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Biomedical subjects

A Arnoux

Publications and source records attributed to A Arnoux.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Surgical treatment of early oral carcinoma-results of a prospective controlled multicenter study.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To assess whether early stage (pT1-2,pN0-1) oral cavity carcinoma is adequately treated by radical surgical resection alone. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective multicenter study. Of 105 patients with cT1-2 cN0-1 oral carcinoma treated in conformity with the study design, 12 had to be excluded because of tumor-positive margins or pN stage > N1. The remaining 93 patients were monitored for at least 2 years. RESULTS: Seventeen patients had local or regional recurrence develop. In 12 of the 17 patients locoregional control was achieved by second treatment. Overall, the 4-year disease-specific survival probability was 94%. Patients treated initially without selective neck dissection had significantly higher recurrence rates than those with neck dissection, although the survival probability was not adversely affected. CONCLUSIONS: Early (pT1-2, pN0-1) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is adequately treated by surgery alone, provided the resection margins are tumor free. On the basis of the presented data, we would also advocate routine selective neck dissection.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Follow-up after histologically verified radical resection of early cancers of the mouth cavity: results of a prospective multicenter study].

INTRODUCTION: Early stage oral cavity carcinoma is curable in most cases. This study follows the course of early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity after radical surgical resection, in order to assess the necessity of further treatment modalities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective multicentric study, 110 patients with T1-T2 and N0-N1 (without capsular invasion) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were enrolled. All patients were treated exclusively by surgical resection with histopathologically proven negative margins. RESULTS: Among 96 patients (14 excluded because of positive margins), followed-up for 3 years, 18 presented a local or regional recurrence. In 12 of these 18 loco-regional control was reestablished by second treatment. Overall, the 4-year disease-specific survival probability was 94%. Patients treated initially by selective neck dissection had significantly lower recurrence rates than those without neck surgery. CONCLUSION: Early (T1-2, N0-1) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is adequately treated by surgery alone. The surgical procedure should include margin-free resection of the primary combined with selective neck dissection. Systematic postoperative radiotherapy does not appear necessary. Neck dissection is advocated in N0 patients as well.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2000

[EBV infection as etiology of otomastoiditis with peripheral facial paralysis in the child].

Case report on a 15-month-old girl with acute bilateral otomastoiditis with facial nerve palsy in the course of an EBV infection. Although the initial mononucleosis blood test was negative the diagnosis was established by the presence of blastic transformed lymphocytes with immunoreaction for the latent membrane protein of EBV, and the presence of EBV-mRNA in the majority of lymphocytes in the biopsy specimen. The occurrence of facial nerve palsy in the course of an EBV infection is relatively rare but well known. The present case involved a viral otomastoiditis with a typical course, which was complicated by facial nerve palsy after a few days of illness. A case of this kind has only once been described in an adult patient and has never been reported in a child.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Expression and coupling of somatostatin receptors in rat adrenal (PC12) and pituitary (GC) cell lines.

Somatostatin (somatotropin release-inhibiting factor, SRIF) interacts with G-protein coupled receptors (sst) designated sst1 through sst5. In PC12 and GC cells, SRIF binding sites were identified and mRNA receptor expression was evaluated. SRIF binding sites were expressed at a much lower density in PC12 (Kd = 21.2 +/- 3.9 nM; Bmax = 31 +/- 8 fmol/mg protein) than in GC cells (Kd = 6.4 +/- 1.6 nM; Bmax = 643 +/- 29 fmol/mg protein). sst3 receptor mRNA (81% of the total) was mainly expressed in PC12 cells, while sst1/2 receptor mRNAs were mostly expressed in GC cells (64 and 29%, respectively). In PC12 cells, adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity was unaffected by SRIF-14 (binding all SRIF receptors), octreotide (specific for sst2/3/5 receptors), BIM 23056 (binding sst3/5 receptors) or CH275 (specific for sst1 receptors), 1 microM each. In GC cells, SRIF-14 or octreotide, but not the two other peptides, significantly inhibited AC activity.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1998

Endogenous pacemaker activity of rat tumour somatotrophs.

1. Cells derived from a rat pituitary tumour (GC cell line) that continuously release growth hormone behave as endogenous pacemakers. In simultaneous patch clamp recordings and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) imaging, they displayed rhythmic action potentials (44.7 +/- 2.7 mV, 178 +/- 40 ms, 0.30 +/- 0.04 Hz) and concomitant [Ca2+]i transients (374 +/- 57 nM, 1.0 +/- 0.2 s, 0.27 +/- 0.03 Hz). 2. Action potentials and [Ca2+]i transients were reversibly blocked by removal of external Ca2+, addition of nifedipine (1 microM) or Ni2+ (40 microM), but were insensitive to TTX (1 microM). An L-type Ca2+ current activated at -33.6 +/- 0.4 mV (holding potential (Vh), -40 mV), peaked at -1.8 +/- 1.3 mV, was reduced by nifedipine and enhanced by S-(+)-SDZ 202 791. A T/R-type Ca2+ current activated at -41.7 +/- 2.7 mV (Vh, -80 or -60 mV), peaked at -9.2 +/- 3.0 mV, was reduced by low concentrations of Ni2+ (40 microM) or Cd2+ (10 microM) and was toxin resistant. Parallel experiments revealed the expression of the class E calcium channel alpha1-subunit mRNA. 3. The K+ channel blockers TEA (25 mM) and charybdotoxin (10-100 nM) enhanced spike amplitude and/or duration. Apamin (100 nM) also strongly reduced the after-spike hyperpolarization. The outward K+ tail current evoked by a depolarizing step that mimicked an action potential reversed at -69. 8 +/- 0.3 mV, presented two components, lasted 2-3 s and was totally blocked by Cd2+ (400 microM). 4. The slow pacemaker depolarization (3.5 +/- 0.4 s) that separated consecutive spikes corresponded to a 2- to 3-fold increase in membrane resistance, was strongly Na+ sensitive but TTX insensitive. 5. Computer simulations showed that pacemaker activity can be reproduced by a minimum of six currents: an L-type Ca2+ current underlies the rising phase of action potentials that are repolarized by a delayed rectifier and Ca2+-activated K+ currents. In between spikes, the decay of Ca2+-activated K+ currents and a persistent inward cationic current depolarize the membrane, activate the T/R-type Ca2+ current and initiate a new cycle.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1997

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of a linear alkylbenzenesulfonate and its environmental biodegradation metabolites.

A simple and fast method is described for determining a linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) and its potential sulfonated and unsulfonated metabolites in natural waters. This method includes extraction of 60 ml of water with an octadecyl-bonded silica (C18) mini-column and analysis of the extract by high-performance liquid chromatography. A reversed-phase column with a 0.008 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 2.2)-acetonitrile gradient as the mobile phase provides the separation. A UV detector, set at 215 nm, is employed.

Alkylation↗
PubMed1996

[Horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy. Technique, indications, oncologic results and early functional results. Apropos of 87 cases].

In this article, we advocate supraglottic laryngectomy with bilateral neck dissection for the treatment of supraglottic carcinomas with preserved laryngeal mobility. Post-operative results and follow-up of 87 patients are discussed. This technique allows an excellent loco-regional control of the disease with preservation of laryngeal function. Radiation therapy is preserved for treatment of metachronous (2nd primary) in cases with satisfactory local control without neck metastases. All stage 5-year overall survival rate was 55% with a 68.5% disease survival rate. Five-year local control of the disease and regional control of neck nodes were respectively 94% and 92%. Five-year disease survival rate for N- population was 71% Vs 61% for N+ population. Five-year disease survival rate according to the tumor classification was 70% for T1, 75% for T2, 69% for T3 and 54% for T4. In the post-operative follow-up, the median of time to decanulation was 17 days, that of nasogastric tube removal was 19 days, that of hospital stay 38 days.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Production of PAF-acether by synovial fluid neutrophils in rheumatoid arthritis.

PAF-acether (PAF) is a pro-inflammatory phospholipid molecule potentially involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis. PAF and related metabolites have been isolated in the synovial fluid from patients with arthritis. The aim of this study was to determine fluid and blood in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Blood neutrophils from normal donors were also studied for their capacity to form PAF. Neutrophils were stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187 (2 microM) for 1 to 60 min. PAF released in the medium and PAF associated to cells were measured. In synovial fluid neutrophils. PAF production began as soon as 1 min of stimulation (16.1 +/- 6.3 pmol per 1 x 10(6) cells) and reached a maximum at 20 min: 29.2 +/- 2.8 pmol per 1 x 10(6) cells (mean +/- SEM, n = 5). The amount of PAF released in the supernatant increased with the length of stimulation, similar amounts of PAF were produced by blood neutrophils isolated from the joint had a lower capacity to produce PAF than blood neutrophils from the same patients. The present results demonstrate the synthesis and release of PAF by synovial fluid neutrophils. They suggest that neutrophils may be source of PAF locally present in the joint. Newly synthesized PAF could participate in the amplification of the local inflammatory reaction.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1985

Bronchoalveolar lavage in sarcoidosis.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 1,188 patients suffering from sarcoidosis. After technical considerations, the authors analyze the results of BAL from a practical point of view concerning its value for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and its prognostic value and its value for the selection of therapy, particularly for the decision as to steroid treatment. BAL helps in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, but is not specific enough to provide this diagnosis on its own. The persistence of high alveolar lymphocytosis within the first year of evolution is strongly correlated with nonrecovery from pulmonary sarcoidosis at 2 years and thus with the evolution towards a chronic phase of the disease. On the other hand, BAL can provide basic information for a better understanding of the disease and permits immunocompetent cells and soluble factors to be recovered from the lung, which is useful for immunological studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Processing of lung lavage fluid causes variability in bronchoalveolar cell count.

To study the effects on cell counts of different ways of processing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, we performed 77 BAL in 19 healthy control subjects and in 58 patients with sarcoidosis. We investigated the role of readers, hemocytometers, mode of identification of macrophages, cell washing, and speed of cytocentrifugation. No significant effect of reader or hemocytometer was observed. The percentage of macrophages, determined as large cells stained with neutral red in a Malassez hemocytometer (63.9 +/- 24.6%, mean +/- SD) was lower than the percentage of macrophages determined by May Grunwald Giemsa staining (76.3 +/- 19.2%, p less than 10(-9)). Cell counts decreased 34% after 2 washings (p less than 0.001), and more lymphocytes were counted after cytocentrifugation at 90 g (33.2 +/- 25.3%) than at 23 g (27.7 +/- 22.1%). We conclude that bronchoalveolar cell counts vary with changes in processing lung lavage fluid and that this variability should be considered when using BAL cell counts.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1982

Release of PAF-acether from human blood monocytes.

Stimulation of human blood monocytes with ionophore A 23187 induced the release of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether). Phagocytosis of zymosan, coated or not with complement, bacteria or immune complexes, stimulated the release of PAF-acether whereas that of latex particles was without effect. Such release did not occur at 4 degrees C or in the presence of EDTA. PAF-acether derived from monocytes shared the same characteristics as hog leucocyte PAF-acether or synthetic 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine. In lung physiology, the release of PAF-acether from monocytes and alveolar macrophages could lead, via the platelets, to bronchoconstriction. It could represent a cause for asthma other than the classical IgE-mastocyte interaction.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Broncho-alveolar lavage in sarcoidosis. Correlation between alveolar lymphocytosis and clinical data.

Bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were performed in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and in normal subjects. In both smoking and nonsmoking sarcoid patients, the proportion and number of lymphocytes were significantly increased compared to corresponding controls (p less than 0.001 in each cases). BAL lymphocytes were identified as T lymphocytes (88 +/- 9% formed E rosettes). Neither the radiological stage, nor the duration of disease are related to the lymphocyte number. However, alveolar lymphocytosis is significantly correlated with clinical pattern (p less than 0.02) and with clinical extrathoracic dissemination (p less than 0.001). Black patients have significantly more disseminated disease than Whites (p less than 0.001). The lymphocytosis of the bronchoalveolar space is associated with the presence of granulomas in bronchial biopsies (p less than 0.005). For clinical purposes, the results of BAL were helpful in determining the evolutivity of the disease, particularly progression to stage III. Together with a high lymphocyte count, a significant increase of all the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) was found in stage III (4.0 +/- 4.6 X 10(4) PMNL/ml, p less than 0.001) compared to earlier stages (respectively 0.6 +/- 0.5 X 10(4), 0.7 +/- 0.9 X 10(4) and 0.7 +/- 0.9 X 10(4) PMNL/ml for stages I, IIA and IIB). BAL may also be used to follow up sarcoid patients. Repeated BAL were performed in 23 patients. No modification in alveolar lymphocytosis is found in patients with steady state disease, but, in healed patients the lymphocyte number returns to normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Pulmonary immunology].

Knowledge of pulmonary immunology is essential to the understanding of certain respiratory diseases. The airways and alveolar zones may be seen separately and in contrast on the basis of the immune system of the lung. Broadly speaking, within the airways there are mast cells, polynuclear eosinophil and lymphocytes. By contrast in the alveolar zones there are macrophages and lymphocytes which are either free in the alveolar lumen or present in the pulmonary interstitial tissue, as well as lymphocytes. In most instances inhaled antigens are not at the origin of an immune response, whether deposited on the mucociliary surface or phagocytosed by the alveolar macrophage. The BALT play a probably primordial role in immune information within the tracheobronchial epithelium. The immune response occurs in the airways in the form of the secretion of secretory A immunoglobulins, whilst in the alveolus phagocytosis by the alveolar macrophage represents the principal means of defence. Such phagocytosis only rarely gives rise to inflammatory phenomena which would impair alveolar function. Finally, the collection of bronchoalveolar washings is a technique which may be used to collect immunocompetent cells of principally alveolar origin for the purpose of their study.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1981

Bronchoalveolar cells in advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis.

We performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 120 subjects: 94 patients with sarcoidosis, 11 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and 15 normal volunteers. By counting cells and comparing the results with those from control subjects, we found a high percentage of lymphocytes in BAL fluid from all patients with sarcoidosis and a high percentage of neutrophils (NE) in BAL fluid from patients with IPF. In addition, we observed a significantly higher proportion of NE in the 14 patients with advanced sarcoidosis (i.e., fibrosis and bullous radiological patterns), than was seen in the 80 patients with early stages of involvement (i.e., bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and/or pulmonary infiltrations) (p less than 0.001). The NE count exceeded the normal value of 3.5% in 9 of the 14 patients with advanced sarcoidosis but only in 1 of the 80 patients with early disease (p less than 0.001). We believe that advanced sarcoidosis is one of the conditions in which a simultaneous increase in both NE and lymphocytes in BAL fluid can be observed. The NE count in bronchoalveolar fluid in patients with sarcoidosis, as in patients with IPF, may indicate evolution of the granulomatous process toward pulmonary fibrosis. These phenomena point out the potential practical value of iterative BAL in patients with sarcoidosis in assessing the prognosis of their disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Changes in allogeneic immune response of swine in the course of a liver allograft].

Pig liver allografts showed a typical rejection crisis. The degree of rejection depended on the SLA-typing. Despite SLA-incompatibility pig liver allografts can be tolerated. Short-term survivors showed an immunological hyporeactivity. Long-term survivors reconstituted their cellular immune-reactions and developed an antibody which appeared to function as an antigen-antibody-complex or an anti-Ia-antibody.

Animals↗