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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Urinary tract infections.

Urinary tract infections can be found in either sex at any age. While the majority occur in adult females as acute cystitis, recurrent symptomatic bacteriuria, or asymptomatic bacteriuria, adult males with prostatitis or acute pyelonephritis and children with symptomatic urinary tract infections comprise a considerable portion of patients seen. Management in pregnant females or in males with indwelling catheters or before prostatic surgery presents special problems. The choice of drug and dosage schedule should vary according to the infecting agent and the clinical state of the patient.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2026

Heightened frequency of innate immunity risk alleles in south Indian diabetics with urinary tract infections.

Urinary Tract Infections are an emerging public health concern among individuals with diabetes mellitus, particularly in South Asia where high disease burden, genetic diversity and increasing drug resistance contribute to the progressive increase in burden. While metabolic and clinical risk factors are well studied, the role of host innate immune genetic variations in shaping UTI susceptibility among diabetics remains poorly understood. This case-control study evaluated functional polymorphisms in key innate immunity genes, TLR4 (rs4986790, rs4986791), MBL2 (rs1800450) and LTA (rs909253), in 70 T2D patients with UTI and 70 T2D patients without UTI. Genotyping was performed using 5'-hydrolysis probe assay. Across all the four SNPs, the risk allele consistently showed a higher frequency among T2D patients with UTI, indicating a directional trend suggestive of cumulative susceptibility. Also, a strong and significant protective association was observed for the LTA rs909253 'G' allele, which was less frequent in cases than controls. This low-inflammatory 'AA' genotype was also markedly enriched among rUTI cases compared to controls. Clinically, 34.3% of cases experienced rUTIs. This observed directional increase of risk alleles across all four innate immunity SNPs, along with the protective role of LTA rs909253 'G' allele, highlights cumulative host genetic modulation of UTI risk in T2D and supports translational use of genetic profiling in infection risk prediction.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Guidelines for diagnosing and treating urinary tract infections.

Urinary tract infections are problems in both men and women in the geriatric age group, although causative factors in each sex differ widely. Diagnostic evaluation is directed at determining obstructive disease in men and underlying anatomic abnormalities in both men and women. Bacteriologic diagnosis is important, and localization studies are often helpful. Antibiotic therapy is guided by the usual standards, with special awareness of the greater incidence of chronic or degenerative disease in older patients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

The dipslide in diagnosis of urinary tract infections.

Urinary tract infections (UTI's) are common in medicine. Symptoms may include fever, chills, frequency, and dysuria. Asymptomatic UTI's are also common, with a prevalence of one percent in school girls and ten percent in pregnant women. Pyuria, dysuria, and frequency may be absent in patients with UTI's or present in patients without UTI's. Therefore, a UTI must be bacteriologically diagnosed as greater than 100,000 organisms/ml, usually of a single organism, in a properly obtained urine specimen. The dipslide is a simple, convenient, inexpensive device for the quantitative diagnosis of a UTI. Culture media are layered on both sides of the dipslide, one medium allowing growth of all organisms and the other medium favoring growth of enterobacteriae. After immersion in a clean catch urine specimen, the dipslide is incubated for 24 hours at 37 C. Each urinary organism forms a colony "dot". The density of colony "dots" can be quantitated easily by comparison with standardized graphs. The dipslide is a highly accurate and sensitive tool that can be used for the diagnosis of UTI's, assessment of antimicrobial effectiveness, follow-up for presence of recurrence or relapse, and screening of high-risk individuals.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1979

Mechanisms of urinary tract infection.

Most urinary tract infections begin as a cystitis secondary to decreased host resistance brought on by disruption of tissue integrity or a decrease in blood supply to the bladder. In the female, infrequent voiding and the uninhibited bladder are the most common causes of urinary tract infection and are best treated by healthy voiding regimens; while in the male, structural and functional obstructive uropathy are most often associated with urinary tract infection and are alleviated by lowering the high intravesical pressures via surgical or medical measures. The concept that host resistance is the determinant of infection rather than the organism has permitted the use of clean, intermittent self-catheterization; clean intermittent self-dilatation; and transurethral diverticulectomy in the therapy of a host of urologic disease syndromes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Epidemiology of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (author's transl)].

Among hospital-acquired infections, urinary tract infections are the widest spread. The most common pathogenic agents are E. coli, Enterococci and Proteus mirabilis. Indwelling bladder catheters account for about 70% of infections. Suprapubic urine drainage can reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections by approximatively 50%.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of urinary lactic dehydrogenase with antibody-coated bacteria in the urine sediment as means of localizing the site of urinary tract infection.

Two noninvasive methods of localizing the site of urinary tract infection, urinary lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes and antibody coating of bacteria in the urinary sediment, have been prospectively compared with the bladder washout technique in a series of children with urinary tract infection. Fifteen children had infection localized in the upper tract. Urinary LDH isoenzymes correctly localized the infection in 14 children; however, the infection was correctly localized by the antibody coating of bacteria in only eight patients (P less than .02). Fourteen children had lower tract infection by the bladder washout technique. Urinary LDH isoenzymes localized the infection in all 14 children, whereas the antibody coating correctly localized the infection in ten children (P less than .05). This study shows the urinary LDH isoenzyme pattern to be a more accurate technique than the detection of antibody-coated bacteria for localizing the site of urinary tract infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Recurrent urinary tract infections. Therapeutic considerations.

Urinary tract infections can recur because of bacterial persistence after chemotherapy or because of reinfection. Treatment of bacterial persistence varies with the cause. Chemoprophylaxis has helped to reduce the incidence of reinfection.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Gallium-67 imaging to localize urinary-tract infections.

To differeniate upper from lower-tract urinary infections, 73 patients were imaged with 67Ga citrate. Renal uptake of the radioisotope occurred in pyelonephritis (documented in 47 patients by ureteral cathieterization, bladder washout, or histology) with an accuracy of 86%. There were 15% false-positives and 13% false-negatives. 67Ga may prove to be a clinically valuable test in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Results are promptly available 24 hours after injection, and it is non-invasive test that can safely be repeated to follow recurrent infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Diagnostic value of symptoms and clean-voided urine specimen in childhood urinary tract infection.

In diagnosing urinary tract infection (UTI) the symptoms of 477 infants and children and the findings in their clean-voided urine specimens were evaluated. 322 patients were considered infected, when a bacterial culture of suprapubic aspirate was used as a diagnostic reference. No diagnosis was attempted on the basis of symptoms only. Numerous bacteria or greater than or equal to 200 leuc./mm3 in an uncentrifuged clean-voided urine specimen or greater than or equal to 10(5) bact./ml in quantitative bacterial culture were found in 59%, 42% and 81% of the infected symptomatic patients. The diagnostic accuracies of these indices were 88%, 94% and 95%, respectively. In asymptomatic patients the accuracies were considerably lower. Among these infected patients normal or equivocal isolated findings in the clean-voided urine specimens were frequently seen, and could not markedly be reduced by the various related factors, such as technique of urine collection, urine specific gravity or pH of urine. None of the above mentioned indices of the clean-voided urine specimens seems to be alone accurate and sensitive enough for diagnosing UTI, and therefore these should be used in combination. The advantage of immediately obtaining results supports the use of urine microscopy as a primary diagnostic method in symptomatic UTI of childhood in particular.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1978

Accuracy of antibody-coated-bacteria test in recurrent urinary tract infections.

Antibody coating of urinary bacteria was compared with results of ureteral catheterization studies in order to localize the site of recurrent urinary tract infections in 32 patients. The antibody-coated-bacteria test reliably detected infections in patients with upper urinary tract infection (16 of 17 patients), but false-positive results occurred frequently in patients with lower urinary tract infection (5 of 15 patients). The antibody-coated-bacteria test appears to be a useful screening test for localization of infection in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

Colic as the sole symptom of urinary tract infection in infants.

Urinary tract infection was diagnosed in four infants whose sole symptom was persistent recurrent colic. There were no other clinical abnormalities. Three had abnormal radiologic findings in the urinary tract and one subsequently required nephrectomy. In the two others, radiologic findings were normal after 6 months and 1 year, respectively.

Colic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Natural history of urinary tract infection in children].

Urinary tract infection was studied in 61 children whose ages ranged between 6 months and 9 years. History, symptoms, urine cultures and renal function are compared between those with normal radiology and those with pyelonephritis and/or reflux and obstructive lesions. Prognosis was analized in these two groups.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2025

Urobiota analysis and genome-wide association study in pediatric recurrent urinary tract infections and vesicoureteral reflux.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common severe bacterial infections in young children, often associated with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). To explore host genetic-microbiota interactions and their clinical implications, we analyzed the urinary microbiota (urobiota) and conducted genome-wide association studies for bacterial abundance traits in pediatric patients with UTI and VUR from the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux and Careful Urinary Tract Infection Evaluation cohorts. We identified 4 urobiota community types based on relative abundance, characterized by the genera Enterococcus, Prevotella, Pseudomonas, and Escherichia/Shigella, and their associations with VUR, age, and toilet training. Children with VUR exhibited decreased microbial diversity and increased abundance of genera that included opportunistic pathogens, suggesting a disrupted urobiota. We detected genome-wide significant genetic associations with urinary bacterial relative abundances, in or near candidate genes including CXCL12, ABCC1, and ROBO1, which are implicated in urinary tract development and response to infection. We showed that Cxcl12 was induced 12 hours after uropathogenic bacterial infection in mouse bladder. The association with CXCL12 suggests a genetic link between UTI, VUR, and cardiovascular phenotypes later in life. These findings provide the first characterization to our knowledge of host genetic influences on the pediatric urobiota in UTI and VUR, offering insights into the interplay between disease, host genetics, and the urobiota composition.

Urinary Tract Infections↗