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Biomedical subjects

A B Drake-Lee

Publications and source records attributed to A B Drake-Lee.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Nasal mast cells: a preliminary report on their ultrastructure.

The ultrastructure of mast cells found in normal inferior turbinate was compared with the features found in the inferior turbinate in two groups of patients, those with allergic rhinitis due to dust mite hypersensitivity and those with nasal polyps; the latter group also had their polyps studied. Adenoid tissue was examined in children with secretory otitis media to see if there was evidence of mast cell degranulation, which would support the hypothesis that either local allergic or other mast cell-mediated reactions caused the condition. The mast cells from five normal turbinates varied considerably in size, shape and distribution, but were found mainly in the submucosa. There was no difference in the morphology of cells of different sizes and they could not be sub-grouped into either connective tissue or mucosal mast cells. Most granules were electron dense and homogeneous, although scrolls and crystalline structures were seen occasionally. Some of the granules contained lighter material and others had become vacuoles. Mitochondria were present in all cells suggesting active metabolism. The three patients with allergic rhinitis showed extensive but variable degranulation of the mast cells in all depths of the mucosa. Nine of the 10 cases with nasal polyps had mast cells identified in both the polyp and the turbinate. They were only normal in one turbinate and in one patient it was impossible to identify mast cells. All the mast cells were degranulated extensively in all other specimens. The adenoids from seven children had identifiable mast cells, which were less frequently found than in the turbinates. There was some degranulation in four of the patients and in one it was fairly extensive.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1986

Radiology of the paranasal sinuses in non-healing granulomas of the nose.

The few accounts of the radiographic features in the nose and sinuses of Wegener's granulomatosis and lethal midline granuloma have involved small numbers. This paper reviews these changes in 20 cases of Wegener's granulomatosis and 7 cases of lethal midline granuloma. Fifteen cases of Wegener's granulomatosis showed either negative or non-specific changes on plain sinus views. In the remaining 5 cases some evidence of bone destruction was seen. The range of changes was much greater in lethal midline granuloma. The radiographic changes varied from normal appearances (1 case) through generalized soft tissue opacity (3 cases), to massive destruction of the nasal bones and sinus walls (3 cases). The difference in radiological pattern in Wegener's and lethal midline granuloma would seem to be one of degree only.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Ultrasound of the sinuses: a worthwhile procedure? A comparison of ultrasound and radiography in predicting the findings of proof puncture on the maxillary sinuses.

Fifty-five consecutive patients had ultrasonic examination and routine radiology of the maxillary sinus prior to proof puncture. One hundred and eight antra were washed out and a positive aspiration was obtained in 20% (22). A clear return correlated with a normal radiograph and ultrasound in 91% and 85% of sides respectively. Radiographic results gave a 9% false negative result whereas 15% of normal ultrasounds had a return on proof puncture. Abnormal radiographic appearances and ultrasound traces were correlated with a positive return in 28% and 27% of punctures, respectively. It is concluded that ultrasound adds little further information and does not improve upon radiology in predicting the presence of fluid within the maxillary antrum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Histamine and its release from nasal polyps: preliminary communication.

Two hundred consecutive patients admitted for polypectomy had no evidence of an increased incidence of allergic disorders. Mast cell degranulation was found on transmission electron microscopy and this resulted in considerable quantities of histamine in polyp extracellular fluid (124-7300 ng/ml). RAST levels of allergen-specific IgE to house-dust mite and mixed-grass pollens were raised in 4 out of 28 cases in polyp fluid, and in only one matched serum. In vitro challenge of polyp tissue with allergen extract and anti-IgE suggested an IgE-mediated response in only 4 of 36 patients.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Free histamine in nasal polyp fluid.

Nasal polyp fluid was extracted from 52 patients to evaluate histamine levels and compare them with the corresponding serum levels. Large but variable amounts of histamine were found in polyp fluid (124-7600 ng/ml) which was between twenty and a thousand times the serum level. There was no significant difference between the polyp histamine levels in patients with a history of asthma, aspirin hypersensitivity, hay fever and positive skin tests.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1984

Nasal polyps. Scanning electron microscopy and artifact.

Nasal polyps are grossly oedematous tissue which has undergone considerable shrinkage when processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), converting the normally smooth surface into one with undulations. This shrinkage resulted in variable degrees of loss of the surface epithelium and thus gave rise to artifact. In its severest form, the entire surface epithelium was removed and the basement membrane exposed; lesser damage resulted in exposure of the basal cells, giving the previously described 'cobblestone' appearance. When the epithelium was intact, it was typical respiratory in type.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Anaesthesia for myringotomy. The effect of nitrous oxide and intermittent positive pressure ventilation in children with secretory otitis media.

The effect of two methods of anaesthesia on the findings at myringotomy in children with secretory otitis media was studied. One group of patients spontaneously breathed a mixture of nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane whereas a second group had assisted ventilation, tracheal intubation and breathed a mixture of halothane and oxygen. Nitrous oxide diffused significantly into middle ears which had gas under reduced pressure (with or without fluid present) when compared with normal ears (p less than 0.05). Assisted ventilation prior to tracheal intubation did not introduce gas into the middle ear. It is concluded that impedance audiometry is a reliable method of assessing the middle ear prior to surgery.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1983

Anaesthesia and tympanometry.

Nitrous oxide and intermittent positive pressure respiration prior to intubation raised the middle ear pressure in children with normal ears. In children with secretory otitis media, nitrous oxide was responsible for aeration alone and this was seen only in children with some gas present prior to surgery. Wide range tympanometry accurately predicted the findings at myringotomy.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗