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Biomedical subjects

A Adeniyi

Publications and source records attributed to A Adeniyi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Drug use among adolescents in Ilorin, Nigeria.

The types and frequency of drug use among 1200 students aged 10-19 years was investigated and a prevalence rate of 40.1% found; currently used drugs included mild stimulants such as kolanut and coffee 294 (26.2%), alcohol 164 (14.5%), sniffing agents 80 (7.2%), amphetamine and ephedrine 66 (6.7%), cigarette 54 (4.8%), heroin 45 (4%) cocaine 40 (3.6%) and cannabis 38 (3.4%). Multiple drug use was found among the students, with the abuse of cannabis, cocaine and heroin being significant among those who smoked cigarette (P<0.001). The relative risk (RR) for cannabis use when cigarette was smoked was 37.4 (24.1-57.8); RR for cigarette smoking when alcohol was used, 6.8, while RR for cocaine abuse when cigarette was used, 21.8 (13.9-34.5) and 52.8 (29.2-95.5) when cannabis was used. It is therefore concluded that the use of the licit and "socially" acceptable drugs may pave the way for the abuse of illicit ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Sexual activity among adolescents in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

With the aid of a self-administered questionnaire, sexual activity was investigated among 1,200 students aged 10-19 years. Two hundred and sixty-four (23.7%) respondents indicated they were sexually active. The mean age at first intercourse was 11.3 years (SD=5.8 years), while the average number of sex partner was 2-3. Multiple sexual partners were found in 99 (69.2%) of the males and in 16 (32.7%) of the females (P < 0.05). Males were more sexually active, 189 (32.8%) compared with 73 (13.7%) females (P=0.000001; RR=2.4 (1.88-3.05). Two hundred and fifty-three (23.4%) ofthose respondents who claimed to be highly religious had sexual intercourse compared with 7 (50%) of those who claimed not to be religious (P=0.02; PR=0.47 (0.27-0.80). Those whose parents lived together were less likely to be sexually active. 184 (21.2%) versus 47 (34.8%) (P=0.005). It is therefore concluded that our adolescents especially males remain sexually active. It also demonstrates the dramatic lowering of age at first intercourse. Family supervision and level of religious activity were recognized as factors that have significant impact on sexual activity. Preventive efforts must therefore focus on these issues with the active involvement of the Pediatrician, parents and religious leaders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of a needle-free high-pressure injection system with needle-tipped injection of intracavernosal alprostadil for erectile dysfunction.

Patients identified from hospital records as using alprostadil injections for erectile dysfunction were invited to take part in this open crossover study. On alternate weeks eight patients were given intracavernosal needle injections and transdermal needle-free injection of alprostadil in a randomized order. Efficacy of injection and associated pain were assessed and compared for the two methods. Pain produced during injection was significantly greater with the needle-free system than with the needle-tipped injection whilst efficacy was significantly less. Bruising was reported in all except one patient following needle-free injection only. Patient ratings of the needle-free injector were significantly lower than ratings for needle-tipped alprostadil delivery and when asked to express a preference, every patient chose the needle-tipped injection over the needle-free device.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Packed red cell volume pattern in Nigerian preterm babies.

Weekly packed red cell volume (PCV) was estimated in 57 Nigerian preterm babies whose gestational ages were less than 34 weeks. Babies were excluded if they required exchange blood transfusion or had major congenital malformations. The mean (SD) PCV at birth was 54.6% (8.3). The nadir of the PCV drop was at the 10th-11th week of life. The PCV at the nadir was 29.3% (SD 2.9). The rate of drop in the PCV was most rapid in the 1st 2 weeks (velocity -4.6% per week), but by the 7th week this had decreased to -1.2% per week. The findings indicate a slower rate of postnatal fall in PCV among Nigerian preterms. We recommend that PCV and systemic signs of anaemia be monitored for the 1st 12 weeks of life.

Aging↗
PubMed2000

European Society for Impotence Research--third meeting. 30 January-2 February 2000, Barcelona, Spain.

The role of sildenafil (Viagra; Pfizer Inc) in a variety of indications, including spinal cord injury following prostatectomy, was presented. Results obtained by comparing different therapies were also presented. The role of sildenafil in long-term users of intracavernous and intra-urethral therapy was presented by at least two groups with interesting results. Conversely, a presentation on the role of intracavernosal therapy in patients who had failed to respond to sildenafil revealed thought provoking-findings. The anticipation by delegates of an opportunity to preview new therapy was also satisfied, at least in part, with presentations on Invicorp (Senetek plc), sublingual apomorphine (TAP Pharmaceuticals Inc), BAY-38-9456 (Bayer Yakuhin Ltd), and a yohimbine/arginine combination. MUSE therapy (VIVUS Inc) was also revisited. The various presentations on the treatment of erectile dysfunction revealed a trend towards a more practical approach.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

International Association for the Study of Pain--Ninth World congress. 22-27 August 1999, Vienna, Austria.

At this meeting, novel analgesic effects were described for a number of compounds. Gabapentin was significantly effective in the treatment of pain associated with phantom limb pain after amputation and traumatic avulsion of the brachial plexus. Capsaicin analog, EC-665, prevented referred viscero-somatic hyperalgesia associated with bladder inflammation. Indomethacine was compared with UP-454-21, a selective COX-2 inhibitor showing comparable effectiveness between both drugs in their anti-inflammatory/analgesic properties. Contralateral treatment with local anesthetics resulted in a long-lasting anti-inflammatory effect in unilateral carra-geenan-induced inflammation. Spinal neostigmine reduced spinal bupivacaine-induced hypotension while lamo-trigine showed a definite benefit in varied patients with neuropathic pain. Intra-articular administration of a ketorolac and morphine combination following arthroscopic knee surgery showed a significant decrease in postoperative pain and the need for postoperative analgesic. Oral CR oxycodone was shown to be an effective analgesic for the oral management of postoperative pain.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

American Urological Association--94th annual meeting. 1-6 May 1999, Dallas, USA.

Traditional urological concerns, such as bladder instability, bladder cancer, prostate cancer and incontinence, were focused upon. In addition, significant attention was paid to erectile dysfunction, with varied developments in the field. Capsaicin was presented as having a role to play in the reduction of bladder instability, while a new formulation of oxybutinin was shown to improve female urge incontinence. The combination of topical estrogen and an oral agonist, phenylpropanolamine, also gave significant improvement in menopausal urinary urgency and incontinence. Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THPA) will possibly be effective for adequate prophylaxis against the recurrence of early bladder cancer. COX-2 receptor modulation has a role in the treatment of bladder cancer, whilst the endothelin receptor antagonist ABT-627 (Abbott International Ltd) may prove effective in the treatment of prostate cancer. Melanotan II (PNU-83757; Pharmacia and Upjohn Inc) and IC-351 (Icos Corp) are new compounds for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), and more light is shed on a role for apomorphine for the same indication.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1981

Prevalence of antibodies to parasitic infections in Nigerian children.

Sixty-six sera from Nigerian children who attended a paediatric clinic at University College Hospital, Ibadan were tested with Plasmodium falciparum, P. brazilianum, Entamoeba histolytica, Toxoplasma gondii and Schistosoma mansoni antigens using indirect fluorescent antibody technique. These sera were tested using ELISA technique for Schistosoma antibodies. Sera from all proven cases of infections gave positive results. Highest antibody prevalence rate was for P. falciparum (69.6%), followed by P. malariae (63.6%) and E. histolytica (42.4%) infections. About 17% and 16% were reactive with Toxoplasma and Schistosoma antigens respectively. Only nine (13.6%) children were negative with all antigens. Forty-four (66.6%) children were positive to two or more parasitic antibodies indicating exposure to those diseases. The significance of these antibodies in children is discussed.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1979

Quartan malarial nephrotic syndrome in children.

Quartan malarial infection causes an immune complex nephritis in some individuals, which, once established, is sustained by mechanisms not yet fully explained, but which probably involve autoimmune processes. The presenting clinical and biochemical findings of the quartan malarial nephrotic syndrome are similar to those classically described for the nephrotic syndrome in childhood, but the renal pathology seen on light, electron, and immunofluorescent microscopy show striking differences and distinctive features. The disease tends to pursue a chronic course and in most patients is nonresponsive to treatment with antimalarial drugs, prednisolone, and immunosuppresive drugs. The overall prognosis is poor, with most patients developing hypertension and evidence of renal failure within 3 to 5 years of onset.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1979

A controlled trial of cyclophosphamide and azathioprine in Nigerian children with the nephrotic syndrome and poorly selective proteinuria.

In a controlled trial, symptomatic treatment alone, or 12 weeks of cyclophosphamide or azathioprine were compared in Nigerian children with nephrotic syndrome (mainly quartan malarial nephropathy) and poorly selective proteinuria. Full remission in 2 patients in each of the two groups treated with drugs, and diminution of proteinuria in most patients in the cyclophosphamide group showed possible evidence of benefit. Infections during treatment were significantly more common in the drug-treated groups but were controllable. Mortality from renal failure in the 2nd year after treatment was significantly greater in the azathioprine-treated group than in the other two, suggesting that the drug may have exacerbated the nephritis. The 5-year survival rate was similar in the cyclophosphamide and the control group.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1977

Fatal herpes zoster in Burkitt's lymphoma following contact with chicken pox.

Burkitt's lymphoma presented atypically in a six-year-old Nigerian girl with back pain, oliguria and facial oedema following a fall at school. Two weeks later, she developed bilateral ptosis, hepatomegaly and ascites. Burkitt's lymphoma cells were found in both ascitic and cerebrospinal fluids. She was successfully treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide and intrathecal methotrexate but later developed fatal herpes zoster at the same time as the resident doctor developed chicken pox. Chart's review showed that she had been in brief contact with chicken pox during a short stay in a transit ward prior to full admission.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1976

Differential protein clearances and response to treatment in Nigerian nephrotic children.

Remission followed prednisolone therapy in 9 out of 21 Nigerian children with the nephrotic syndrome who had highly selective proteinuria (CG/CA less than 15%). Of these, 5 patients have remained well off all treatment during a follow-up of nearly 5 years, 4 have relapsed more than once but have responded to further courses of prednisolone. 3 of 21 with less selective proteinuria also remitted but all relapsed and only one of these has responded again. The other two have relapsed and further courses of prednisolone have not totally abolished their proteinuria though they are asymptomatic and in good health. Toxicity (hypertension, sometimes with encephalopathy and infection) was commoner in the patients with less selective proteinuria treated with steroids than in those with highly selective proteinuria. 3 steroid-sensitive patients who had had repeated relapses became free from relapse off all treatment after a course of cyclophosphamide, given during steroid-maintained remission. All but 2 of the renal biopsies taken were regarded as abnormal. The lesions were less severe in those who responded than in those who did not. There is some evidence to suggest that Plasmodium malariae may be a cause of some of the steroid-sensitive disease, as well as the steroid-resistant.

Age Factors↗