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Biomedical subjects

A A Adarchenko

Publications and source records attributed to A A Adarchenko.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Multicomponent dressing media in treatment of suppurated wounds].

The multicomponent dressing medium (MDM) has been developed for treatment of festered wounds. The first layer consists of hydrofibrosed gauze with chlorhexidine being introduced into its structure in quantity of 0.2-0.5 mass %. The second layer of MDM is chlorhexidinum salt of monocarboxylcellulose with carboxyl group content of 12-22 mass % and chlorhexidine content being 1-2 mass %. The third layer is polyamide pellicle with the pores less than 1 micron in diameter. The created MDM possess significant capillar-transport, absorption, anti-adhesive and prolongated antimicrobial properties, prevents development of secondary infection and "hotbed" effect in the wound.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[The dynamics of the antiseptic resistance of the causative agents of soft-tissue suppurative-inflammatory diseases in children].

Opening of purulent foci in children with pyo-inflammatory diseases (PID) of soft tissues often leads to detection of staphylococcus aureus in the monoculture and different associations of this microbe with gram-negative bacteria in amounts exceeding the "critical level" responsible for the development of PID. Repeated examinations revealed a 2 times decreased frequency of detection of staphylococcus monocultures and 1.5 time less diversity of the association of microorganisms. Most efficient antiseptics among the investigated ones in relation to bacteria isolated in the opened purulent foci were found to be iodopyron, pervomur, boric acid, resorcinum, dioxidine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Experimental substantiation of population heterogeneity in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

A comprehensive intraspecies typing of the cultures of MRSA collected during inspection of drug resistance in causative agents of intrahospital infections was performed. The following parameters were investigated: antibiotic resistance, toxin production, sensitivity to the phages of the International Set and the phages of an experimental collection providing the isolation of strains with definite specificity of the restriction-modification system. Different clones of methicillin resistant S. aureus were found to be circulating on the territory of the CIS.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1991

[Antimicrobial properties of fibrous cellulose and other polymeric materials modified with chlorhexidine].

Since fibrous cellulose and other polymeric materials are widely used as dressings, it was of interest to study the mechanism of the antimicrobial action of the products from such materials physically and chemically modified by chlorhexidine, a broad spectrum antiseptic. As vehicles and prolongation agents the following products were used: dressing gauze and cation exchange derivatives of cellulose and starch i.e. monocarboxycellulose (MCC), phosphate cellulose (PC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), monocarboxyl starch (MCS) and alginic acid (AA), a natural compound. It was shown that chemical attachment of chlorhexidine provided a 2-4-fold increase in the antimicrobial effect of the preparations as compared to the use of physical sorption. The antimicrobial effect of the polymeric form of chlorhexidine based on MCC and PC was much higher than that based on MCC, MCS and AA.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1991

[A comparative analysis of the antibacterial activity of antiseptics and antibiotics on samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

Antibiotic and antiseptic preparations, currently used in medical practice, have been tested on the same P. aeruginosa samples and compared by the amplitude of their minimal inhibiting concentration (MIC) values, determined as the average MIC values for the samples under test, by the proportion of variants resistant to the tested preparations, by the distribution of strains in the resistance spectrum, and by the pace of the increase of resistant variants under natural conditions in 5-10 years. On the basis of the results obtained in this study a conclusion has been made that in some cases of local application antiseptic preparations have advantages over antibiotics, especially in controlling hospital strains of microorganisms. The authors believe that the heterogeneity of microbial populations, as well as the frequency of the appearance of resistant variants and the activity of the mechanisms of their selection in hospitals, is of great importance in the development of new preparations, in the re-evaluation of currently used preparations and in the choice of the optimum preparation in concrete situations.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative study of the effect of antibiotics and antiseptics on Staphylococcus aureus].

The routinely used antibiotics and antiseptics were compared with the same staphylococcal isolates by MIC ranges, the mean MIC for the strains, proportion of the variants resistant to the drugs, distribution of the strains by the resistance spectra and the number increase rate for the resistant variants in natural populations within 5-10-year periods. It was concluded that when used locally the antiseptics had some advantages over the antibiotics especially with respect to hospital strains. The authors believe that in developing new drugs, ++re-estimation of the routinely used ones, choosing the optimal drug for a particular case it is more important to consider the heterogeneity of microbial populations, the frequency of resistant variants and activity of the mechanisms of their selection under hospital conditions.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

[An evaluation of the sensitivity to antiseptic preparations of clinical strains of microorganisms in the family Enterobacteriaceae].

Classical enterobacterial strains are sensitive to the working concentrations of pervomur, dioxydine, resorcinol, sodium sulfacyl, iodopyrone, chlorhexidine and boric acid, resistant to the action of cetyplyridinium chloride, rivanol, roccal and ethonium. In enterobacterial populations strains with acquired resistance to chloramine B, iodopyrone, chlorhexidine and resorcinol are present. Hospital strains of enterobacteria are characterized by higher, in comparison with extrahospital strains, resistance to ethonium, sodium sulfacyl, lodopyrone, chloramine B and resorcinol.

Abscess↗
PubMed1989

[An index of the activity of antiseptics].

A new parameter is suggested: the antiseptic activity index (AAI), representing a ratio of the antiseptic concentration recommended for practice to its minimal suppressing concentration (MSC) for a certain bacterial strain or X + 2S MSC (the mean arithmetic value with two sigmas) for a population, species, or group of closely related species. This index has been determined in extrahospital and hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus (342 strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (277 strains), and Enterobacteriaceae (500 strains). AAI gives a quantitative characterization of the antiseptic activity and of bacterial sensitivity to antiseptics, it is recommended for practical therapeutic and prophylactic antiseptics.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1989

[Antiseptic sensitivity of clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

MICs, the frequency of clinical and statistic resistance and the antiseptic activity index were studied in complex on out-of-hospital and hospital ecovars of P. aeruginosa. The forms resistant to a number of antiseptics, i.e. chloramine B, chlorhexidine, decamethoxine and dioxidine whose frequency eventually increased were shown to be widely distributed. The antiseptic sensitivity spectrum was more narrow and more heterogeneous than that of other bacteria, the heterogeneity level being dependent on the antiseptic type and bacterial ecovar. The activity of pervomur, phenol, resorcin and boric acid was higher against the clinical strains of P. aeruginosa while iodopyrin, sulfacetamide sodium and dioxidine were less active. The P. aeruginosa strains had natural resistance to cetylpyridinium chloride, rokkal, ethonium, sodium laurate and laurylsulfate and rivanol. It was recommended to assay antiseptic sensitivity of agents causing purulent inflammatory infections and to control circulation of antiseptic resistant variants of bacteria in hospitals.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1989

[Antiseptic resistance of clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus].

To evaluate the activity of antiseptics and the sensitivity-resistance of bacteria to antiseptics, a number of characteristics has been used, including the minimum inhibiting concentration for different strains, the frequency of statistical and clinical resistance, the antiseptic activity index. A wide spread of S. aureus strains isolated from patients with hospital infections has been revealed. Differences in the resistance of bacterial strains have been established, depending on the type of the antiseptic and the ecovar of bacteria: among hospital ecovars, resistant strains occur more frequently and can resist a wider range of antibiotics. In staphylococcal hospital ecovars the occurrence and level of resistance to a number of widely used antiseptics increase with time. In connection with a wide spread of staphylococcal hospital strains resistant to antiseptics, measures on the control of the circulation of such strains should be introduced into hospitals, and the data thus obtained should be used for the periodic reevaluation of antiseptics used in medical practice and for the choice of preparations to be used for individual therapeutic and prophylactic antisepsis.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1986

[Mechanism of the antibacterial action of monocarboxycellulose and other ion-exchange derivatives of cellulose].

The mechanism of the antibacterial effect of monocarboxyl cellulose (MCC) and other ion exchange derivatives of cellulose was studied. It was shown that MCC, cellulose phosphate and aminocellulose had a pronounced antibacterial effect due to the presence of the ionogenic group H+ or OH- in the initial drugs. A certain role in this process was played by sorption. The level of the antibacterial activity of MCC depended on the number of the carboxylic groups. MCC is promising as a dressing material.

Bandages↗
PubMed1985

Sources of intrapopulation variability in causative agents of nosocomial infection.

The mechanisms of heterogeneity of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa populations of pathological foci in patients with wound, traumatic, and burns infections were studied. It has been established that populations of the mentioned species in the sources of infection (patients and carriers) are pronouncedly heterogeneous and objects in the external environment serving as factors of transmission are contaminated with a whole complex of diverse variants. The conclusion can therefore be drawn that the first source of intrapopulation variability of wound populations of microbes is the presence of varying strains and variants in the infecting dose of the causative agent. The second source consists in repeated superinfection (immigration) of pathological processes by new, usually nosocomial, strains and variants of the same species with their subsequent selection during the patients' stay in the health-service establishment. Other sources of population variability, such as mutation and recombination, are of minor importance. With respect to the obtained results it is necessary to increase the volume of the representative sample of cultures in bacteriological diagnosis of open processes, to protect them reliably from superinfection, to follow up dynamically changes in the composition of causative agents and to provide for suitable correction of chemotherapy.

Burns↗
PubMed1984

[Sensitivity of Candida strains to polyenic antibiotics in the treatment of oral candidiasis].

Sensitivity of 146 clinical strains of Candida albicans to nystatin, levorin and amphoglucamine was studied on solid media with the replica method. The strains were isolated from 79 patients with candidiasis of the oral mucosa. It was found that sensitivity of the fungi to the polyenic antibiotics was different which should be considered in treatment of candidiasis. On the basis of the mean MICs for the clinical strains and their distribution by the MICs it was shown that the activity level of levorin and amphoglucamine was higher than that of nystatin. During the treatment resistance of the Candida strains to the polyenic antibiotics increased and cross resistance developed which required application of other treatment means.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative study of the resistance of hospital and nonhospital strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibacterial preparations].

The comparative study on 392 hospital and 160 out-of-hospital Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains showed that the hospital strains differed in the levels and spectra of resistance to antibiotics, bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations of antiseptics and disinfectants, the resistancevars composition, serogroups and biochemical activity. A scheme for dividing Ps. aeruginosa into resistancevars according to the antibiotic resistance spectra is presented. The hospital strains in this scheme belonged mainly to the variants with a resistance to 3--5 drugs and the out-of-hospital strains belonged to the variants resistant to 1--2 drugs. The biological characteristics of the hospital strains made them more advantageous as compared to the out-of-hospital strains when existing in the hospital ecosystem. The changeability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered to be geographically related (group, interpopulational). The hospital strains of this species were classified as belonging to a higher taxon, i. e. ecological types or variants.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Interpopulation variability of Staphylococcus aureus].

The comparative study of 830 hospital and 181 extrahospital S. aureus strains has revealed the existance of the interpopulation (group, geographic) variability of this species. Hospital strains differ from those inhabiting other places by the composition of phago- and resistovars, greater resistance to antibiotics, antiseptic and disinfecting agents, the inhibiting action of antagonist, as well as by pronounced antagonistic activity. The biological characteristics of such strains allow one to classify them with the hospital ecological variants (ecovars) of S. aureus. These properties of hospital strains give them selective advantages in hospitals over extrahospital strains, and the latter are thus ousted from the skin surface, mucous membranes, wound surfaces. The measures taken to prevent hospital infections must be aimed mainly against the hospital ecovars of these bacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗