[The state of tumor prevention--results of a territorial analysis].
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Breast Neoplasms↗
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Results for “territorial analysis”
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[Graded territorial system in protein analysis].
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Blood Proteins↗
Global, regional, and national prevalence of second-hand smoke and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.
BACKGROUND: Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure remains a major source of morbidity and mortality among non-smokers. This study presents the first dedicated Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) publication to systematically quantify SHS prevalence and evaluate its effect as a global risk factor across a broader range of outcomes. METHODS: Using the GBD 2023 comparative risk assessment framework, we estimated SHS exposure prevalence and attributable disease burden across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023, stratified by age and sex. Exposure estimates were derived by synthesising population-based surveys and household composition data through spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks for nine health outcomes, now including asthma, were estimated using the Burden of Proof methodology, and applied to calculate attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). FINDINGS: In 2023, an estimated 2·71 billion (95% UI 2·44-3·02) people worldwide were exposed to SHS, including 767 million (687-858) children aged 0-14 years. Age-standardised prevalence was highest in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (48·4% [44·0-53·4]), with female individuals in some countries experiencing nearly 1·8 times the exposure prevalence of male individuals. Despite a 22·2% (10·6-32·4) decline in global age-standardised prevalence since 1990, this progress has not been sufficient to reduce the absolute number of exposed individuals, which has remained stable globally and has risen sharply in sub-Saharan Africa (98·5% [62·0-144·4] increase) and North Africa and the Middle East (72·1% [47·8-101·8] increase). In 2023, SHS exposure accounted for 1·66 million (1·33-2·07) deaths and 44·8 million (35·8-54·3) DALYs globally. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading contributor to SHS-attributable DALYs (12·0 million [9·31-15·2]) overall, while lower respiratory infections predominated among children (5·16 million [3·48-7·12]). INTERPRETATION: We estimated that SHS remains a substantial driver of global health loss, particularly through cardiovascular and paediatric respiratory diseases. Persistent geographical disparities and growing absolute numbers of exposed individuals in several regions underscore the urgent need for accelerated implementation and enforcement of comprehensive tobacco control measures, particularly to protect women and children in both public and domestic environments. FUNDING: Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Gates Foundation.
Journal Article↗
Temporal Trends and Spatial Variation in Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes: A Population-Based Study.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the temporal trends in Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) in metropolitan France and the geographical distribution at the administrative division level. DESIGN: Exploratory population-based study using administrative data of the French National Health Data System. SETTING: Metropolitan France, 2015 to 2023. POPULATION: Pregnancy with a diagnosis of PROM before 37 SA. METHODS: Annual crude incidence of PPROM was calculated by dividing the number of pregnancies with PPROM diagnosis by the number of live births recorded during the same period. Annual trend was estimated by a binomial negative mixed model. Smoothed standardised incidence ratios were estimated based on a BYM2 model, which accounts for spatial variability between departments. MAIN OUTCOME: PPROM cases, defined as pregnancies with first hospitalizations with a diagnosis of PROM before 37 weeks. RESULTS: Over the study period, we included 150 615 PPROM cases representing 16 735 (±596) per year. Incidence of PPROM cases showed an ascending trend over time (incidence rate ratio 1.023 per year; 95% CI: 1.017-1.030) with an annual crude incidence ranging from 2.2% in 2015 to 2.7% in 2023. A decrease in the incidence was observed in 2020 relative to other years (incidence rate ratio 0.903, 95% CI: 0.887-0.920). A map of smoothed SIRs of PPROM cases at the French administrative division level revealed geographical inequalities. CONCLUSIONS: This first population-based study describing PPROM cases in metropolitan France paves the way for further studies to explore environmental hypotheses. Identifying temporal and geographical disparities in PPROM incidence is relevant to public health policy and practice as such disparities argue for the development of targeted prevention strategies in high-risk areas.
French national health data system↗
Joint study of extracranial arterial occlusion. IX. Transient ischemic attacks in the carotid territory.
This prospective analysis of 79 patients with transient carotid ischemic attacks (TIAs) showed that only 15% of them subsequently had strokes causing serious disability or death. They were followed up from one to nine years. All had arteriography during initial evaluation. Most of the patients who suffered strokes had at least one additional risk factor for stroke, such as hypertension or a cardiac problem. Today it is probably impossible to collect data on the natural history of untreated TIAs, inasmuch as virtually all patients are receiving either specific medical or surgical therapy.
Age Factors↗
Robot-assisted versus manual percutaneous vascular interventions across vascular territories: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Robot-assisted percutaneous vascular intervention (R-PVI) has expanded beyond coronary procedures, but previous reviews were largely coronary-focused and observational. Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) warrant broader reassessment of R-PVI versus manual percutaneous vascular intervention (M-PVI) across vascular territories. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from database inception to January 31, 2026, following PRISMA guidelines. RCTs and observational studies including ≥10 adult patients in total were eligible. Comparative studies informed primary analyses, while single-arm studies provided supportive evidence. Primary outcomes were clinical success rate and major adverse cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events (MACE) rate. Secondary outcomes included mortality rate, technical success rate, procedural time metrics, contrast volume, and radiation exposure. Random-effects models were used. Forty studies were included: 3 RCTs, 10 comparative observational studies, and 27 single-arm observational studies, comprising 3,870 patients undergoing R-PVI and 1,142 undergoing M-PVI. Comparative analyses showed similar clinical success rates (RR 1.00, P = 0.46), MACE rates (RR 0.72, P = 0.43), and mortality. Single-arm pooled estimates for clinical and technical success were 98.76% and 96.09%, respectively. R-PVI prolonged total procedure time overall (MD 15.92 min, P = 0.01), with consistent increases in the neurovascular, RCT, and non-RCT subgroups. Fluoroscopy time was also longer (MD 1.91 min, P = 0.04), mainly in the RCT subgroup (MD 2.83 min, P = 0.001). In contrast, intravascular intervention time was unchanged overall and in RCTs, but was prolonged in non-RCTs (MD 8.72 min, P = 0.006). Operator radiation exposure was markedly reduced (MD -33.97 μSv, P < 0.001), whereas patient radiation exposure and contrast volume were similar. R-PVI appears feasible and safe across selected vascular procedures. Its clearest benefit is reduced operator radiation exposure, whereas lower whole-procedure efficiency remains its main limitation.
Humans↗
[Anatomopathological aspects of giant cell tumors of the bone].
The morphological study of Giant Cell Tumors of Bone collected at the Orthopaedic Department of C.H.U. Cochin, with high resolution radiography of macroscopical samples added to topographical cytology allows to report the following facts: --Mononuclear cells have cytonuclear criteria between histiocyte and fibroblast cells, quite apart from Chondroblastoma and Chondromyxoid fibroma. Cytological transitions are observed between mononuclear and giant cells. --Osteoid formation is usually connected with the lysis or the blow-up of the neighbouring cortex. Without secondary changes, collagenisation is reduced. --A vascular network is appearing between the cortex and the tumor, factor of some radiological evolutions, those aspects being nearly similar to aneurysmal bone cyst. --The grading of the tumour has no valuable architectural support ; mitotic activity is equally of no value for the assesment of a recurrence. Nuclear analysis with granular clumping of chromatin, thickening of the nuclear rim and increase in size and number of nucleoli was only a help to identify sarcomas. The latter are primary-associated with quiescent-appearing lesions or merging on multiple tumoral sampling. Giant cell sarcoma, except fibroblastic-like forms, can keep a differenciated cytology with frequent amitosis. --Tumor polymorphism is warrant of some histological pitfalls ; the most rewarding territories for the analysis are in the long bones the upper epiphyseal areas. Whereas, the frequency of secondary changes enhance the additional value of topographical inprint cytology for a correct morphological appraisal.
Bone Neoplasms↗
HLA Diversity of Over 500,000 Individuals on the DATRI Register Across 18 Regions in India.
Registries of unrelated stem cell donors can use HLA haplotype frequencies to aid in registry management. DATRI is India's largest registry with over 550,000 donors, with donors in 35 of India's 36 states and union territories. A geographical based analysis on HLA haplotype frequencies has not previously been carried out with an Indian dataset of this size. To balance granularity and accuracy in estimating 5-locus haplotype frequencies for HLA-A, -C, -B, -DRB1 and -DQB1, we grouped donors into 18 regions with a minimum population size of 2000 donors. We identified the most frequent haplotype as A*33:03-ARD~C*07:01-ARD~B*44:03-ARD~DRB1*07:01-ARD~DQB1*02:01-ARD in Odisha (6.09%), which was also the most frequent haplotype in nine other regions. Assigning the most likely diplotypes to donors, there were a total of 57,959 haplotypes and just 202 (0.3%) of those were present in all 18 regions. HLA-B had the greatest number of alleles across the whole dataset (559) and HLA-DQB1 the least (167). However, HLA-C displayed the most inter-region diversity with only 6.7% of HLA-C alleles present in all regions (average 9.5%). We clustered the regions, using Nei's standard genetic distance, and these correlated with geography; however, three regions (North India, Kerala, and the Gujarat area) did not fit into any cluster. These regions each had one or more distinctive haplotypes that were very frequent (≥ 0.5%) in that region alone. Additionally, the Gujarat area had the lowest diversity metrics. These data can be used to inform the management of registries and contribute to our understanding of HLA diversity globally.
Humans↗
Crown diameters of the deciduous teeth in Australian Aboriginals.
Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters were measured from dental casts representing the deciduous dentitions of 197 Aboriginal children from the Northern Territory of Australia. Double determination analysis indicated that the semi-automatic recording procedure used was reliable leading to observer errors of no practical significance. Tooth-size was greater in the male subjects but the sexual dimorphism was less marked than in the permanent teeth of the same subjects. The mandibular teeth were more uniform than maxillary with respect to buccolingual size relative to mesiodistal. Extremes of general tooth-size were more marked in the deciduous dentition than in the permanent as a consequence of the relatively large deciduous second molar which in Aboriginals approximates in size the permanent first molar of many other ethnic groups.
Australia↗
[Role of the aqueous factor in the epidemiology of dysentery].
Analysis of the dynamics and territorial distribution of bacterial dysentery morbidity during 1959-1973 in the Dagestan ASSR demonstrated that the epidemically unfavourable conditions were largely connected with the use of water in open water bodies for domestic purposes and swimming as well as a wide network of irrigation canals. Persistence of the water factor in the dysentery epidemiology was connected with the ever increasing contamination of water in open water bodies and neglect of sanitary-hygienic requirements of the water supply to population of pertinent and sanitary laws.
Dagestan↗
[Characteristics of the seasonal distribution of typhoid fever cases in different areas of the USSR].
The results of the monthly registration of typhoid cases in all union republics and in the USSR as a whole for the period of 1970--1976 were analyzed. The mathematical parameters of the monthyly distribution of morbidity rate under the influence of long-term factors for each union republic were determined. In analyzing actual morbidity rates for definite years these data may help determine to what extent such rates are influenced by incidental factors. Mathematical analysis allowed to divide the territory of the USSR into 5 groups of areas with different patterns of the seasonal distribution of typhoid cases: the RSFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Moldavian SSR, the Byelorussian SSR and the Soviet Baltic republics, the Transcaucasian republics, the republics of Central Asia and the Kazakh SSR. April was found to be the optimum time for the immunoprophylaxis of typhoid fever throughout the whole territory of the USSR in the presence of epidemiological indications.
Disease Outbreaks↗
The size-density hypothesis in Great Britain: analysis of a deviant case.
Recent studies have found size of territorial units to vary inversely with population density, the only exception to this regularity being Great Britain, where size and density were found to be unrelated. The present research accounts for this anomaly by demonstrating Britain's historical conformity to the size-density relation. The size-density hypothesis is further supported by direct test, made possible by a recent reorganization of british counties. Results show that reorganization has restored the expected inverse relation between size and density and has restructured the size and density of counties in a manner precisely specified by underlying theory.
Geography↗
Description and analysis of the arch display in the golden lion tamarin, Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia.
Three different arch displays are described in captive lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia) at the National Zoological Park. Analysis of social behaviours including huddling, sexual activity, territorial encounters and arch displays suggests that arch displaying is motivated by conflicting tendencies of a nonaggressive nature and may function as a regulator of social contact, thus maintaining homeostasis within and between a social group.
Animals↗
[From the analysis of the inadequacies of a 200-bed zonal hospital to an alternative proposal of a single general hospital to be used by the whole territory].
The adequacy of the hospital to meet patients' needs was analysed on the basis of patients admitted to the Medicine Division over a 6 month period. Critical discussion of the numerous deficiencies encountered shows: 1) that the small zonal hospital of 200 beds is inadequate to perform the tasks and function of modern medicine; 2) that, more generally, the hierarchical distinction still ruling in regional, provincial and zonal hospitals is anachronistic. The proposal for a single General Hospital for acute patients (available for the whole territory) is put forward and the relations of this new unit with out-patient structures are defined.
Health Planning↗
Heritability of permanent tooth size.
The aim of this investigation was to quantify the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences to the observed variability of permanent tooth size in a group of Australian Aboriginals. Tooth size data were obtained from dental casts of Aboriginals living at Yuendumu in the Northern Territory of Australia. The custom of polygyny practised by these people enabled the analysis of associations between full-siblings and half-siblings. Phenotypic variability of tooth size was partitioned into four variance components; between sides, between fathers, between mothers and between offspring. From these components, the relative genetic and environmental contributions were quantified and heritability estimates for tooth size derived. Additional estimates of heritability were obtained by regression analysis from a small sample of parent-offspring data. Results of the analyses suggested that about 64% of the total variability of permanent tooth size could be attributed to genetic factors, while a further 6% was due to common environment. Although the findings confirm a relatively strong genetic component, they emphasise the importance of non-genetic influences in the determination of tooth size variability.
Australia↗
Notes on the genetics of congenital glaucoma.
Relying on the analysis of 81 non-Gypsy families with congenital glaucoma from the entire territory of Slovakia, the authors discuss the share of the genetic component in the etiology of the disease. The characteristics of the families of this series resembled those of comparable series as far as the percentage of familial occurrence, the percentage of bilateral occurrence (73.56%), the percentage of parental consanguinity (4.87%) and in the prevalence of males with a ratio of 1.55:1 are concerned. The incidence of the disease in Slovakia varies around 1 per 22,000 live-born infants. In the non-Gypsy population of Slovakia, the authors assume a multifactorial etiology.
Consanguinity↗
[Analysis of the quality of clinical diagnosis from generalized findings of the pathologoanatomic service].
A statistical analysis of generalized data of the pathoanatomical service on quality of clinical diagnosis in curative-prophylactic institutions in 54 administrative territories of the RSFSR was carried out. The structure (extensive indices) and frequency (intensive indices)of erroneous clinical diagnoses referring to the most important classes of diseases were identified. As to the structure of indices and frequency of clinico-anatomic disparities the first place was occupied by oncological diseases (20.1+/-0.11 and 14.2+/-0.22%), the second--by infectious diseases (16.5+/-0.1 and 13.0+/-0.34%), the third--by diseases of the digestive system (14.6+/-0.09 and 13.0+/-0.33%), the forth--by diseases of the urogenital system (14.0+/-0.09 and 12.2+/-0.49%), the fifth--by disease of the respiratory system (12.7+/-0.09 and 10.6+/-0.24%), the sixth--by diseases of the cardiovascular system (11.1+/-0.08 and 8.0+/-0.14%). The recommendation is put forward to carry on annually a complex satistical analysis of extensive and intensive indices of erroneous clinical diagnoses demonstrating the quality of clinical diagnosis in therapeutic institutions of a given administrative territory.
Diagnostic Errors↗
Pigment architecture of the human telencephalic cortex. III. Regio praesubicularis.
Cortical lamination and parcellation of the human presubicular region is described with the aid of stereomicroscopical analysis of pigment preparations up to 1000 micrometers thick. The region can be subdivided into three major territories each of which is strongly influenced by the adjoining cortical tissue. The three subregions are: 1) the presubiculum sensu stricto. It lies near the subiculum at its medial margin and can be subdivided into 6 areas. 2) the parasubiculum. It borders on the entorhinal region and is composed of 5 areas. 3) the transsubiculum. It forms a transitional zone between allocortical and isocortical fields and consists of 3 areas. The presubicular region is characterized by a conspicuous layer of small and densely packed cells which--except the marginal parts of the subiculum--does not appear outside this region. Besides this autochthonous parvopyramidal layer, the presubicular cortex is composed of "foreign" cell layers which penetrate in varying number and to a varying extent into the region from the surrounding fields. The presubicular cortex shows extensive and incessant local variations, in so far as each one of its layers is very variable in breadth. In spite of this, a reliable parcellation can be achieved when only those layers are taken into consideration whose marginal parts are clearly recognizable. Hence, the proposed parcellation is based on the changing pattern of lamination which is depicted in diagrams for easy recognition of the various areas.
Adult↗