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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

How, When, and for Whom Does Daily Weight Bias Internalization Undermine Body Image Satisfaction? A Daily Diary Study of Perceived Weight, Exercise Duration, and Gender Differences Among Adolescents.

Although body image satisfaction is increasingly recognized as a dynamic experience that fluctuates across daily contexts, little is known about how weight bias internalization shapes these fluctuations or the cognitive mechanisms and contextual factors involved. The present study examined whether perceived weight mediates the association between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction, whether exercise duration moderates this association, and whether these effects differ by gender. Daily diary data were collected over 10 consecutive days from 305 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.59 years, SD = 0.63 years; 49.2% girls). Multilevel analyses revealed that, at both within- and between-person levels, higher weight bias internalization was associated with lower body image satisfaction. Perceived weight significantly mediated the association between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction at both levels. Additionally, exploratory analyses using dynamic structural equation modeling further indicated that perceived weight mediated the relationship between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction at the between-person level, but not at the within-person level. Furthermore, exercise duration moderated the association between perceived weight and body image satisfaction among female adolescents but not among male adolescents. Specifically, the negative association between perceived weight and body image satisfaction was stronger on days when girls engaged in more exercise than usual and among girls with higher average exercise duration. In addition, exercise duration moderated the indirect association between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction through perceived weight at both within- and between-person levels among girls. These findings highlight the dynamic cognitive processes linking weight bias internalization to body image satisfaction, and the importance of considering gender and daily exercise context in understanding adolescents' body image experiences.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Importance of heart weight, weights of cardiac ventricles and left ventricle plus septum/right ventricle ratio in assessing cardiac hypertrophy.

The present communication deals with the observations made during the study of 140 hearts (138 from medico-legal postmortems and 2 from post-natal deaths). The formalin fixed heart was dissected to separate non-muscular portion (NMP), right ventricle (RV), and left ventricle with septum (LV + S). The weights of the different components of the adult heart were affected by sex and body built not by age or body length. In most of the hearts the total weight varied from 180 to 320 Gm, the weight of RV, from 40 to 80 Gm, and LV + S, from 100 to 180 Gm. NMP was neither affected by age nor by ventricular weight. The coefficient of correlation between the heart weight and NMP was 0.93. Heart weight in Gm could be represented as equaled to 38.89 + 4.09 NMP. LV + S/RV ratio ranged from 1.64-3.84 : 1 in males and 1.73--3.1 : 1 in females, averaged being 2.52 : 1 and 2.44 : 1 respectively. No correlation between the weights of RV and LV + S was found. An attempt has been made to lay down the criterion for normal heart and for ventricular hypertrophy. The importance of total heart weight, weights of ventricles and the ratio is assessment of cardiac hypertrophy is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Organ weights and organ:body weight ratios of the African white-tailed rat (Mystromys albicaudatus).

Fifty-three adult female and 51 adult male white-tailed rats (Mystromys albicaudatus) were killed with ether and weighed; the spleen, kidneys, liver, heart, lung, pancreas, brain and gonads were dissected free of adhering tissue and weighted. The mean absolute organ weight and organ:body weight ratios by sex and organ were calculated and compared. The male rats were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) heavier. The mean weight of the males was 110.0 +/- 23.8 g versus 82.9 +/- 16.1 g for the females. The absolute weights of the heart, liver and kidneys were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) greater for the males. The organ:body weight ratios, except for heart and brain (excluding ovary and testicle), were unaffected by sex. The heart to body weight ratio and the brain to body weight ratio were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) larger in female rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Heart weight as a function of body weight in mammals.

Linear regression analysis was carried out on logarithmically transformed heart weight and body weight data in 104 mammalian species. It was shown that heart weight varies as the 0.98 power of body weight over essentially the whole mammalian weight range. The coefficient of correlation between heart weight and body weight is 0.99. Student's test was employed to compare the slopes of the several regression lines as between male and female animals, and as between terrestrial and aquatic mammals. In neither case were the differences in slope found to be statistically significant (df greater than 177, p less than 0.5).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Responses to intensive training and methandrostenelone administration: II. Hormonal, organ weights, muscle weights and body composition.

The hormonal levels of the gonadotropins, the weight of selected organs and of the triceps surae as well as body composition were determined in Sprague Dawley rats at 3 and 6 weeks after intensive training with or without a methandrostenelone (Dianabol) supplement (0.35 mg/kg/day). The controls were sedentary rats of similar age and weight at the start of the experiment. The dianabol treated rats in the sedentary and exercise groups had a depression of plasma LH levels. There were no differences in body weight, specific gravity, lean body weight, fat or %fat between the two trained groups. Dianabol had no apparent effect on the measured parameters other than a depression of LH.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

Brain weight-body weight scaling in breeds of dogs and cats.

Autopsy data from 2,100 pet dogs are used to demonstrate that mean brain weight (y) in 26 breeds of dogs is related to mean body weight (x) by the function y = 0.39 x 0.27. Power functions with the exponent 0.27 appear to define intra-species brain-body weight scaling in several other species. These functions may serve as base lines for measuring increases or decreases in encephalization during species evolution. Curiously, averaged data from 1,250 domestic cats of 2 breeds can be plotted on a line with slope of 0.67, which is known to define inter- rather than intra-species brain-body weight scaling among mammals.

Anatomy, Comparative↗
PubMed2026

Comparison of Iodinated Contrast Doses Based on Total Body Weight and Lean Body Weight in Pediatric Patients: Impact on Image Quality and Contrast Exposure.

INTRODUCTION: Iodinated contrast dosing in pediatric computed tomography (CT) traditionally relies on total body weight (TBW), which may result in excessive contrast administration, particularly in patients with higher adiposity. Lean body weight (LBW)-based protocols have shown promise in adults but remain underexplored in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare contrast volume requirements and hepatic enhancement quality among three dosing protocols: LBW-based, TBW-based, and the Control Group (CG), based on the institutional standard for pediatric abdominal CT. METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 66 patients (age 0-16 years) undergoing contrast-enhanced abdominal CT between September 2023 and August 2024. Patients were randomly assigned to receive iodinated contrast (iobitridol 350mg I/mL) dosed by: (1) LBW (0.63 g iodine/kg x LBW, calculated using Peters formula; n = 23), (2) TBW (0.46 g iodine/kg x TBW; n = 20), or (3) institutional control protocol (2 mL/kg x TBW, equivalent to 0.7 g iodine/kg; n = 23). Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, Two-way ANOVA, ANCOVA, Scheirer-Ray-Hare, and Cohen's Kappa tests with Likert scale were used. RESULTS: The LBW group received lower median contrast volumes (27 mL; IQR, 10-80 mL) compared to the TBW group (34.5 mL; IQR, 18-78 mL) and the CG group (40 mL; IQR, 13-80 mL), although the differences did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). Notably, this reduction did not compromise hepatic enhancement, which remained comparable to the CG (552 ± 139 HU; P = 0.107). CONCLUSION: Lean body weight may be a useful parameter for estimating contrast dose in pediatric abdominal CT, potentially reducing administered volumes without compromising diagnostic image quality. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: These results provide early evidence that LBW-based dosing may support more individualized contrast administration in pediatric CT, potentially reducing exposure-related risks.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Familial aggregation of blood pressure and weight in adoptive families. I. Comparisons of blood pressure and weight statistics among families with adopted, natural, or both natural and adopted children.

Tests of homogeneity of means, variances and correlations for systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP and weight among subdivisions of a smple of adoptive families are presented. The means and variances of either type of BP, but not weight, were not significantly heterogeneous among families grouped according to the number of parents and children, natural and/or adopted, in the family unit. Estimates of correlation between family members wree not heterogeneous among subdivisions for each of the three variables. Our results indicate that these data are suitable for a genetic analysis of familial aggregation. Pooled correlations suggest that the degree of resemblance of BP and of weight between family members varies within and across generations. Correlations involving the adoptees were significantly different from zero only for diastolic BP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A study of birth weight, placental weight and mortality of twins as compared to singletons.

A study was made of 1655 sets of twins born between 1931 and 1975 in two clinical centres. Compared to singletons, twins were born three weeks earlier, weighed less at birth from 33 weeks to term and had smaller placentae from 21 to 22 weeks to term. The influence on birth weight fo sex was smaller in twins, the influence of parity greater. Because, compared to singletons, lower placental indices were found in twins up to 37 to 38 weeks, the conclusion is drawn that the retardation of growth in twins is to some extent due to the placenta itself. When singletons and twins of the same gestational age were compared, the mortality was found to be similar, somewhat lower in twins up to 37 to 38 weeks and higher afterwards. Monochorial twins were found to be born earlier, weigh less at birth and have a higher mortality than dichorial twins. Placental weights were not different and the conclusion is drawn that the retardation of growth in monochorial twins is to some extent due to the higher incidence of marginal and velamentous insertions of the umbilical cord associated with lower birth weights.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1979

The effect of different extraction procedures on two different molecular weight species of serum NSILA and on the carrier protein of small molecular weight NSILA (NSILA-S).

The influence of Dowex-50 adsorption chromatography on the recovery of two different forms of serum NSILA, large and small mol. wt. NSILA, and on the recovery of the binding protein of the small mol. wt. form was studied and compared with another extraction procedure, gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 in 1 M acetic acid. Partially purified NSILA-S is adsorbed to Dowex-50 at pH 6.8. It can be eluted with 20 mM NH4OH and appears unchanged with regard to its biological activity and molecular weight. Adsorption of 125I-labelled NSILA-S to Dowex-50 does not change its binding characteristics to serum. When serum is chromatographed on Sephedex G-50 in 1 M acetic acid, NSILA is obtained in a large and in a small molecular weight form (NSILA-S). After recombination of the small molecular weight NSILA fraction with the "stripped" serum fraction, which contains large mol. wt. NSILA and a specific carrier protein for NSILA-S, re-chromatography of this mixutre on Sephadex G-50 at neutral pH yields NSILA mostly in the void volume. It adsorbs to Dowex-50. After elution from Dowex, acidic gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 results in an elution pattern which is completely different from that of NSILA-S. Adsorption of serum to Dowex-50 results in a dramatic decrease of the NSILA-S binding activity. It is concluded that Dowex-50 adsorption chromatography of serum 1) inactivates most of the serum NSILA-S binding protein 2) leads to the loss of acid dissociable small mol. wt. NSILA (NSILA-S). Therefore, Dowex-50 adsorption chromatography is not suitable for the subsequent determination or further purification of NSILA-S from whole serum.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1976

[Correlations linking hypophysis and epiphysis volumes to body weight and brain weight in Simian and in man].

The human hypophyseal and epiphyseal volumes are quantitatively conformable to those of the simians studied. In simians and man, the hypophysis is better correlated to body weight and to brain weight than the epiphysis, as already observed by us in other Mammals (Insectivora, Prosimiano, Rodents and Chiroptera). The pineal gland must be correlated to a non essential somatic function that varies from one species to another at constant somatic weight.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of an homogeneous population of obeses people and of its regression of weight under hypocaloric diet in hospital. II. - Weight loss (author's transl)].

A study of 79 obese patients who were hospitalized and treated with a low calorie diet demonstrated that the weight loss occurred in a univocal manner, according to a semilogarithmic law. It was not influenced, as far as initial results were concerned, by the age, sex, or morphotype of the patient, or whether weight gain was recent or of long-standing. Factors affecting results, however, are the existence of functional signs, the amount of natriuresis during the first few days, and the quantity of alcohol ingested regularly. Short term results, one month after leaving hospital, appear to be moderate only. A diet supplying 800 calories causes weight loss at the expense of body fat. Individual variations in minimal calorie requirements during the treatment can be used as a basis for prescribing a personalized supplementary diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The status at two years of low-birth-weight infants born in 1974 with birth weights of less than 1,001 gm.

A two-year follow-up study of 43 infants of birth weight less than or equal to 1,000 gm born during 1974 revealed the following: average height at two years was between the tenth and twenty-fifth percentiles; average weight between the third and tenth percentiles. Fifteen (35%) developed lower respiratory tract infections during the first two years. Seven (16%) had retrolental fibroplasia. Major neurologic defects occurred in four (9%); severe developmental delay (mean developmental quotient less than 80) was found in nine others (21%). Defects of the central nervous system were closely associated with a neonatal history of intracranial hemorrhage or seizures or both.

Body Height↗
PubMed1979

Variation of serum ferritin in low birth weight infants with maternal ferritin, birth weight and gestational age.

Serum ferritin measured at birth in 69 low birth weight infants proved to vary with gestational age as well as with weight. The increase with gestational age was even more striking when the infants small for gestational age were excluded. The relation between maternal and infant serum ferritin concentration was investigated for 2 groups of infants and their mothers (*preterm and term infants, respectively). Neither in preterm nor in term infants was the serum ferritin found to vary with that in the respective mothers.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1978

Characterization of human high molecular weight kininogen. Procoagulant activity associated with the light chain of kinin-free high molecular weight kininogen.

Human high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen has been isolated and was found to be a single chain protein of approximately equal to 120,000 daltons. Upon digestion with plasma kallikrein bradykinin is generated, and SDS gel electrophoresis of the kinin-free protein reveals an apparent loss in size of 15,000 daltons. The kinin-free kininogen retains full activity as a coagulation factor and consists of two chains: a heavy chain of approximately equal to 66,000 daltons disulfide-linked to a light chain of 37,000 daltons. The heavy chain of HMW kininogen shares antigenic determinants with LMW kininogen and possesses no detectable coagulant activity. The isolated light chain is shown to be responsible for the coagulant activity of HMW kininogen and contains a unique antigenic determinant that distinguishes HMW kininogen from low molecular weight kininogen.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1979

Conversion of high molecular weight human epidermal growth factor (hEGF)/urogastrone (UG) to small molecular weight hEGF/UG by mouse EGF-associated arginine esterase.

Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) has previously been isolated from urine and appears to be identical to beta-urogastrone (UG), an inhibitor of stimulated gastric acid secretion. A high molecular weight (HMW) form of hEGF/UG has recently been found in human urine which is fully immunoreactive but is less bioactive as measured by receptor binding activity. A specific arginine esterase, the EGF-binding protein from mouse submandibular glands, was capable of cleaving HMW-hEGF to yield a small molecular weight (SMW)-hEGF with full immunoreactivity and bioactivity, whereas trypsin produced a SMW-hEGF with much less bioactivity. SMW-hEGF produced by the arginine esterase appeared to be immunologically, biologically (both by receptor binding and mitogenic activity) and chromatographically similar to highly purified hEGF. These data suggest that HMW-hEGF may play a precursor role in the biosynthesis of hEGF/UG in man.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Grippe and pregnancy. Relation of birth weight to placenta weight].

The different results that have been published concerning the problem of the final outcome for patients who have had influenza during pregnancy reported in numerous works might be explained by differences in methodology used by the different authors. A study was carried out in the Haguenau Maternity Hospital (Bas-Rhin) when an epidemic of influenza occurred in 1972-173. The virological diagnosis was made by carrying out separate serological estimations on 1940 pregnant women. It can be shown that the mean birthweight dropped in infants of mothers who had contracted influenza during pregnancy even when corrections were made for sex and the duration of the pregnancy. The drop in weight of the placenta (37.3 g as a mean) was more obvious and can totally explain the drop in fetal weight. It was not possible to demonstrate any increase in the number of congenital malformations that were found in the neonatal period in the infants born to women who had had influenza. These results suggest that there is no direct passage of the influenza virus across the placenta which, however, is itself modified by the infection.

Animals↗