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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Ulnar nerve instability: ulnar nerve injury due to elbow flexion.

The term "ulnar nerve instability" describes the chronic conditions of subluxation and relocation of the ulnar nerve at the elbow with flexion and extension of the elbow, respectively. This condition is more common than generally thought. Recurrent subluxation of the nerve at the elbow results in a tractional and frictional neuritis. The nerve is vulnerable to trauma in its subluxed position, lying superficially on the medial humeral epicondyle. In certain cases of ulnar nerve instability associated with a tight overlying band bridging the heads of origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris, nerve injury can occur with flexion of the elbow. Thus, internal as well as external compressive factors as a cause of ulnar nerve neuropathy must be considered. Described is an elbow flexion test helpful in the diagnosis and prognosis of cases of ulnar nerve instability associated with the tight overlying band.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Functional anatomy of the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve.

Our presently inadequate knowledge of the functional anatomy of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve handicaps our management of ulnar nerve lesions. The extensive anatomical variations in the distribution of this nerve preclude adherence to a textbook pattern of innervation. Electrophysiological recordings of single sensory fibers in monkeys along with fascicular stimulation studies provided novel information about the functional organization of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve: (1) there is a wide range of sensory fibers not currently recognized by textbook descriptions; (2) the innervation pattern is far more diffuse and covers greater areas than previously suspected; (3) at the distal forearm level the motor component of the deep ulnar branch is distributed throughout the entire ulnar nerve and is not restricted to specific fascicles; (4) contrary to previous assumptions, the deep branch of the ulnar nerve is mixed, and not purely motor. In fact, it may be mostly sensory. Afferent fibers arise from muscle, joints, deep subcutaneous tissues and even skin. These findings suggest that it is unwise to look at any nerve as purely motor or having a set innervation pattern, and emphasize the pressing need for objective preoperative and/or intraoperative functional assessment in peripheral nerve surgery.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medial epicondylectomy for ulnar nerve compression syndrome at the elbow.

Nineteen patients were evaluated 6--17 months after medial epicondylectomy (22 extremities) for ulnar nerve compression syndrome at the elbow. Medial epicondylectomy removes the prominence against which the ulnar nerve can be traumatically compressed and no operative handling of the nerve is necessary. Pre- and postoperative nerve conduction velocities were combined with subjective and objective evaluations of all patients. Statically significant correlations were found between the result and the postoperative nerve conduction velocity and the result and the per cent change of nerve conduction velocity. Ten extremities were classified as good results (48%), 4 as fair results (17%), and 8 as poor results (35%). Four limbs in the poor category and one limb in the fair category had electrical evidence of proximal compression neuropathy which compromised the end result. Exclusion of the patients with evidence of proximal neuropathy would yield 76% good or fair results. Measurement of ulnar nerve lengths in fresh cadavers demonstrated that ulnar nerve conduction velocity studies should be performed at 70 degrees of elbow flexion if accurate pre- and postoperative velocities are to be obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Angiopasm and lesion of the ulnar nerve in Dupuytren's contracture (author's transl)].

30 patients with Dupuytren's contracture were investigated by venous occlusion plethysmography of the index and ring fingers of both hands. The results are evaluated in respect to the clinical and electroneurophysiological findings. Special attention was given to the blood flow disturbances which have plethysmographically appeared to be a significant feature of Dupuytren's contracture and also to ulnar nerve lesions in individual cases. The finger venous occlusion plethysmography technique of Goetz (1934) has been further developed and a suitable apparatus constructed for the purpose of these investigations. Temporary vasopasm occurs in 77% of the patients suffering from Dupuytren's contracture when the fingers are cooled to 15 degrees C and a significant diminution of blood flow, as in the Raynaud syndrome, is evident. These neurovascular changes always appeared on the fingers of both hands and were similarly found in the region of the median nerve and of the ulnar nerve. They did not depend on the localization or the stage of the disease. 68% of the patients had symptoms suggestive of an ulnar nerve lesion, which corresponds with the findings of Mumenthaler (1961). In a comparison of the patients with normal plethysmographical findings and the patients with vasospasm, there is no correlation with the accompanying ulnar lesion. It is, thus, suggested that temporary vasopasm is not a consequence of the ulnar nerve lesion, but is related to an independent constitutional factor. In view of the high incidence of the ulnar lesion in patients with Dupuytren's contracture, a special neurological investigation is recommended and appropriate therapy, in addition to the fasiectomy, must be undertaken.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Ganglion in the ulnar nerve groove (author's transl)].

Two cases of a rare localisation of ganglion is reported in this paper. A ganglion in the ulnar nerve presented by complete loss in ulnar nerve function. Attention is drawn to the importance of early diagnosis, and to the fact, that in cases of ulnar nerve lesions of unknown origin tumors in the ulnar groove must be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Median--ulnar nerve communications and carpal tunnel syndrome.

Carpal tunnel syndrome in the presence of anomalous median to ulnar nerve communications in the forearm produces a characteristic change in motor conduction studies. Median nerve stimulation at the elbow evokes a thenar muscle action potential (MAP) with an initial positive deflection not seen on stimulation at the wrist. In 63 patients this change occurred in 16 (25%) and is a useful additional criterion in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. The initial positive deflection is due to the volume-conducted MAP from the first dorsal interosseous and some thenar muscles whose motor point lies some distance from the recording electrode over abductor pollicis brevis. The first dorsal interosseous and thenar MAPs resulting from elbow stimulation of those median nerve axons crossing to ulnar nerve in forearm, are generated before that from thenar muscles supplied by the axons going through the carpal tunnel.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Compression of the ulnar nerve at the wrist secondary to a rheumatoid synovial cyst: case report and review of the literature.

Compression of the ulnar nerve within or near the canal of Guyon has been ascribed to numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The anatomy of the region is discussed, and a review of the reported causes of ulnar nerve compression is presented. A case of ulnar nerve compression at the wrist secondary to a rheumatoid synovial cyst is reported. Prompt decompression resulted in clinical and electromyographic recovery of sesory and motor function.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1979

Ulnar nerve decompression by medial epicondylectomy of the humerus and a method of assessing muscle power status by totalling the muscle grading.

This paper advocates the principle of ulnar nerve decompression by medial epicondylectomy of the humerus in leprosy patients presenting with ulnar nerve neuritis and early muscle weakness of ulnar nerve supplied muscles. 16 medial epicondylectomies were done on 14 patients and a follow up showed relief of nerve tenderness and an improvement in the motor power status of the muscles as shown by total grading.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Unusual compression of the ulnar nerve caused by a hematic cyst].

Among the various possible causes underlying compressive syndromes of the ulnar nerve at the wrist, classified as "occupational neuritides", we must number the presence of a hematic cyst in Guyon's canal. The authors describe the occurrence of a hematic cyst in the region of the pyramido-unciform joint, with prompt and complete restoration of ulnar nerve function after surgical removal of the cyst.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The Hoffmann reflex in the normal new-borns. Post-natal evolution of the conduction velocity of the alpha motor and the Ia sensitive fibres of the ulnar nerve (author's transl)].

The conduction velocities of the alpha motor fibres and the IA sensitive fibres of the ulnar nerve have been studied in a group of full term newborn babies and during the neonatal period. At birth the average conduction velocity of the alpha motor fibres is 25,7 m/sec (sigma = to 2,4 m/sec) that of the IA afferent fibres is 35 m/sec (sigma = to 3,2 m/sec). The post natal evolution of the conduction velocity as a function of age has been established for both types of fibres. The time required for nervous conduction between the olecranon process and the wrist diminishes clearly in the course of the first two years because of a discordance between the augmentations of the length and of the diameter of the nerve fibers. The evolution of this conduction time as a function of the age and of the length of the forearm, has been established for the period between birth and the age of six years. The Hoffmann reflex in the inferior limb is present in all infants at birth; its latency is 14,2 msec; the ratio R = to Hmax/Mmax x 100 = to 55,75 p. 100 is identical to that found in the adult. A Hoffmann reflex exists in 66 p. 100 of the population studied in the ulnar nerve. Its latency is 11,1 msec; R = to Hmax/Mmax is equal to 30 p. 100. This reflex disappears progressively during the development.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Malignant mesenchymoma of ulnar nerve: combined sarcoma of nerve sheath and rhabdomyosarcoma.

Malignant mesenchymoma within the right ulnar nerve of an 8 year old boy is described. The patient did not have stigmata of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. The growing and painful tumour was excised five and a half detection, and recurred five months later. Mingling of the nerve sheath sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma was noted within the same mass which was separated from the adjacent striated muscles. It is suggested that this mesenchymoma arose from mesenchymal cells or cells of mesenchymal type comprising the peripheral nerve sheath which is derived from ectomesenchyme of the neural crest.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve, length of the forearm and body weight as correlates of gestational age in the infant pigtail macaque.

The conduction velocity of peripheral nerves is an indication of their growth. Ulnar nerve conduction velocity, forearm length, postpartum age and weight were measured in 25 monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) to determine the best way to estimate gestational age. Correlation analysis showed that while conduction velocity is strongly correlated with gestational age (r = 0.68), both forearm length (r = 0.91) and weight (r = 0.94) are more strongly correlated. Of the three simple measurements made, weight provides the best estimate of gestational age.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

[Total ulnar nerve paralysis in epiphysiolysis of the radius].

Closed epiphysiolysis of the distal radius was followed by a complete sensomotor paralysis of the ulnar nerve revealed on removing the cast. The cause of paralysis was entrapment of the nerve and flexor carpi ulnaris in the fracture. After release of the incarceration and microsurgical extraneural and intraneural neurolysis very good rehabilitation of nervous function resulted. To exclude nerve injury the importance of exact detailed examination of recently injured persons is re-emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Ulnar nerve neuropathy in the wrist region: surgical findings].

The author describes the operative findings in 20 cases of compression of the ulnar nerve at the wrist. Adhesions with or without compression of the nerve, neuroma formation and compression by a ganglion are the most frequent findings. In some cases an enlarged artery is compressing the nerve. In one case a loose pisiform bone was causing the irritation. Despite clinical and electromyographical symptoms there was no pathological finding in 2 cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Palmar conduction time of median and ulnar nerves of normal subjects and patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

The wrist-palm conduction time for the median and ulnar nerves was determined using antidromic technique in thirty normal subjects. For the median nerve, the conduction time was 1.6 msec. to initial deflection from baseline and 1.7 msec. to peak of the initial negative deflection for the mean plus 2 SD. The median wrist-palm conduction time was then compared to the difference between the median and ulnar wrist-digit conduction times (mean plus 2 SD of 0.5 msec. measured either to initial deflection or peak negative deflection) in order to determine which technique aids more in the electrodiagnosis of patients with a presumptive clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome but which normal distal sensory latencies. It was found in ten patients that the results of these two electrodiagnostic methods paralleled each other, and neither appeared more sensitive than the other in establishing the diagnosis.

Adult↗