. Overexpression of the candidate gene Psat4g213640CW9-8 in the hairy root system significantly enhanced the resistance of CW9-1 to Fusarium wilt, whereas RNA interference-mediated silencing of Psat4g213640CW9-8 reduced the resistance of CW9-8, indicating that Psat4g213640CW9-8 played a crucial role in pea resistance to Fusarium wilt. In addition, subcellular localization showed that the protein encoded by Psat4g213640 was targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum. Collectively, these findings not only enriched the gene resources for disease resistance in pea and provided an important foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism of PsFwC9-mediated resistance, but also provided important technical support for the practical application of molecular breeding for disease resistance in pea.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses identify key regulators of skin pigmentation in Larimichthys crocea.

The yellow body coloration of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) constitutes a crucial economic trait, yet its underlying genetic regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study systematically elucidated the molecular basis of body color variation by integrating genome resequencing and skin transcriptome analyses, combined with the contextual analysis of key pigmentation-related genes and phenotypic histological validation. 200 phenotyped individuals (including yellow-selected lines, F1 progeny, and normal control groups, all derived from a well-characterized aquaculture stock) identified 39 significantly associated SNPs (-log₁₀(P) ≥ 6), mapping to multiple candidate genes. These genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to pigment deposition (GO:0033059), melanosome organization (GO:0032438), melanogenesis, and tyrosine metabolism. Cross-developmental stage transcriptome analysis revealed 2395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Multi-omics integration identified eight overlapping candidate genes, including tyrp1, slc45a2, oca2, and dgat2, among which tyrp1 was prioritized for in-depth validation based on its core regulatory role in eumelanin synthesis, significant SNP association signal, and consistent downregulation in transcriptomic data. Experimental validation demonstrated that the g.895C > T mutation in exon 2 of tyrp1b was strongly significantly associated with the yellow phenotype: the frequency of mutant genotypes (TT/CT) reached 92.86%in the yellow-selected group, whereas the control group exclusively exhibited the wild-type genotype (CC). qPCR confirmed significantly downregulated tyrp1b expression in the skin of yellow individuals, consistent with the transcriptome trend. Histological and stereomicroscopic observations of skin tissues further validated the physiological basis of the yellow phenotype, revealing a significant reduction in melanophore number and abnormal melanosome morphology in yellow-phenotype individuals, accompanied by increased xanthophore density. These results suggest that tyrp1b mutation is strongly associated with the yellow phenotype. However, the presence of a wild-type CC individual in the yellow group indicates that this mutation is not strictly required for yellow coloration, suggesting that other genetic or environmental factors may also contribute to the phenotype, Additionally, downregulation of the carotenoid metabolism gene bco2 coupled with upregulation of xdh, together with the functional changes of slc45a2 and oca2, may synergistically promote xanthophore pigment deposition, contributing to the yellow phenotype. As melanin synthesis in large yellow croaker relies on the conserved tyrosinase pathway and transporter proteins, mutations in associated genes (tyrp1b, slc45a2, oca2) represent a primary underlying cause for the loss of melanin-based coloration and transition to a yellow phenotype in L. crocea. These findings provide key molecular targets and a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of body color in this species, and also enrich the understanding of xanthism regulatory mechanisms in teleosts.

Animals↗