PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “wound infection”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Infections of the skin caused by gram-negative pathogens. Foot infections--wound infections--folliculitis].

Gram-negative bacilli are ubiquitous. They are found in 10-15% of the intertriginous bacterial flora and the most important one is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Heat, moisture, mazeration, and reduction of the normal Gram-positive flora favor a rapid establishment of Gram-negative bacilli and the ensuing development of clinical infections. The diagnosis depends of the characteristic clinical features and localization, the patient's history, as well as the result of bacteriological investigation. The significance of the isolation of Gram-negative bacilli from non-specific lesions must be carefully evaluated. Cutaneous lesions respond well to therapy if they can be dried. Systemic antibiotics acting against Gram-negative bacilli have been found helpful. In patients with acne and Gram-negative folliculitis, isotretinoin has a good effect.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1991

Surgical wound infection.

Wound infections remain a major source of postoperative morbidity, accounting for about a quarter of the total number of nosocomial infections. Today, many of these infections are first recognized in the outpatient clinic or in the patient's home due to the large number of operations done in the outpatient setting. This leads to errors in establishing the true incidence of their occurrence but undoubtedly decreases the overall real cost and length of hospital stay. The pathogens implicated in the development of wound infections remain largely the human microorganisms from the exogenous environment and the endogenous organ microflora. Many perioperative factors have been identified that increase the incidence of the development of postoperative wound infection. Avoidance of these factors as well as the appropriate use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis has decreased the incidence of wound infection. During the last decade many studies have reported on the individual risk factors that favor the development of postoperative infectious complications in various surgical procedures. It is hoped that this knowledge may allow for prospective alterations in the preventative and therapeutic modalities in the high-risk patient in the studies designed in the 1990s. The use of effective infection surveillance both in the hospital and in the outpatient setting is mandatory in order to collect meaningful data. The use of computer technology will greatly facilitate the proper surveillance, analysis, and control of infections in the surgical patient.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

The effect of differing ambient oxygen tensions on wound infection.

Wound infections were studied in rabbits using two standard inocula (approximately equal to 10-4 and approximately equal to 10-6) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa injected into subcutaneous wound dead space made by implantation of standard wire mesh cylinders. The inoculation was done on the fourth day after implantation of the cylinders in animals kept from the day of implantation in atmospheres of 12%, 21%, or 45% oxygen content. Samples of wound fluid (0.2 ml) were removed for quantitative culture just before inoculation and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days later. No positive cultures resulted from samples taken before inoculation. One uninoculated wound served as a control in each animal. None of these control wounds became infected. Culture counts were significantly highest in the anoxic group and lowest in the hyperoxic group. Established infections were significantly lowest in the hyperoxics and highest in the hypoxics. The percent of wounds showing a significant culture count showed a similar trend. The mechanisms of this effect is not known, but a possible mechanism lies in the relative inability of leucocytes to kill this bacterium under hypoxic conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Urinary tract infection and wound infection in kidney transplant patients.

The frequency of urinary tract and wound infections was studied in 53 patients most of whom had received kidneys from donors without heart action. Urinary infection was demonstrated soon after the transplantation in 46 out of 47 with functioning kidneys. Recurrent infections took place during the first 3 months and still half of the patients were infected or under treatment 6 months after the operation. The urinary infection seems mainly to arise via indwelling catheters. Wound infections were demonstrated in 18 out of the 53 patients and in addition abscess formation took place in 9 of these. In the majority of the infected wounds previous infected drains were demonstrated. In all, 36 of the patients had infected drains, the use of which therefore is to be avoided.

Abscess↗
PubMed1990

Post-operative urinary tract infection and wound infection in women undergoing caesarean section: a comparison of two study periods in 1985 and 1987.

In 1985 and 1987 women undergoing Caesarean section were studied for the development of post-catheterization bacteriuria, urinary tract infection and wound infection. In 1985, 34% developed bacteriuria compared to 25% in 1987. Post-catheterization bacteriuria within two days was reduced by improved catheterization techniques. Late urinary tract infection after 5 days occurred in 2% of women in 1985 and 6% in 1987. The commonest bacteria were Escherichia coli and enterococci. Post-catheterization bacteriuria was only confirmed in a second urine specimen in 53%. The incidence of wound infection was 20% in 1985 and 15.8% in 1987 but bacterial pathogens were only isolated from 12.5% and 5.1% respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 60% of infected women. Antimicrobial usage was high in this group of women at 41% in 1985 and 27% in 1987. A significant reduction of usage from 37% to 16% was seen in bacteriologically confirmed infections where the laboratory reports were only issued after examination of a second specimen. However most symptomatic women received treatment. The incidence of post-operative infective complications is high in women having Caesarean section. Careful urethral catheterization techniques are necessary to prevent bacteriuria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Toxic shock syndrome in 2 girls with pharyngeal infection and wound infection].

In 1981, a 13 year old girl died of her shock lung. She had been admitted with the classical toxic shock syndrome then still unknown to us. Staphylococcus aureus had been cultured from a pharyngeal swab. But even in 1987, it took us 48 hours to correctly diagnose the toxic shock syndrome in a 17 year old girl. The diagnosis became evident when she was found to have a staphylococcus aureus wound infection after a surgical procedure. For pediatricians, it is crucial to know this syndrome well. Not only menstruating girls using tampons, but also quite young children can acquire this disease. Quick diagnosis and prompt institution of the correct therapy can be life saving.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New aspects on the pathophysiology of wound infection and wound healing--the problem of lowered oxygen pressure in the tissue.

There is a correlation between tissue oxygen tension, incidence of infection and disturbance of wound healing. Scientific investigations in recent years have documented that infection and tissue repair are processes consuming oxygen. Animal experiments have shown that oxygenation of the tissue is essential for the elimination of pathogens, the stimulation of phagocytosis as well as for the degradation of dead tissue structures and the synthesis of new tissue structures. Hypoxia and hypovolemia are of crucial significance for the impairment of organ functions. An effective therapy for disorders of oxygenation has not been feasible so far, except for clinical anesthesiological efforts to increase the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. However, it has recently been possible to synthesize an oxygen carrier which supports respiratory oxygen physiologically. With tetrachlorodecaoxide (TCDO), a causal therapeutic concept for the topical treatment of infected hypoxic wounds with chronic disturbance of wound healing has been introduced for the first time.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Wound infection surveillance.

Wound infection surveillance is the information-gathering arm of a wound infection control program. Wound infection control concerns prevention--not therapy--of an infrequent but expensive kind of surgical morbidity. Topics discussed in this article include the effectiveness of wound infection surveillance; turf issues; phenomenology; and the gathering, reporting, manipulating, and use of wound infection data.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1975

Wound infections in renal transplant wounds: pathogenetic and prognostic factors.

The factors contributing to transplant wound infection, as well as those determining its outcome, have been reviewed in 27 transplant patients with wound infection. Unrelated cadaver kidneys, diabetes, urinary fistulas and wound hematomas are all factors predisposing to wound infection. Overall incidence of wound infection in this series was 6.1% (27/439). When infections secondary to known preventable causes (i.e. hematomas and fistulas) were excluded, the incidence of wound infection was only 1.6%. Furthermore, if diabetics and retransplanted patients were excluded, the incidence of wound infection in non-diabetic patients who had their first transplant was only 0.7%. Perinephric infections are much more serious and carry a worse prognosis than superficial infections. Overall mortality of wound infections was 40% (8/27), most deaths being caused by sepsis from deep infection. Only three patients (11%) healed their wounds and saved their kidneys, whereas the rest of the survivors (15/18) healed their wounds but lost their kidneys. It is emphasized that prevention of hematomas and urinary fistulas is the most important measure in the prevention of transplant wound infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Wound infection after cholecystectomy. Correlation between bacteria in bile and wound infection after operation on the gallbladder for acute and chronic gallstone disease.

OBJECTIVE: To see if there was a difference in the wound infection rates after operation for acute and chronic cholecystitis, and to see if the presence of bacteria in the bile had any influence on those rates. DESIGN: Prospective open study. SETTING: University hospital. SUBJECTS: 213 Patients undergoing cholecystectomy for acute or chronic gallstone disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of postoperative wound infection, and of bile cultures growing pathogenic organism. RESULTS: There was no difference in wound infection rates between patients operated on for acute and those operated on for chronic cholecystitis. The presence of bacteria in the bile did not seem to influence the wound infection rate in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Early cholecystectomy and appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis result in an acceptably low wound infection rate, and the growth of bacteria from bile is not predictive of the development of wound infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

The epidemiology of 2056 remote site infections and 1966 surgical wound infections occurring in 1865 patients: a four year study of 40,923 operations at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital, Chicago.

Over a 4-year period 40,923 operations and 44,716 surgical admissions were monitored for both community and hospital onset infections. One thousand eight hundred sixty-five patients had 1966 surgical wound infections and 2056 remote infections including 1652 hospital onset and 404 community onset infections. One thousand one hudnred forty-four patients with multiple infections averaged 40 days in the hospital contrasted with 24 days for 721 patients with a single wound infection. The total excess cost of hospitalization for these patients was $951,150. A statistically significant reduction occurred for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory infections and clean and contaminated surgical wound infections. It is suggested that these are all inter-related and a significant reduction in surgical wound infections can be achieved through control of infections at remote sites, particularly those associated with medical devices. The coagulase positive staphylococcus is still the most important single bacterial species in the primary etiology of surgical wound infections. When the gastrointestinal tract is entered or "supra" infecting organisms appear, gram negative bacteria and mixed gram negative and gram positive infections are dominant. Reduction in remote site infections occurring in surgical patients is necessary to reduce the incidence of surgical wound infections, suggest preventive and control measures, and document the effectiveness of such measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Wound infections in general surgery. Wound contamination, rates of infection and some consequences.

Rates of wound infection have been studied in a clinic performing to an equal degree both clean surgery and potentially contaminated surgery. Included in the study were 2827 patients with 213 (7.5%) postoperative wound infections. The postoperative mortality was 2.1%. Primary illness and cardiovascular complications were the main causes of postoperative death, while infectious complications (pneumonia, peritonitis and wound infection) were associated with or caused 1/3 of all postoperative deaths. Positive cultures from the wound before closure and from the wound dressings, immediately after operation, were followed by an increased risk of wound infection compared to negative cultures. Rates of wound infection were significantly higher in potentially contaminated operations compared to clean operations. Gram negative bacteria dominated in isolates from infected wounds after the former type of surgery, while S. aureus was the most common bacteria in wound infections after clean surgery. The time interval between operation and the discovery of wound infection was in the mean 10 days for staphylococci, and 9 days for Gram negative bacteria. The average time of hospitalization for patients contracting postoperative wound infections was 9 days longer than that for non-infected patients, which means that 3.4% of all nursing days were lost owing to excess hospitalization of infected patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2024

Development of a clinical metagenomics workflow for the diagnosis of wound infections.

BACKGROUND: Wound infections are a common complication of injuries negatively impacting the patient's recovery, causing tissue damage, delaying wound healing, and possibly leading to the spread of the infection beyond the wound site. The current gold-standard diagnostic methods based on microbiological testing are not optimal for use in austere medical treatment facilities due to the need for large equipment and the turnaround time. Clinical metagenomics (CMg) has the potential to provide an alternative to current diagnostic tests enabling rapid, untargeted identification of the causative pathogen and the provision of additional clinically relevant information using equipment with a reduced logistical and operative burden. METHODS: This study presents the development and demonstration of a CMg workflow for wound swab samples. This workflow was applied to samples prospectively collected from patients with a suspected wound infection and the results were compared to routine microbiology and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS: Wound swab samples were prepared for nanopore-based DNA sequencing in approximately 4 h and achieved sensitivity and specificity values of 83.82% and 66.64% respectively, when compared to routine microbiology testing and species-specific qPCR. CMg also enabled the provision of additional information including the identification of fungal species, anaerobic bacteria, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and microbial species diversity. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that CMg has the potential to provide an alternative diagnostic method for wound infections suitable for use in austere medical treatment facilities. Future optimisation should focus on increased method automation and an improved understanding of the interpretation of CMg outputs, including robust reporting thresholds to confirm the presence of pathogen species and AMR gene identifications.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

The impact of postdischarge infection on surgical wound infection rates.

We undertook a study of postdischarge infections to assess the reliability of a surgical wound surveillance program in a 930-bed teaching hospital. During a six-month period, a subset of operations performed each day was randomly selected and patients interviewed by telephone one month postsurgery using a standard set of questions. The infection rate for all patients contacted directly postdischarge was 5.4%, whereas the surgical wound infection rate determined for all procedures through the standard hospital program was 1.5%. For day-surgery patients, who are not routinely followed in the hospital surveillance program, 8 (7.8%) of 103 patients contacted had infection. Thus, the overall surgical infection rate determined in this study was over three times higher than that calculated using standard surveillance. A reliable method for identifying postdischarge wound infections is necessary to ensure accurate surgical wound infection rates.

Follow-Up Studies↗