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Results for “weight loss”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2025

Impact of polymorphisms on gene expression and splicing in response to exercise and diet-induced weight loss in human skeletal muscle tissues.

Weight loss through exercise and diet reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes, but the genetic regulation of gene expression and splicing in response to weight loss remains unclear in humans. We collected clinical data and skeletal muscle biopsies from 54 overweight/obese Asian individuals before and after a 16-week lifestyle intervention, which resulted in an average of ∼10% weight loss, accompanied by an ∼30% increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Improvements were observed in 118 of 252 clinical traits and six blood lipids. Transcriptomic analysis of paired skeletal muscle biopsies identified 505 differentially expressed genes enriched in mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity. Thousands of muscle-specific expression/splicing quantitative trait loci (e/sQTLs) were detected pre- and post-intervention, including hundreds of lifestyle-responsive e/sQTLs. Notably, approximately 4.2% of eQTLs and 7.3% of sQTLs showed Asian specificity. Joint analysis with genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 16 putative metabolic risk genes. Our study reveals gene-by-lifestyle interactions and how lifestyle modulates gene regulation in skeletal muscle.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Agnostic polygenic prediction of weight loss after bariatric surgery.

A large interindividual variability in weight loss outcomes following bariatric surgery is reported. To ensure optimal management of patients, it is crucial to accurately identify candidates most likely to benefit the most from the intervention. Since genetic variants largely contribute to surgery response, polygenic scores (PGS) derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) could constitute valuable tools for clinical decision making. We developed and evaluated PGS to predict the weight loss response in 540 patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 35 kg/m2 or higher who underwent biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. Summary statistics derived from BMI-derived GWAS, together with summary statistics from previously published GWAS of BMI and adiposity features, were used to construct, evaluate, and benchmark weight loss PGS. The full-adjusted BMI PGS model built in the entire cohort explained 39.6% of the mean-over-time excessive body weight loss (%EBWL), while the BMI-PGS built in the training dataset explained 38.9%. All benchmarked PGS based on BMI showed a significant relationship with mean-over-time %EBWL. These findings highlight the potential of BMI PGS in predicting weight loss after bariatric surgery and support their use as promising tools to improve the effectiveness of future antiobesity treatments.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Plasma corticosterone level of rats after bilateral lesion of the globus pallidus and elimination of the sex-dependence of the body weight loss following pallidal lesion by bilateral adrenalectomy.

Plasma corticosterone (CST) level and body weight were studied in male and female rats after bilateral pallidal lesion (GPL). The effect of high dose of glycocorticoids on body weight of food and water deprived, non-lesioned rats was also studied since high CST levels due to the stress caused by the aphagia and adipsia could be anticipated. Weight changes in lesioned-adrenalectomized animals were in investigated as well. A weight loss, higher in males than females, developed after the pallidal lesion and the CST level was higher in lesioned females than in lesioned males. This sex-difference was present in non-lesioned, food and water deprived animals as well. The weight loss was higher in lesioned males than in food and water deprived male/female controls. Adrenalectomy eliminated weight loss differences between the sexes after lesion, by reducing the weight loss in males. CST administration reduced body weight loss in food and water deprived males but not in familes, and cortisol facilitated it in both sexes.

Adrenal Cortex↗

PubMed1975

[Pain of the frontal region, loss of appetite and weight loss (with progressive renal dysfunction): polyarteritis nodosa].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Unexpected decrease in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol with weight loss.

High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is inversely related to coronary heart disease prevalence. Despite the fact that obese patients have lower plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations, there are few prospective studies on the effect of weight loss on HDL-cholesterol. Consequently, plasma lipoprotein levels were measured in 15 obese females before and after a 10 week weight loss program. Mean weight loss was 8.6 +/- 3.9 kg (P less than 0.001). Total plasma cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol did not change significantly. Plasma triglyceride levels decreased (P less than 0.05) as did HDL-cholesterol (P less than 0.02). A subgroup of 11 of the subjects had repeat lipid measurements 8 months after the start of treatment. Mean weight loss at this time was 12.8 +/- 0.8 kg (P less than 0.01). No subject had returned to her pretreatment weight but mean weight loss was not significantly different from the 10 week value. At 8 months all lipid values, including HDL-cholesterol, had returned to their pretreatment value. By multiple regression analysis HDL-cholesterol decreased with increasing relative weight but also decreased with increasing rate of weight loss. These results suggest that negative caloric balance produces a decrease in HDL-cholesterol that in prospective studies may obscure the inverse relationship between HDL-cholesterol and indices of obesity.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Sex, Not Age, Predicts Weight Loss Outcomes With Tirzepatide: A Retrospective Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the impact of sex and age on weight loss outcomes in patients receiving tirzepatide in real-world clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with overweight or obesity who initiated tirzepatide at Mayo Clinic between June 2022 and May 2024 and completed ≥ 12 months of continuous therapy. Primary outcome was total body weight loss percentage (TBWL%) at 15 months, stratified by sex and age groups (≤ 45, 46-59, ≥ 60 years). RESULTS: Among 1039 patients (57% women; mean age 56 ± 11 years), women achieved significantly greater TBWL% than men after 15 months of treatment (15.1% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001). Patients aged ≤ 45 years had greater weight loss than those ≥ 60 years (15.1% vs. 12.3%, p = 0.024). In multivariable analyses, greater weight loss was independently associated with female sex, absence of type 2 diabetes, no prior obesity medication use, no concomitant weight gain-promoting medications, and higher tirzepatide dosage. Age was not an independent predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Sex, but not age, predicted weight loss with tirzepatide among individuals using the medication continuously for ≥ 12 months. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating sex-specific considerations into personalized obesity treatment strategies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Exploring the role of successful exercise-induced body weight loss on cardiometabolic health in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is known to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., VO2MAX), a key marker of cardiometabolic health in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Nonetheless, body weight loss is widely recognized as a crucial factor in reducing insulin resistance and improving metabolic risk factors. Thus, we aimed to determine the importance of body weight loss following exercise training on improving MetS. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-eight adults (55.3 ± 7.9 yr) with overweight/obesity (32.5 ± 4.6 kg·m-2) and MetS were randomized to: a) standard health care non-exercise group (CONTROL group, N=58) or b) standard health care plus 16 weeks of HIIT (EXER group, N=170). MetS (MetS z-score), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2PEAK), maximal cycling power (WPEAK), and body weight/composition were assessed. After intervention, EXER group participants were divided according to their weight loss response to training: i) those achieving the weight loss predicted from estimated exercise energy expenditure (-BW group, n=78; -3.3 ± 2.2 kg); ii) those not reaching the expected weight loss (=BW group, n=38; -0.7 ± 0.5 kg); iii) and those who gained weight (+BW group, n=54; 1.1 ± 1.0 kg). VO2PEAK significantly improved regardless of body weight loss response (-BW, 0.3 ± 0.3; =BW, 0.2 ± 0.3; +BW, 0.3 ± 0.2 L·min-1; all p < 0.001) compared to CONTROL group (0.0 ± 0.3 L·min-1). However, significant improvements in MetS z-score (-0.31 ± 0.41) and HOMA-IR (-0.7 ± 1.6) were observed only in the -BW group (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise recommendations should consider that greater improvements in MetS are observed when interventions are accompanied by successful body weight loss. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05120778.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

The connection of plasma triiodothyronine levels with the sex-dependent body weight loss after bilateral pallidal lesion in rats.

Previous data showed that after bilateral pallidal lesion (GPL) the weight loss of animals is higher in males than females. Data in the literature have called attention to the possible involvement of thyroid hormones. The sex dependence of weight loss was prevented by neonatal castration. In the present experiments, plasma triiodothyronine level was determined in neonatally castrated and non-castrated male and female rats on the 4th day after GPL. Body weight changes in food and water deprived male and female rats were compared after 4 days of T3 administration. A positive correlation between weight loss and T3 levels was found but there was no difference in mean T3 values between male and females. In the non-castrated group, T3 levels were higher in lesioned than in food and water deprived animals. In neonatally castrated animals no such difference was found. T3 administration caused a uniform weight loss in both sexes. It seems that while they play a role in the mechanism of weight loss after GPL, the sex-dependence is not due to changes in factors involved in regulation of the thyroid hormone level.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Pulmonary function in extreme obesity. Influence of weight loss following intestinal shunt operation.

Airway closure (CV), functional residual capacity (FRC) and the distribution of inspired gas (nitrogen washout delay percentage, NWOD %) and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) was measured by standard electrodes in eight extremely obese patients before and after weight loss (mean weights 142 and 94 kg, respectively) following intestinal shunt operation. Prior to weight loss, airway closure occurred within a tidal breath in six out of eight patients. This was associated with a low FRC, and NWOD % was higher than in the non-obese. PaO2 was lower than normal. CV was unchanged after weight loss, but due to an increase in FRC, airway closure did not occur within a tidal volume and NWOD % was normal. PaO2 was also normal. It is concluded that weight reduction in extremely obese patients improves arterial oxygenation because of an increase in FRC, whereby CV no longer occurs within a tidal volume. Intrapulmonary gas mixing becomes more even.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Mortality, weight loss and anaemia in Bos taurus calves exposed to Boophilus microplus ticks in the tropics of Colombia.

One hundred and sixteen pure-bred Normandy calves previously immunised against babesiosis and anaplasmosis were transported to the Caribbean Coast of Colombia where they divided into 2 equal groups and placed in separate pastures. One group sustained heavy infestation with Boophilus microplus ticks. The second group became lightly infested. The heavily infested calves suffered average losses in body weight of 38 kg and a 48% decrease in mean packed cell volume. Twenty-three (40%) died 16 to 39 days following arrival from severe ixodiasis and babesiosis. Mortality did not occur nor were significant weight losses observed in the group of lightly infested calves.

Anemia↗

PubMed1979

Weight loss following LH lesions independent of changes in motor activity or metabolic rate.

Lesions in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) which resulted in aphagia and a significant loss in body weight, did not reduce either the running wheel activity or the stabilimeter activity of the animals. Following recovery, the animals failed to regain the lost weight. They had normal food and water intakes under ad lib conditions, and ate food when water deprived. They did not drink when deprived of food. Both control and LH animals also had higher than normal oxygen consumption rates. However, the LH group was not higher than the controls postoperatively. These data argue against their being a unitary LH lesion syndrome and suggest that the chronic weight loss seen in animals with LH lesions is not a secondary consequence either of having disrupted the pituitary-thyroid axis, or of having changed the animals' spontaneous activity levels.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Hypothalamic dysfunction in secondary amenorrhea associated with simple weight loss.

We tested hypothalamic, pituitary and endocrine function in 19 patients with secondary amenorrhea associated with simple weight loss who did not have anorexia nervosa to evaluate the effects of weight loss on these systems. Thermoregulation at 10 degrees C and 49 degrees C was abnormal and correlated with the percentage below ideal body weight (r = 0.62, P less than 0.02, and r = 0.55, P less than 0.05, respectively). Partial diabetes insipidus was found in 27 per cent of patients with simple weight loss. They had delayed peak plasma luteinizing hormone levels after 10 microgram of luteinizing-hormone-releasing factor, which was correlated with percentage below ideal body weight (r = 0.49, P less than 0.05). Delayed peak plasma thyrotropin levels after 500 microgram of thyrotropin-releasing factor were found. No prolactin, pituitary, thyroid or adrenal abnormalities were present. These findings are qualitatively similar to results of studies in 29 patients with anorexia nervosa, but less severe and less frequently present. We conclude that hypothalamic dysfunction may be caused by weight loss per se.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Predicting successful weight loss after treatment.

Conducted two 8-week behavioral self-control weight reduction groups to investigate the relationship between locus of control and success at weight reduction (N = 49 female Ss). Mean weight losses were significant at post-treatment and after a 3-month and 18-month follow-up. There was no significant difference in weight loss between internals and externals at post-treatment, but internals maintained a significantly greater weight loss than externals at the follow-ups. These results are discussed with regard to self-control behavior.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2025

Oral semaglutide for weight loss and liver fibrosis in overweight and obesity: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a leading risk factor for fatty liver disease and weight loss has been shown to improve liver parameters. This study evaluates the efficacy of oral semaglutide for weight loss in individuals with overweight or obesity, excluding those with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A randomized, open-label, controlled trial was conducted at the Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, from June 2022 to December 2023. Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups. Both groups received counselling on a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. Group 1 also received oral semaglutide, starting at 3 mg/day and titrated to 14 mg/day over two to four weeks. The objectives were to assess the effects of semaglutide on weight loss, non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis and cardiometabolic parameters. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05442450). RESULTS: Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study. At 28 weeks, the mean percentage weight reduction was -10.47% (SD 5.3) in the Semaglutide group vs. -2.4% (SD 4.5) in the control group (p < 0.001). Semaglutide treatment significantly improved alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase [SGPT]) levels, along with reductions in the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score, liver fat content and liver stiffness. However, NFS (NAFLD fibrosis score) and FIB-4 (fibrosis-4 index) did not show significant reductions. Improvements in BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, fasting insulin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly greater with semaglutide (p < 0.001). Total fat mass decreased by 7.3 kg vs. 1.74 kg (p < 0.0001) in controls, while visceral fat ratings dropped by 3.67 vs. 0.6 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, oral semaglutide, combined with dietary and lifestyle modifications, led to significant and clinically meaningful weight loss and metabolic improvements compared to lifestyle modifications alone.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Comparative Efficacy of Tirzepatide Versus Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Head-to-Head Studies.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide versus semaglutide for weight reduction in adults with overweight or obesity. We included randomised controlled trials and observational studies comparing tirzepatide and semaglutide with ≥ 24 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcome was percentage weight change from baseline. Secondary outcomes included absolute weight change, weight-loss thresholds, HbA1c and safety outcomes. Ten studies including 41 381 participants were analysed. Tirzepatide was associated with greater percentage weight reduction than semaglutide (MD -4.28 percentage points; 95% CI -5.28 to -3.28; p < 0.00001) and greater absolute weight loss (MD -4.43 kg; 95% CI -5.56 to -3.30; p < 0.00001). Tirzepatide was also associated with a higher likelihood of achieving ≥ 10%, ≥ 15% and ≥ 20% weight loss, with no difference at ≥ 5%. HbA1c reduction was greater with tirzepatide (MD -0.29%; p = 0.0002). Subgroup analyses by study design and type 2 diabetes status yielded consistent findings. There was no significant difference in treatment discontinuation due to adverse events (RR 1.28; p = 0.54), whereas serious adverse events were more frequent with tirzepatide (RR 1.83; p = 0.007). Overall and gastrointestinal adverse events were similar between groups. Tirzepatide was associated with greater weight reduction, greater glycaemic benefit and a higher likelihood of achieving weight-loss thresholds than semaglutide, but with a higher risk of serious adverse events.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Psychological impediments to weight loss.

An understanding of the possible psychologic impediments to weight loss can promote improved therapeutic intervention for the obese patient. Certain psychological tasks are imposed by chronic medical illness including obesity. The universal stresses that accompany medical illness, the basic threat to self-esteem and sense of intactness, the fear--of loss of love and approval, of loss of control of function, of injury to body parts, of pain, and of guilt--all become psychological impediments thwarting weight loss and its maintenance. The physician's awareness of these psychological stresses helps him identify areas of necessary support.

Anxiety, Separation↗

PubMed1975

Weight loss of prostatic tissue during electroresection.

During electroresection the weight loss of prostatic tissue was demonstrated to vary between 15 and 42% with a mean value of 26%. Using a scalpel the mean weight loss was 12%.

Electrosurgery↗

PubMed1979

Behavior modification in the treatment of obesity. The problem of maintaining weight loss.

The introduction of behavior modification in the treatment of obesity a decade ago resulted in a substantial increase in weight loss of persons treated for mild to moderate obesity. It has been hoped that this increased effectiveness of treatment would extend also to maintenance of weight loss, and the first controlled clinical trial suggested that it did. This article reports the results of (1) a five-year follow-up of this first trial and (2) all follow-up studies of behavior modification for obesity yet conducted, six published and four previously unpublished. A new method of data analysis shows that weight losses are only modestly maintained, although the question of how their maintenance compares with that of other treatments cannot be answered because comparable data on other treatments are not available. In contrast to the vast amount of work on the initiation and generalization of behavior change, study of its maintenance has been a neglected area of behavior modification. We suggest that this area constitutes a new frontier for research in behavior modification.

Behavior Therapy↗