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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Quantifying niche overlap and transgression in allopolyploid hybrids: Case study of Sorbus subgenus Aria.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Apomixis, the formation of seeds without recombination, facilitates adaptation and persistence under environmental change. By preserving hybrid genotypes over long time periods, apomixis may conserve adaptive trait combinations from parental niche margins. We tested whether apomictic entities occupy intermediate, marginal, or transgressive niche space relative to their parents and whether differentiation is associated with ploidy. METHODS: We studied polyploid Sorbus subgenus Aria in the Franconian Jura (Germany), comprising two progenitors Sorbus aria and S. collina, seven triploid entities, and a pool of genetically heterogenous individuals (single genotypes). Genetic structure was assessed using MIG-seq. Overall niche differentiation between parental taxa and hybrids was evaluated using Sørensen similarity of two-dimensional hypervolumes derived from principal component analysis (PCA) axes. Niche shifts were further analyzed using hypervolumes based on the three strongest PCA variables. Across 762 occurrences, observations ranged from 11 to 453 individuals per entity. KEY RESULTS: Environmental niche space was transgressive in three, significantly allocated towards the margins of parental niche space in one, while remaining intermediate in the other entities. Niche transgression occurred towards milder temperatures and drier conditions. Genetic analyses confirmed morphologically defined entities, although one morphotype was polyphyletic. Tetraploid S. collina significantly occupied warmer and wetter environments compared to other cytotypes. Triploids differed from S. aria along microtopographic gradients represented by the second PCA axis. CONCLUSIONS: Apomictic Sorbus entities show diverse strategies in niche occupation and can occupy environmental niche space at and beyond the limits of their parental taxa. Apomicts may conserve evolutionary adaptations at the edges of parental niche space that may otherwise be lost from, or fail to emerge in, the parental gene pool. Over long timescales these trait combinations may re-enter the parental gene pool through introgression, thereby reintroducing adaptations critical for survival under changing conditions.

Aria↗
PubMed1979

Self-awareness and transgression in children: two field studies.

Two field studies explored the relationship between self-awareness and transgressive behavior. In the first study, 363 Halloween trick-or-treaters were instructed to only take one candy. Self-awareness induced by the presence of a mirror placed behind the candy bowl decreased transgression rates for children who had been individuated by asking them their name and address, but did not affect the behavior of children left anonymous. Self-awareness influenced older but not younger children. Naturally occurring standards instituted by the behavior of the first child to approach the candy bowl in each group were shown to interact with the experimenter's verbally stated standard. The behavior of 349 subjects in the second study replicated the findings in the first study. Additionally, when no standard was stated by the experimenter, children took more candy when not self-aware than when self-aware.

Awareness↗
PubMed2026

Nonadditive gene expression and reduced homoeolog expression bias in an intraspecific hexaploid wheat hybrid.

BACKGROUND: Intraspecific hybridization in allopolyploid plants can generate additive and nonadditive changes in gene expression through interactions between divergent parental genomes. However, how it simultaneously affects gene expression and the relative expression of homoeologs in higher-order polyploids is less well understood. To study this, we sequenced seedling leaf transcriptomes and profiled gene body methylation in two hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and their F₁ hybrids. RESULTS: Although only 4.3% of genes differed in expression between the parents, 22.3% deviated from mid-parent expression in the hybrids, with many showing transgressive expression. 32.1% of triads contained at least one homoeolog that deviated from mid-parent expression, and all three homoeologs deviated in 11% of triads, substantially more than expected by chance. Triads in which all three homoeologs were overexpressed also showed reduced differences in expression among homoeologs. Greater parental divergence in relative homoeolog expression was associated with nonadditive expression. Genes lacking gene body methylation were also more likely to show dominant or transgressive expression, whereas gene body methylation was associated with more balanced homoeolog expression and additive or conserved expression. CONCLUSIONS: Intraspecific hybridization in hexaploid wheat, even without a change in ploidy, was associated with widespread nonadditive gene expression and altered relative homoeolog expression within triads. These responses were associated with parental differences in homoeolog expression and the absence of gene body methylation. Although our findings are limited to seedling leaves from a single intraspecific cross, they provide a basis for testing the generality of these patterns across tissues, developmental stages, and genetic backgrounds.

Triticum↗
PubMed2025

Genomic prediction-aided incorporation of genetic resources into elite breeding: lessons from a collaborative multiparental design in flint maize.

A public private cooperative mating design between elite maize inbred lines and diversity donors shows that genomic prediction holds great promise to improve the use of genetic resources. Genetic diversity is essential for plant breeding, enabling long-term gains and adaptation to climate change and new agronomical practices. Breeders can access diverse genetic resources to enhance elite germplasm and introduce new favorable variations. The limited performance of genetic resources may hamper their use. To overcome this, a bridging population can be implemented to evaluate and select progenies from crosses between diversity donors and elite lines before their introduction in breeding programs. The choice of such crosses can be dealt with the usefulness criterion (UC), which determines its ability to produce transgressive individuals. This paper investigates the use of genome-wide marker effects to predict (i) the performance of individuals derived from crosses between donors and elite lines and (ii) the UC of crosses not observed yet. It also compares donor introduction strategies based on the UC or the H criterion, which considers the genome-wide donor-elite complementarity. We used a flint maize collaborative multi-parental BC1-S2 population, consisting in materials from six breeding companies and one public institute crossed to different donors. The 20 crosses had contrasted means and genetic variances, and most of them presented transgressive individuals above the elite parent. Results emphasize the importance of half-siblings derived from the elite line parent of the predicted cross to efficiently predict progeny performances or the UC. They also showed that using the H criterion appears promising to select iteratively donors that best complement initial elite materials. The paper concludes with guidelines for implementing a bridging population using genome-wide marker-based predictions.

Zea mays↗
PubMed1979

Child rearing and children's prosocial initiations toward victims of distress.

Maternal rearing behavior was examined in relation to children's reparation for transgressions and altruism as bystanders to distress in others. The children were 1 1/2-2 1/2 years old. Mothers were trained in techniques of observing. They recorded their child's reactions and their own behaviors in everyday encounters with expressions of distress in others (sorrow, discomfort, pain). Distress was also simulated by mothers and investigators. Mothers' empathic caregiving was rated during home visits. Mothers' affectively delivered explanations regarding the distresses their children had caused to others were associated with children's reparations for transgressions. Such explanations were also associated with children's altruism when they were bystanders to another's distress. Empathic caregiving by mothers was positively associated with children's reparation and altruism. Findings are discussed in relation to theories of altruism, conscience, and child rearing.

Altruism↗
PubMed1976

Extracranial metastases of anaplastic cerebral gliomas.

Seven cases are reported of anaplastic cerebral gliomas with metastases outside the neuraxis, seen among about 1500 gliomas. There were two children with anaplastic ependymomas, one adult with oligodendroglioma, and four young to middle-aged adults with astrocytomas grade III and IV. All patients had one or more craniotomies, and four had radiotherapy prior to the appearance of distant tumour deposits. The survival times ranged from 7 to 31 months in cases with gliomas grade II, and from 8 to 18 months with high grade astrocytomas. All seven tumours showed invasion of the meninges, ventricular walls, or both, and in four cases they transgressed the dura and surrounding bone or soft tissues. In six autopsy cases there was widespread dissemination of gliomas through the CSF pathways. Distant metastases involved regional or distant lymph nodes in six patients, the lungs in two, and the vertebrae, pleura, liver, or mediastinum in one patient each. The possible pathways for distant spread or intracranial gliomas and the factors which are considered responsible are briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

What health are we talking about? Biodiversity as the missing link between One Health and Planetary Health.

Health has become a central term in global sustainability policy, yet it is often used without sufficient conceptual precision. Public health, global health, One Health, EcoHealth, GeoHealth, and Planetary Health each emphasize different dimensions of the relationship between humans, animals, and the environment. In policy contexts, however, these distinctions are frequently blurred. We argue that biodiversity is often treated as an environmental co-benefit rather than as a foundational determinant of health. This weakens the implementation of One Health approaches because biodiversity underpins disease regulation, immune system development, food and water security, ecosystem functioning, resilience, and climate adaptation. At the same time, biodiversity provides a critical link between One Health and broader Planetary Health challenges, including global environmental change and the transgression of planetary boundaries. Future health and sustainability policies should move beyond generic references to health and explicitly recognize biodiversity as part of preventive health systems.

Biodiversity↗
PubMed1979

[Method and value of the opacified intestine in the computed tomography of abdomen (author's transl)].

In the examination of the intestine CT can deliver further information about diseases transgressing the intestinal wall or bordering on it. Sometimes, however, bowel loops filled with liquid can scarcely be distinguished from abdominal abnormalities. In these cases contrast material given orally or as an enema can facilitate the distinction and the identification of pathological patterns. The method of opacifying bowel loops is presented and demonstrated by several examples. Its value as well as its limits are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Haplotype-specific expression of a terpene synthase underlies linalool variation in the grapevine cultivar Riesling.

Grapevine cultivars vary widely in monoterpenoid content, yet the genetic and regulatory mechanisms underlying this variation remain poorly characterized beyond highly aromatic Muscat types. We profiled free volatiles and monoterpenoid glycosides in a Riesling × Cabernet Sauvignon F1 mapping population, revealing extensive variation and transgressive segregation consistent with multigenic control. QTL mapping identified 70 significant loci associated with 48 volatile compounds and monoterpene glycosides, including two major QTLs explaining 33.6% and 33.4% of phenotypic variance in (3S)-linalool accumulation. Integration of haplotype-resolved transcriptomics with metabolite data, enabled by a chromosome-scale diploid Riesling genome assembly, resolved a (3S)-linalool/nerolidol synthase cluster on chromosome 10 and identified VviTPS54 as the strongest candidate underlying linalool variation. VviTPS54 exhibited haplotype-specific expression strongly correlated with (3S)-linalool accumulation across genotypes, while no QTL was detected at the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase 1 (VviDXS1) locus previously identified in Muscat cultivars. In addition, VviDXS1 expression was not correlated with terpene levels, indicating that regulatory variation within terpene synthase clusters, rather than methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway flux, drives monoterpenoid composition in this population. These results establish regulatory variation of terpene synthases as a key mechanism underlying monoterpenoid diversity in grapevine and demonstrate that resolving such variation requires haplotype-phased genome assemblies coupled with haplotype-resolved transcriptomics to detect allele-specific expression differences at complex, heterozygous loci.

Grapevine↗
PubMed1977

Cranial chordomas.

The clinical and radiological features of 44 cranial chordomas are recorded. Classical features of a mid-line partially calcified tumour, destroying the clivus and causing a soft tissue mass in the sphenoid sinus or nasopharynx were present in about half of the cases. The high incidence of unilateral bone erosion which occurred in nearly a third of the cases, the diagnosti1c significance of erosion of the tip of the clivus and odontoid peg and the not infrequent sclerotic bone reaction to the tumour, are stressed. Increased uptake of 99Tcm occurred in the five cases in which gamma encephalography was performed. Computed transmission tomography was valuable not only in showing the intracranial extension of the tumours and changes in the ventricular system, but also in outlining the extent of the mass within the skull base. Chordomas tend to displace the dura before transgressing it so that the subarachnoid space is usually patent adjacent to quite large tumours allowing the margins of any intracranial or spinal extension to be outlined at encephalography or myelography. Displacements of basal vessels are helpful in confirmation of the site and extent of the tumour. Narrowing of arteries by compression is not frequent but encasement is rare. Pathological circulation which has not been considered to be a feature of chordomas was shown in six cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The mechanics of the knee and prosthesis design.

The mechanisms controlling and limiting movement and serving to transmit load between the femur and the tibia are discussed. Having accounted for the transmission of all components of force and couple across the joint and noted the load-bearing role of the menisci, some principles which might guide the design of knee prostheses are deduced. It is shown that current designs transgress some of these principles. An experimental prosthesis is then described, which incorporates analogues of the natural menisci. The possible practical application of this novel principle has been studied in cadaveric human joints and in living patients.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2026

Host hybridization enabled the emergence of a reassorted hantavirus lineage.

The exchange of genetic material between individuals is a key driver of evolution and diversification across most branches of life. Segmented viruses can exchange genetic material through reassortment of genomic segments. New viral strains that emerge from reassortments can have greater infection ranges and higher virulence, although concrete examples of the adaptive advantages of reassortants in nature apart from influenza remain rare. We studied here the evolutionary history and consequences of reassortment in Tula orthohantavirus (TULV) in a hybrid zone between evolutionary lineages of its reservoir host, the common vole (Microtus arvalis). Across 58 trapping sites and 127 infected voles, we detected 27 TULV reassortants in a 12.5 km broad zone at the contact of the parental TULV clades, resembling a viral hybrid zone concordant with the hosts'. Phylogenomic analyses revealed three independent reassortment events, but most of the host hybrid zone was dominated by a single strain with a reassorted M-Segment, which encodes the surface glycoprotein. We detected clade-specific variation in the glycoprotein's N-terminal region consisting of five residues, two of which showed evidence of positive selection. In silico 3D modeling of seven glycoproteins confirmed that this N-terminal region has a unique and specific structure for each TULV clade and the dominant reassortants and is the only structurally variable region of the TULV glycoprotein. Our findings suggest that reassortment between the parental TULV clades in the contact region has resulted in a transgressive virus phenotype potentially adapted to hybrid hosts. This demonstrates the potential of zones of hybridization for the emergence of new virus strains with novel evolutionary trajectories.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Spontaneous transdural extension of malignant astrocytoma. Case report.

A case of malignant astrocytoma in the frontoparietal parasagittal region with transgression into the overlying dura mater and the skull is presented. Spontaneous transdural extension of a glioma is an extremely rare growth pattern. A mode of transdural extension of this tumor is discussed and related reports are reviewed.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1976

[Long-term results in electric pacemaker therapy].

It is reported on experiences and results in 317 patients with altogether 690 implantations of pacemakers from 1963 to 1974 and under comparison and with reference to the up to now existing long-term results published in literature state and tendency of the medical and technical development of the electric heart stimulation are discussed. The average age of outpatients was 62.9 years with a peak of age of 46% in the 7th decade of life. 60% were male patients, 40% female ones. With about 50% the constant total atrioventricular block was the most frequent indication. 63% of the familiar types of pacemakers were biotronic apparatuses, 36% of them with fixed frequency. The average duration of the function of all apparatuses was calculated with 20.1 months. Hereby the biotronic types had the longest average function times of 26.7 months (frequency fixed) or 26.3 months (regulated). In 373 reimplantations is shown that 2.17 apparatuses were implanted in each patient. The total number of complications was 21.2% related to the total number of implantations. With 8.9% breaks of the cable were in the first place in myocardial electrodes. Dislocations of transvenous electrodes were observed only in 4.5% of our cases. With 5.8% pressure necroses and infections were the cause of complications stood in the second place concerning frequency. The total lethality was 23.7% with an age peak of 38% in the 8th decade of life. 13.4% of the cases of death belong to an early lethality with a prevailing part of epicardial implantations. In our patients the cumulative survival rate was after 1 year 89.3%, after 5 years 62.3% and after 8 years 47.7%. The 50% survival rate was ca. 7.3 years. In comparison to the population of the same age the average expectance of life is transgressed by about 6 years. The prolongation of the survival time by electrostimulation compared with the conservative treatment of the total atrioventricular block with Adams-Stokes-syndrome is the essential result of the pacemaker therapy.

Adams-Stokes Syndrome↗
PubMed1975

[Pancreas carcinoma in the rat (attempts at implantation)].

It is reported on the technique of transplantation of a carcinoma on the pancreas of the rat. As to the origin the malignoma used is a tumour induced by Methyl-Yellow and known as solid form of the Zajdela-hepatoma. Out of 50 transplantation experiments 48 were successful (96%). After continuous growth regional formations of metastases were observed. Death took place in the 3rd week after transgression of the borders of the organs under the picture of cachexia.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Prospects for use of the anterior chamber of the eye for studying proliferation, differentiation and hybridization of tumor cells].

The anterior chamber of mammalian eye (ACE) is one of the places of organism privileged immunologically that permits to use it for transplantations of allogenic tissues. Besides, the medium filling the chamber, provides an excellent growth of transplants there, whereas the transparent cornea allows to control the growth. The analysis of results obtained with this method shows its acceptibility both for heterotransplantations of tumors including human tumors, and for homotransplantations with the aim to study the progression of tumors and the selection of constant tumor lines. The ACE is easily applicable for studying morphogenetic potentialities of tumor cells, as well as their ability to differentiation and normalization, because its medium has the quality of "differentiating" for many tissues. Cytological heterogeneity, revealed during tumor transplantations, allows to study the spectrum of cytological variability and transgression of tumor characters at different stages of their progression. The ACE can be used for estimation of tumor formation ability of tumor cells by determining TD50 (tumor dosis 50) which is important for estimation of different kinds of damage (X-rays, chemotherapy etc.). According to authors' point of view, it is very perspective to use the anterior chamber of eye for elaboration of effective methods of hybridization tumor cells with normal ones.

Animals↗