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Biomedical subjects

A B Safran

Publications and source records attributed to A B Safran.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Television-induced formed visual hallucinations and cerebral diplopia.

A 65-year-old man with ischaemic encephalomalacia following surgery for an aortic arch aneurysm experienced episodes of stereotyped formed visual hallucinations uniquely provoked by television viewing. In addition he noted vertical diplopia of cerebral origin. These symptoms are discussed in the light of what is known about visual hallucinations, television-induced epilepsy, and cerebral polyopia.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Pupil cycle induction test: a way of evaluating the pupillary light reflex.

The Pupil Cycle Induction Test (PCIT) described here is a simple and sensitive clinical method for the evaluation of afferent pupillary defect. It assesses the difficulty in setting up regular and sustained light-induced pupil oscillations, in contrast to methods assessing the light reflex by timing the oscillations. PCIT was applied to 186 presumably normal eyes (with normal visual acuity and normal fundi). In ten eyes, sustained oscillations could not be induced; further investigation showed that four of these eyes had altered visual-evoked response. The test was also carried out in 34 patients suffering from anterior visual pathway disorders. Sustained pupil oscillations could not be set up in 44 out of the 57 affected eyes. In the present series, significant alteration of light-induced pupil oscillations has been observed in several patterns: (1) immediate alteration; (2) delayed interruption of oscillations without spontaneous recovery, and (3) intermittent periods with oscillations of relatively small amplitude lasting more than three pupil cycles. PCIT assesses changes in light threshold for pupil response. It is suggested that delayed and transient alterations of oscillations are related to time-dependent afferent pupil defects similar to intermittent abnormalities of visual function reported in patients with diseases of the optic nerve or the chiasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Influence of central depressant drugs on pupil function: an evaluation with the pupil cycle induction test.

Afferent pupillary defect is an early sign of optic nerve or chiasm disease. It can be evaluated by the Pupil Cycle Induction Test (PCIT) which assesses the difficulty in setting up regular and sustained pupil oscillations. PCIT was carried out in 30 subjects with presumably normal visual function (normal visual acuity and normal fundi) and taking benzodiazepines and/or barbiturates. In 42 out of the 60 tested eyes, response to PCIT was altered. This emphasizes the necessity of a detailed drug-taking history when investigating anterior visual pathways by means of pupil function, especially when one considers the extensive use of central nervous system depressant drugs by the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Paralysis of the IIIrd cranial nerve. Pain and its value in the differential diagnosis (author's transl)].

Eighteen cases of paralysis of the IIIrd cranial nerve are studied, 9 of which were of ischemic origin (diabetes, hypertension or arteriosclerosis), and 9 secondary to aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery. Seven patients from the first group and all of the second suffered from headaches. This study deals essentially with the associated painful symptom, its localisation, its nature and its value in the differential diagnosis of the two conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Metastatic infiltration of nerves in the cavernous sinus.

Painful dysesthesia in association with ocular motor palsies characterized intraneural carcinomatous invasion in a 48-year-old man. Transcranial biopsy of the cavernous sinus stopped the pain; the specimen confirmed the diagnosis and provided the rationale for radiation therapy. One year after treatment, the patient was healthy and pain-free, with improved ocular motor function. The source of the carcinoma remains unknown.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1980

Statokinetic dissociation in lesions of the anterior visual pathways. A reappraisal of the Riddoch phenomenon.

With standard Goldmann perimetry, physiologic dissociation of kinetic and statis stimuli was first investigated in 15 normal subjects. Variable degrees of statokinetic dissociation (SKD) occurred for white and for red (achromatic perception) targets, but not for chromatic recognition of red. To analyze relative sensitivity of these stimuli in defining field defects, a set of "isopter equivalents," eg, white I2e, red II4c (achromatic perception), and red V4e (chromatic recognition) was empirically established in normal and in pathologic fields of 11 patients with compression of the anterior visual pathways. The "Riddoch phenomenon" (SKD) was documented in defective fields in all patients with tumors; SKD occurred for white or for red achromatic perception. The most sensitive technique for elaborating field defects proved to be static presentation of white or red stimuli (achromatic perception) and chromatic recognition of static or kinetic red. As a rapid, sensitive screening method, especially for subtle defects, we suggest the addition of chromatic recognition of kinetic red stimuli to the application of standard kinetic white stimuli. Our findings are discussed in light of current concepts of retinal ganglion cell physiology.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

[Visual outcome in pituitary adenoma and supra sellar meningioma (author's transl)].

To determine factors influencing ultimate visual outcome following surgical decompression of pituitary adenoma and suprasellar meningioma, the authors analyse the post-operative visual function of 19 patients with pituitary tumors and of 11 with meningiomas encroaching upon the anterior visual pathways. Their data indicate that : visual impairment tended to be worse and of larger duration with meningiomas than with adenoma. No pre-operative data were of prognostic value for visual outcome with meningioma; for adenoma, younger age, a short duration of symptoms and transsphenoidal approach all positively influenced ultimate visual recovery. Even with minimal visual deficits, eyes tended not to recover completely.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

[Visual evoked potentials in patients suspected of multiple sclerosis].

23 patients with symptoms suggestive of multiple sclerosis were examined with regard to the responses evoked by low frequency flash and also by flicker stimulation. The results obtained by flicker were compared with those reported on the responses evoked by different visual stimuli. The survey of the three parameters of analysis of the visual-evoked responses showed a very high proportion of pathological values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[So-called internuclear ophthalmoplegias. Electro-oculographic study].

A study is presented of three patients suffering from internuclear ophthalmoplegia without diplopia. The components of the nystagmus and the dysmetry of the oculomotor changes, as well as the difference in the respective speeds during abduction and adduction toward the side opposite to the lesion were recorded. A dysmetric component was found in the saccadic low amplitude movements (reading movements).

Adult↗