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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Feeding behaviors and weight loss outcomes over 64 months.

Maintenance of reduced body weight following intentional weight loss is often unsuccessful. Identification of behaviors associated with sustained reductions should aid in dietary weight management. This survey assessed associations between an array of appetitive indices and weight loss outcomes in a sample of 80 adults participating in an open-labeled, unsupervised weight management program over a 64-month period. Participants were divided into maintainers (weight loss >5 kg at Year 1, sustained reduction >75% at Month 64), rebounders (weight loss >5 kg at Year 1, <75% reduction at Month 64), and nonresponders (weight loss <5 kg at Year 1). Nonresponders spent significantly more time shopping for food weekly, tended to have the highest total exposure time to food and to eat with fewer people than the other groups. Maintainers reported higher mean hunger over the course of a day, tended to spend more time preparing food and consumed less energy from fat and foods that they rated as predominantly bitter. Rebounders had significantly lower dietary restraint scores and tended to have less control over the purchase and preparation of foods in their diet. Individuals with different long-term weight loss outcomes possess distinct feeding-related attributes that may provide a basis for improved intervention strategies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

Sex, Not Age, Predicts Weight Loss Outcomes With Tirzepatide: A Retrospective Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the impact of sex and age on weight loss outcomes in patients receiving tirzepatide in real-world clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with overweight or obesity who initiated tirzepatide at Mayo Clinic between June 2022 and May 2024 and completed &#x2265;&#x2009;12&#x2009;months of continuous therapy. Primary outcome was total body weight loss percentage (TBWL%) at 15&#x2009;months, stratified by sex and age groups (&#x2264;&#x2009;45, 46-59, &#x2265;&#x2009;60&#x2009;years). RESULTS: Among 1039 patients (57% women; mean age 56&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;11&#x2009;years), women achieved significantly greater TBWL% than men after 15&#x2009;months of treatment (15.1% vs. 10.7%, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Patients aged &#x2264;&#x2009;45&#x2009;years had greater weight loss than those &#x2265;&#x2009;60&#x2009;years (15.1% vs. 12.3%, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.024). In multivariable analyses, greater weight loss was independently associated with female sex, absence of type 2 diabetes, no prior obesity medication use, no concomitant weight gain-promoting medications, and higher tirzepatide dosage. Age was not an independent predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Sex, but not age, predicted weight loss with tirzepatide among individuals using the medication continuously for &#x2265;&#x2009;12&#x2009;months. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating sex-specific considerations into personalized obesity treatment strategies.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Carnitine does not improve weight loss outcomes in valproate-treated bipolar patients consuming an energy-restricted, low-fat diet.

OBJECTIVES: Carnitine deficiency impairs fatty acid beta-oxidation and may partly explain weight gain in valproate-treated patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether l-carnitine supplementation improves weight loss outcomes in bipolar patients taking sodium valproate. METHODS: Sixty bipolar patients with clinically significant weight gain thought to be related to sodium valproate, who had been taking sodium valproate for >or=6 months, were randomized to l-carnitine (15 mg/kg/day) or placebo for 26 weeks, in conjunction with a moderately energy-restricted, low-fat diet. The primary outcome measure was weight change. RESULTS: l-carnitine had no effect on mean weight loss compared with placebo (-1.9 kg versus - 0.9 kg) (F = 0.778, df = 1,58, p = 0.381). The number of people in each group able to lose any weight was identical ( = 0, p = 1.0); more patients in the carnitine group (nine versus five) achieved a clinically significant weight loss (>or=5%) but this was not statistically significant (p = 1.0, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS: At the dose prescribed in this study carnitine supplementation did not improve weight loss outcomes in valproate-treated bipolar patients consuming an energy-restricted, low-fat diet.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Diabetes disease stage predicts weight loss outcomes with long-term appetite suppressants.

OBJECTIVES: Characterize degree of weight loss with stage of diabetes and describe its effect on cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese patients with and without diabetes. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Retrospective cohort analysis from patients participating in a long-term weight management protocol using diet, exercise, behavioral modification, and appetite-suppressant therapy. Patient groups, with (n = 19) and without diabetes (n = 19) were matched for age, gender, and weight before weight loss therapy. The effect of 12 months of therapy on weight, blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profile, and medication requirements were tested. Additionally, patients were grouped or staged based upon therapy required for control of diabetes at the beginning of weight loss intervention. Analysis of covariance described relationships between diabetes disease stage and weight loss at 12 months. RESULTS: Nondiabetic patients had greater mean reduction in BMI than the diabetic group (7.98 kg/m2 vs. 4.77 kg/m2, p<0.01). A significant linear trend (p<0.001) for decreasing weight loss with stage of diabetes was observed. Blood pressure, lipid profile, and glycemia improved significantly. The average daily glyburide-equivalent dose decreased from 9.4 to 3.0 mg (p<0.01). DISCUSSION: Patients with diabetes lost less weight than similarly obese patients without diabetes. Regardless of differential weight loss between groups, cardiovascular disease risk factors improved. Hypoglycemic medication requirements decreased with weight loss therapy. A predictive relationship may exist between diabetes disease stage before weight loss therapy and future weight loss potential.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Weight control self-efficacy types and transitions affect weight-loss outcomes in obese women.

Matching obesity treatments to heterogeneous clients is a recent evolution in the development of more effective weight-control programs, yet most interventions emphasize the external features of treatments rather than the internal belief structures of individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Q methodology would identify distinct types of weight-control self-efficacy beliefs in obese women that would be linked to outcomes of a weight-loss program. Fifty-four women (45 +/- 9 yrs, Mean +/- SD) 136 +/- 10% over ideal body weight participated in a 9-month nutritional/behavioral weight loss program. Two major self-efficacy categories emerged through factor analysis of Q sorts: assureds and disbelievers. The assureds (n = 28) had the strongest self-efficacy beliefs and at baseline reported significantly (p < .01) greater self-esteem and less depression than the disbelievers (n = 26). By posttreatment, the assureds had lost significantly more weight (10 +/- 6 vs. 7 +/- 7 kg). Regrouping the data for analysis by posttreatment self-efficacy types demonstrated transitions in the self-efficacy beliefs of the women during treatment. Those who were disbelievers at baseline but became assureds posttreatment (n = 7) lost twice as much weight as the women who started and finished as disbelievers (n = 19) (10 +/- 7 kg vs. 5 +/- 5 kg). The posttreatment assureds (n = 32) lost significantly more weight than the disbelievers (n = 22) (10 +/- 6 vs. 6 +/- 5 kg), and reported better self esteem, mood, and eating patterns. Thus, assessment of intrinsic belief systems, particularly weight-control self-efficacy, may provide new directions for designing interventions that target distinctly different needs of obese women to affect greater weight loss and more positive affective states.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effect of standard vs extended Roux limb length on weight loss outcomes after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND: Increasing the length of the Roux limb in open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) effectively increases excess weight loss in superobese patients with a body mass index (BMI) >50 kg/m2. Extending the RYGB limb length for obese patients with a BMI < 50 could produce similar results. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of superobese patients undergoing laparoscopic RYGB with standard (< or =100-cm) with those undergoing the procedure with an extended (150-cm) Roux limb length over 1-year period of follow-up. METHODS: Retrospective data over 2.5 years were reviewed to identify patients with a BMI < 50 who underwent primary laparoscopic RYGB with 1-year follow-up ( n = 58). Forty-five patients (sRYGB group) received limb lengths < or = 100 cm, including 45 cm ( n = 1), 50 cm ( n = 2), 60 cm ( n = 6), 65 cm ( n = 1), 70 cm ( n = 1), 75 cm ( n = 3), and 100 cm ( n = 31). Thirteen patients (eRYGB group) received 150-cm limbs. Postoperative weight loss was compared at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. RESULTS: Comparing the sRYGB vs the eRYGB group (average +/- SD), respectively: There were no significant differences in age (41.5 +/- 11.0 vs 38.0 +/- 11.9 years), preoperative weight (119.2 +/- 11.9 vs 127.8 +/- 12.5 kg), BMI (43.7 +/- 3.0 vs 45.2 +/- 3.5 kg/m2), operative time (167.1 +/- 72.7 vs 156.5 +/- 62.4 min), estimated blood loss (129.9 +/- 101.1 vs 166.8 +/- 127.3 cc), or length of stay (median, 3 vs 3 days; range, 2-18 vs 3-19). Body weight decreased over time in both groups, except in the sRYGB group between 3 and 6 months and 6 and 12 months after surgery and in the eRYGB group between 6 and 12 months. BMI also decreased over time, except in the eRYGB group between 6 and 12 months. Absolute weight loss leveled out between 6 and 12 months in both groups, with no increase after 6 months. Percent of excess weight loss did not increase in the eRYGB group after 6 months. An extended Roux limb did not significantly affect body weight, BMI, absolute weight loss, or precent of excess weight loss at any time point when the two groups were compared. A trend toward an increased proportion of patients with >50% excess weight loss ( p = 0.07) was observed in the extended Roux limb group. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, no difference in weight loss outcome variables were observed up to 1 year after laparoscopic RYGB. Thus, extending Roux limb length from < or =100 cm to 150 cm did not significantly improve weight loss outcome in patients with a BMI < 50 kg/m2.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Medical triggers are associated with better short- and long-term weight loss outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Medical events are often reported as triggers for weight loss, but it is unknown whether medical triggers result in better short- and long-term weight control. METHODS: The relationship between medical triggers and weight loss was examined in the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR), a database of individuals who have lost > or =30 lbs and kept it off for > or =1 year. Recall of weight loss triggers may become difficult over time, thus participants were limited to those reporting weight loss <5 years ago. Three groups were examined: (1) participants with medical triggers (N = 207), (2) participants with nonmedical triggers (N = 539), and (3) participants with no trigger (N = 171). RESULTS: Participants with medical triggers were older than those with nonmedical triggers or no trigger (50.5 +/- 11.7, 44.9 +/- 11.8, 46.7 +/- 13.3 years; P = 0.0001), had a higher initial BMI at entry into the NWCR (26.1 +/- 5.0, 25.0 +/- 4.3, 24.8 +/- 4.4 kg/m2; P = 0.004), and were more likely to be male (37.1%, 18%, 17.2%; P = 0.0001). Participants with medical triggers reported greater initial weight loss than those with nonmedical triggers or no trigger (36.5 +/- 25.0, 31.8 +/- 16.6, 31.8 +/- 17.1 kg; P = 0.01). Participants with medical triggers also gained less weight over 2 years of follow-up than those with nonmedical triggers or no trigger (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Medical triggers may produce a teachable moment for weight control, resulting in better initial weight loss and long-term maintenance.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Personality traits predicting weight loss outcome in obese patients.

A personality inventory, the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), was administered to a group of 28 severely obese patients before treatment with jaw fixation. Several items significantly predicted incapacity to maintain the achieved weight loss 1 year after treatment: anxiety, monotony avoidance, suspiciousness and a low degree of socialization. These personality traits constitute a syndrome of ego weakness or impulsivity which warrants further study.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Analysis of weight loss outcomes using VLCD in black and white overweight and obese women with and without metabolic syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of very low calorie diet (VLCD) in black and white obese women. Changes in weight, metabolic profile, and body composition are assessed. METHOD: Patients are enrolled in a self-paid, university-based, outpatient weight loss program. All are prescribed VLCD (500-800 Cal/day), an exercise regimen, and group behavioral counseling. Black and white patients are matched for age, weight, body mass index, and by metabolic syndrome (MS) status. RESULTS: A total of 304 black and white women (152 in each group) were included the analysis. Approximately 40% of patients had MS (white women: 39.5%; black women: 41.2%). Mean baseline weights were similar. After 12 weeks, weight reduction of 9.97% was seen in white women and 9.02% drop was seen in black women (both P<0.0001). However, the degree of weight change was not different between the groups (P = 0.244). Marked improvements in fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, and blood pressures (BP) were observed (all P<0.01); however, no difference between cohorts were seen. Patients with MS had higher baseline weight, BP, glucose and triglyceride levels when compared to patients without MS (all P<0.01). Significant reductions in % body fat were seen in white and black patients, independent of MS status. CONCLUSION: Obese patients, independent of race, were able to achieve significant weight loss when enrolled in a structured outpatient program. Weight loss significantly correlated with all aspects of MS. Our results suggest that differences seen in past studies may be influenced by socioeconomic and behavioral factors rather than differences in physiological response to dieting.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The relationship between self-monitoring, outcome expectancies, difficulties with eating and exercise, and physical activity and weight loss treatment outcomes.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: During a behavioral weight loss program (BWLP), weight loss and exercise can vary considerably from week to week. Weekly fluctuations in outcome expectancies and perceived difficulties with eating and exercise may be associated with weekly variability in weight loss and exercise. Also, inconsistent self-monitoring of exercise may be associated with poor weight loss and physical activity treatment outcomes. METHODS: Forty obese, sedentary participants completed a 6-month BWLP. Body weight, outcome expectancies, and difficulties with eating and exercise were assessed weekly. Weekly self-monitoring of exercise was computed from physical activity diaries. Physical activity, VO2max, and caloric intake were assessed pre- and posttreatment. RESULTS: Within-subjects analyses indicated that participants exercised less during weeks that participants reported greater difficulties with exercise, relative to weeks participants reported fewer difficulties. Participants lost significantly more weight during weeks that participants reported more positive outcome expectancies and greater difficulties with exercise, compared to weeks participants reported less positive outcome expectancies and fewer difficulties with exercise. Consistent self-monitoring of exercise was associated with fewer difficulties with exercise and greater exercise and weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that are targeted to increase self-monitoring and to improve transient difficulties with exercise and diminished outcome expectancies may improve BWLP treatment outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effects of outcome-driven insurance reimbursement on short-term weight control.

CONTEXT: Although most health insurers exclude coverage of weight control therapy, one local insurer offered partial reimbursement of the cost of a weight control program, using an incentive plan. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether outcome-driven insurer-based reimbursement improves participation in a weight control program and short-term weight loss outcomes. DESIGN: Cohort follow-up study between January 1998 and February 2001. SETTING: Community weight management program operated by an academic medical center. SUBJECTS: Obese participants who had the potential for reimbursement (Group A, n=25) and participants in the same program classes (Group B, n=100) who had no possibility for reimbursement. Subjects in Group B were selected from among 206 potential participants using a propensity score to match them with subjects in Group A on age, gender, ethnicity, starting BMI, starting weight, and educational, economic, and demographic variables. INTERVENTION: Group lifestyle-based weight management program. The insurer reimbursed half the cost of the program to obese participants who met minimum weight criteria, paid the program fee at enrollment, attended > or =10 of the 12 classes, and lost > or =6% of initial body weight after 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participation rates and weight loss outcomes. RESULTS: Group A subjects attended significantly more classes (mean+/-s.d.: 10.1+/-1.8 vs 8.2+/-2.5, P<0.001) and lost more weight than Group B subjects (6.1+/-3.1 vs 3.7+/-3.6%, P=0.002). While 84% of Group A subjects attended > or =10 classes, only 37% of Group B subjects did so (P<0.001); 56% of Group A subjects lost > or =6% of body weight, but only 20% of Group B subjects did so (P<0.001); 56% of Group A subjects achieved both the class attendance and weight loss goals, but only 14% of Group B subjects did so (P<0.001). Logistic regression estimated that Group A subjects had 8.2 times the odds of attending > or =10 classes and 4.5 times the odds of losing > or =6% of body weight of Group B subjects, after controlling for class attendance. CONCLUSIONS: Insurer-based reimbursement that is contingent upon initial financial commitment on the part of the patient, consistent program participation, and successful weight loss is associated with significantly better short-term weight control outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prognostic markers for diet-induced weight loss in obese women.

OBJECTIVE: To identify prognostic metabolic and hormonal markers for long-term weight loss outcome in obese women. DESIGN: Dietary intervention consisting of 36 weeks treatment by a 4.2 MJ/d low-fat high carbohydrate diet, and follow-up 2 1/2 years after termination of treatment. SETTING: Outpatient clinic in Copenhagen. SUBJECTS: Forty consecutive female obese patients aged 15 to 62 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Weight loss. RESULTS: The maximum weight loss (mean 16.2 kg, 95% CI 14.2-18.2) was positively associated to pre-treatment 24-h energy expenditure (P < 0.01), fat oxidation (%) (P < 0.02), plasma dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (P < 0.01), and to postprandial noradrenaline concentration (P < 0.04). Together these factors could explain 41% of the variation in maximum weight loss. Only 24-h EE and DHT had predictive power on weight loss after 36 weeks. Weight losses in upper and lower tertiles of DHT concentrations were 17.7 kg (14.1-21.4) and 9.8 kg (6.2-13.3) (P < 0.02). The adjusted relative risk of losing < 10 kg in the upper compared to the lower DHT tertile was 12% (4-32%). At 2 1/2 y follow-up 21 patients had maintained some of the weight loss (54%), while 14 patients had maintained > 5 kg weight loss (36%). High levels of pre-treatment DHT were also associated with better weight loss at 2 1/2 y follow-up. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that in particular DHT, but also 24-h EE, fat oxidation, and plasma noradrenaline, may be prognostic markers for weight loss outcome in obese women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Binge eating and weight loss in a self-help behavior modification program.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the occurrence of binge eating and its impact on weight loss outcomes among obese participants in the Trevose Behavior Modification Program, a lay-administered, lay-directed self-help weight loss program offering continuing care. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Participants completed questionnaires, and weight loss data were recorded prospectively. RESULTS: Although objective bulimic episodes were reported by 41% of the sample, objective bulimic episodes were not associated with worse weight loss outcomes. Mean weight loss after 12 months was 18.2 kg (18.8% of initial body weight) for the treatment completers and 10.3 kg (10.5% of initial body weight) for the full sample (using intent-to-treat analyses, with baseline scores carried forward). DISCUSSION: Substantial long-term weight loss, resulting from a continuing care treatment program, occurred in individuals both with and without frequent binge eating.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1999

Binge status as a predictor of weight loss treatment outcome.

OBJECTIVE: A widely held clinical belief is that individuals with binge eating problems fare poorly in weight loss programs. The empirical evidence regarding the prognostic significance of binge eating, however, is mixed. The goals of this study were to examine psychological and behavioral characteristics associated with binge eating and the prognostic significance of binge eating for short- and long-term weight loss in a large sample of women treated for obesity. DESIGN: The dataset used in the current study was a combined sample of women (n = 444) who participated in one of three behavioral weight loss research studies. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Measures of dieting and weight history were obtained at baseline. Body weight, the Binge Eating Scale (BES), a measure of perceived barriers to weight loss, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire, and the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire were assessed at baseline, 6 months and 18 months. Regression analyses examined cross-sectional associations between the BES and the other variables at baseline, prospective associations between baseline BES and changes in weight and the psychological and behavioral variables over time, and temporal covariations between BES and the other variables over time. RESULTS: Cross-sectional analyses showed baseline binge eating status to be strongly associated with dieting history, weight cycling, depressive symptomatology and perceived barriers to weight loss. Women with binge eating problems were also more likely to drop out of treatment. Baseline binge status was not associated with 6-month weight loss, but was weakly predictive of less weight loss success at 18 months. Binge status at baseline did not predict changes in dietary intake, physical activity, perceived barriers to weight loss or depressive symptomatology at either 6 months or 18 months. In time-dependent covariance analyses, changes in BES scores were significantly associated with changes in body weight, independent of changes in dietary intake and physical activity. However, when depression scores are included in the analysis, the association between binge score and body weight was no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that baseline binge status was a weak prognostic indicator of success in women who are moderately obese and are seeking treatment for weight loss. Although assessments of binge status covary with weight loss and regain, the relationship appears to be mediated by psychological dysphoria.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Leptin, superoxide dismutase, and weight loss: initial leptin predicts weight loss.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to study how plasma leptin concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and weight loss are related in obese adults. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Serum leptin concentration, SOD activities, general biochemical data, and body composition measurements were obtained for 62 overweight and obese subjects before and after an 8-week body weight reduction (BWR) regimen. The subjects were on dietary control, performed moderate aerobic and strength training exercises, and attended educational lectures. RESULTS: The measurement results indicated that the following criteria were significantly reduced: body weight [84.4 +/- 17.0 vs. 79.3 +/- 16.1 (standard error) kg, p < 0.001]; BMI (31.5 +/- 4.3 vs. 29.4 +/- 4.2 kg/m(2), p < 0.001), and fat mass (33.3 +/- 10.0 vs. 29.8 +/- 10.4 kg, p < 0.001). Plasma leptin levels also significantly decreased from 31.5 +/- 17.6 to 26.5 +/- 17.2 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Additionally, SOD activity was significantly increased from 261.4 +/- 66.0 to 302.7 +/- 30.9 U/mL (p < 0.001). Based on linear regression analysis results, a 3.78- to 8.13-kg reduction in weight can be expected after the 8-week BWR regimen when initial leptin concentration was 5 to 30 ng/mL. DISCUSSION: We found that an 8-week exercise and diet program was effective in reducing weight and fat mass and, notably, had further beneficial effects on leptin resistance and SOD activity. Additionally, this study demonstrated that initial plasma leptin concentration may be used as a predictor for weight loss outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A prospective comparison of vertical banded gastroplasty and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a non-superobese population.

BACKGROUND: In the non-superobese population, consensus is currently unavailable in bariatric surgery. We report the results of a prospective comparison of vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) in a non-superobese population. METHODS: From 1994 to 2000, 179 patients with clinically severe obesity underwent various surgical procedures in our department. During this time a prospective study was undertaken in order to compare VBG with RYGBP in morbidly obese patients with a BMI <50 kg/m2. Based on specific criteria including eating behavior, 68 patients were selected to undergo RYGBP and 35 VBG. All patients have undergone complete follow-up evaluation at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and every year thereafter. RESULTS: All patients have now completed their 5th postoperative year. Mean follow-up period to date is 96.5+/-12.2 months for VBG and 67.6+/-11.3 months for RYGBP. 3 patients (8.6%) in the VBG group and 9 patients (13.2%) in the RYGBP group are lost to follow-up. Mean excess weight loss (EWL) was always better in the RYGBP group (P=0.0013). The percentage of failure, defined as EWL <25%, was not significantly different between the two procedures. No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in the total number of non-metabolic complications, and the only statistically significant difference observed in metabolic complications was vitamin B12 deficiency after RYGBP. Frequency of vomiting was significantly less and quality of eating significantly better in RYGBP than in VBG patients. CONCLUSION: This prospective long-term study, with nearly complete follow-up, suggests that in the non-superobese population, preoperative eating habits may play a role in choosing the most appropriate bariatric operation for each patient. Although RYGBP is associated with better mean weight loss outcomes, the percentage of patients who achieved and maintained > or = 50% EWL after VBG in this pre-selected patient population was not significantly different. Each type of operation has advantages and disadvantages, and, if properly chosen, a purely restrictive procedure can be successful for some patients. Therefore, it can be said that the decision regarding which bariatric procedure to perform in non-superobese patients must be based on in-depth preoperative evaluation as well as the patients' own preferences and outcome expectations.

Adult↗