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Biomedical subjects

A Berman

Publications and source records attributed to A Berman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Hyperthermia and body energy store effects on estrous behavior, conception rate, and corpus luteum function in dairy cows.

The reproductive performance of 74 Israeli Holstein dairy cows was examined during summer. Cows were fed prepartum to reach high (3.8) and low (2.6) body condition scores by 1 mo prepartum. After calving, half of each group were cooled seven times a day for 30 min by sprinkling and ventilation. Cows were inseminated starting 60 d postpartum. Daily mean body temperatures of cooled and noncooled cows were 38.6 and 39.2 degrees C, respectively, with differences between them reaching 1 degree C and more during the hot hours. Body condition affected only the time taken postpartum to the start of ovarian activity (26 d for high and 32 d for low body condition groups). Estrous behavior lasted longer in cooled (16 h) than in noncooled (11.5 h) cows of the low body condition group only. Conception rate was higher in cooled than in noncooled cows (59 vs. 17%). Pregnancy rate at 90 d postpartum was higher in cooled (44%) than in noncooled cows (14%). Progesterone concentrations were higher in inseminated nonpregnant and in noninseminated cyclic cooled cows than in noncooled cows and were similar in pregnant cows of both cooled and non-cooled groups. The present cooling method appears to have a high potential for improvement of summer fertility.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

High-dose oral and intravenous metoclopramide in doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide-induced emesis. A randomized double-blind study.

Emesis remains a major side effect of cancer chemotherapy. High-dose intravenous metoclopramide has proved to be effective antiemetic therapy for cisplatinum induced emesis. It has not been rigorously tested in nonplatinum chemotherapy. This double-blind, noncrossover, randomized trial compared high-dose oral and intravenous metoclopramide to standard oral prochlorperazine in emesis caused by doxorubicin [70 mg/m2 body surface area (BSA)] and cyclophosphamide (700 mg/m2 BSA). Prochlorperazine (10 mg/dose), oral metoclopramide, and intravenous metoclopramide (2 mg/kg/dose each) were given 30 min before chemotherapy and then every 4 h for 24 h. Ten patients were randomized to prochlorperazine therapy, 10 to oral metoclopramide, and 9 to i.v. metoclopramide. Median number of emeses for the first chemotherapy cycle was 3, 3, and 7 for prochlorperazine, oral, and i.v. metoclopramide, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant advantage of any regimen (p greater than 0.4). For patients who continued the antiemetic study, frequency of emesis increased with each successive cycle of chemotherapy. Six of 19 patients treated with metoclopramide developed dystonic reactions compared with zero of 10 on prochlorperazine. High plasma metoclopramide levels were achieved with both metoclopramide regimens and did not correlate with frequency of emesis. High-dose oral and i.v. metoclopramide in an every 4 h regimen did not show any advantage over standard antiemetic therapy for doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide-induced emesis and were associated with significant toxicity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Cooling dairy cattle by a combination of sprinkling and forced ventilation and its implementation in the shelter system.

A method for cooling dairy cattle based on repeated wetting to attain maximal water trapping in the coat, followed by its rapid evaporation by using forced ventilation has been examined. Effects examined include duration of wetting, duration of cooling, and density of the animals in the holding area. The coat was wetted by inverted static sprinklers. Also examined was the extent to which the diurnal increase in rectal temperature can be prevented. The maximal decrement of temperature was attained at 30 min after cessation of cooling in all trials. Wetting the coat for 10 s was less effective than for 20 or 30 s; the latter did not differ in their effects. Cooling animals for 15, 30, and 45 min produced decrements in temperature of .6, .7, and 1.0 degrees C, respectively. Maintaining animals at a density of 1.9 m2/cow in the holding area reduced to about half the decrement as compared with a density of 3.5 m2/cow. When cows were cooled 5 times per day for 30 min, temperatures were maintained within 38.2 to 38.9 degrees C during the day, which were significantly lower than for those not cooled.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Upper critical temperatures and forced ventilation effects for high-yielding dairy cows in a subtropical climate.

Upper limit of thermal stability and subsequent rise of thermoregulatory functions as affected by forced ventilation were examined. Rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, ear skin temperature, body weight, and milk yield were recorded biweekly July to March over 2 yr for 170 Israeli-Holstein cows (305-day milk yield 9000 kg/cow) at air temperatures 10 to 36 degrees C. Cows were in an open shelter. One side was force ventilated over 2.5 m along the stanchions (air velocity 1.5 to 3 m/s) from 0500 to 2200 h. Control side mean air velocity was .5 m/s. Within the 10 to 24 degrees C range, rectal temperature was not affected by air temperature or forced ventilation but increased by .02 degrees C/kg fat-corrected milk in animals producing above 24 kg/day. Between 26 and 36 degrees C rectal temperature increased with air temperature in both groups; rate of rise was halved by forced ventilation. In this range of air temperature, rectal temperature increased with rising milk yield, as in the lower air temperature range, in both high-producing and lower-producing cows in forced ventilation. Body weight or parity did not have significant effects. Mean ear skin temperature was higher for control animals, but its rate of increase with air temperature was similar in both groups. Forced ventilation reduced mean respiratory rate. An upper critical temperature is 25 to 26 degrees C and is independent of milk yield or acclimatizational state of cows exposed to the natural sequence of climate.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Patterns of peripheral vasomotor function in near-natural conditions in the calf (Bos taurus).

Patterns of ear temperatures were examined in 2- to 45-day-old calves. At variable heat loads, peripheral temperature levels varied with the heat load with little fluctuations. When 2 to 3 days old, high ear temperatures were maintained for 10-14 hr/day at 10-15 degrees C ambient temperatures in 5 of 8 calves. In near-natural conditions, fluctuating ear temperatures were the rule in the vasodilated, intermediate and vasoconstricted states; fluctuations were symmetrical in the two ears in the vasodilated and intermediate states only. The possible occurrence of cold-induced vasodilation at 10-20 degrees C ambient temperature is discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Effects of different forms of central nervous system prophylaxis on neuropsychologic function in childhood leukemia.

A comparison of the late effects on intellectual and neuropsychologic function of three different CNS "prophylaxis" regimens was conducted in 104 patients treated for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Of the children studied, 33 were randomized to treatment with intrathecal (IT) methotrexate alone, 36 to IT methotrexate plus 2,400 rad cranial irradiation, and 35 to IT methotrexate plus intravenous intermediate dose methotrexate. All patients were in their first (complete) continuous remission, were a minimum of one year post-CNS prophylaxis and had no evidence of CNS disease at the time of evaluation. In contrast to the other two treatment groups, children whose CNS prophylaxis included cranial irradiation attained significantly lower mean Full Scale IQs (P less than .001), performed more poorly on the Wide Range Achievement Test, a measure of school abilities, and exhibited a greater number of difficulties on a variety of other neuropsychologic measures. The poorer performance of the irradiated group was independent of sex of the patient, time since treatment and age at diagnosis. These data suggest that the addition of 2,400 rad cranial irradiation to CNS prophylaxis in ALL puts these children at greater risk for mild global loss in intellectual and neuropsychologic ability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Seborrheic keratoses: appearance in course of exfoliative erythroderma and regression associated with histologic mononuclear cell inflammation.

We observed a patient in whom large numbers of seborrheic keratoses developed in the course of a generalized dermatitis that progressed into an exfoliative erythroderma. A renal mass was finally discovered and was surgically excised. On microscopic examination, the kidney tumor proved to be a benign fibrous-walled, multilocular cyst. After removal of the renal cyst, the erythroderma and exfoliation subsided. A few months later, the seborrheic keratoses were noted to have become smaller, flatter, and fewer in number. Microscopic examination of five such involuting lesions showed, in each instance, mononuclear cell infiltration of the seborrheic keratoses. Our findings confirm earlier reports that seborrheic keratosis-like lesions developing during the course of widespread inflammatory cutaneous disorders may regress after control of the dermatosis and suggest that mononuclear cell inflammation may be the mechanism by which regression of these lesions is accomplished.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Blood flow distribution during artificially induced respiratory hypocapnic alkalosis in the fowl.

In birds, hyperthermia is normally associated with panting and progressive respiratory alkalosis. The effect of respiratory alkalosis on capillary blood flow distribution was examined by artificially hyperventilating normothermic fowls, thereby dissociating it of the normally occurring concomitant hyperthermia. In contrast with mammals, in which hyperventilation associated with hypocapnia reduced blood flow to the brain, uterus and other organs, in the hen blood flow distribution in most organs remained unaltered. This indicates that the potential change in acid-base balance which develops in the hyperthermic birds during panting is not likely to affect the regulation of blood flow. The comb and wattles were the only affected organs, in which capillary blood flow diminished to about 45% of normal values. This reduction did not prevent a vasodilatation in those organs in hyperthermic fowls, though it probably limited its full expression.

Alkalosis, Respiratory↗
PubMed1982

Responses of the reproductive vascular system during the egg-formation cycle of unanaesthetised laying hens.

1. Vascular adjustments to the process of egg formation were examined in the unanaesthetised laying hen, by the radioactive microspheres method. 2. Three- to four-fold increases in blood flow were found in segments surrounding the egg during its passage along the oviduct, possibly due to an enhanced metabolic activity in the muscle layer of the oviduct. 3. Shell-gland blood flow was minimal in the absence of an egg and increased gradually to a maximum (5-fold) about 5 h after entrance of the egg into the shell gland. This parallels the rate of calcification of the egg shell. 4. Changes in blood flow in the ovarian follicles and other parts of the oviduct were small while the egg was in the shell gland. This might be typical for the reproductive system of the fowl, which undergoes little structural alteration during egg formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Bullae in the donor site of a split-thickness skin graft.

A patient developed bullae in a donor site 3 weeks after a split-thickness skin graft was taken. No reference to blistering in the donor site of a recently taken split-thickness skin graft could be found in the surgical literature, and a computerized search of the world's medical literature revealed only a single report of a similar case. The mechanism of bulla formation has not been elucidated. We alert physicians to this phenomenon and urge that each case that is seen be studied in an orderly manner by histologic, electron microscopic, and immunofluorescent techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of climatic conditions on peripheral concentrations of LH, progesterone and oestradiol-17 beta in high milk-yielding cows.

In a subtropical climate, high milk-yielding dairy cows were kept during the summer under ventilated conditions or untreated; during the winter, cows were kept untreated. The afternoon mean rectal temperature for multiparous cows in the three groups was 39.3, 39.8 and 38.9 degrees C, respectively. Each group was significantly different from the other two (P less than 0.05). Plasma LH concentrations measured every 6 h during the oestrous period in 38 'summer' cows were not significantly different for untreated and ventilated animals. Conception rate was higher (P less than 0.05) in cows that showed oestrous behaviour before the LH surge reached its peak than in cows in which oestrus coincided with or occurred later than the LH surge. Plasma progesterone levels measured in 62 cows during the oestrous cycle before the first insemination were higher in the winter than in the summer in multiparous, but not in primiparous, cows. Ventilation increased progesterone levels in multiparous and primiparous cows. Plasma oestradiol-17 beta levels did not differ between groups until 36 h before the onset of oestrus, when they remained at 4.75 pg/ml in winter and summer-ventilated cows but increased to 6.75 pg/ml in summer untreated cows (P less than 0.01). Significant negative correlations were found between oestradiol levels observed 12 h before to 12 h after the onset of oestrus and plasma progesterone concentration during both the preceding and the subsequent oestrous cycles.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Adenohypophyseal cytology of chemically and surgically thyroidectomized cockerels.

Reproductive traits and histology of the adenohypophysis were studied in adult White Leghorn cockerels after surgical thyroidectomy or .1% propylthiouracil (PTU) food supplementation. Both treatments caused hypothyroidism as judged by a marked reduction in plasma thyroxine levels, a decrease in resting metabolic rate values, an increase in liver and adipose tissue weights, and a marked elevation in the alcianophilic cell population in the adenohypophysis. Both the PTU-treated and thyroidectomized birds demonstrated reduced testes and comb weights. However, although thyroidectomy was found to increase the number of PAS-positive cells in the adenohypophysis, the PTU treatment reduced them. This phenomena is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Plantar warts recently turned black. Clinical and histopathologic findings.

The inflammatory component associated with blackening and subsequent regression of plantar warts has been little appreciated in the literature. Two patients with plantar warts in whom one of the warts showed prominent, clinically evident inflammation were observed. Blackening and subsequent regression of all plantar warts then occurred. In one patient, microscopic examination of biopsy specimens of two lesions that were taken within 24 and 72 hours, respectively, after they had turned black demonstrated the following histologic findings: blood clots and hemorrhage in the stratum corneum, degeneration and necrosis of epidermal cells, eosinophilic cytoplasmic masses within degenerating epidermal cells, thrombosis of superficial and deeper dermal blood vessels, a mononuclear cell infiltrate in and around dermal blood vessels, and a mixed polymorphonuclear and lymphocytic infiltration in the areas of hemorrhage and degenerating epidermis. This constellation of histopathologic changes suggests that involution was in progress long before blackening of the warts occurred.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

The involuting lichenoid plaque.

Progressive involution and subsequent regression of a plaque that showed the characteristic histologic findings of solitary lichen planus-like keratosis were observed in five patients. In each lesion, involution took place during a four- to eight-week period. In four patients, the lesion arose in a preexisting pigmented macule. Evolution into a plaque-like lesion coincided with the development of the inflammatory process. Origin from a preexisting lesion suggests that the lichenoid plaque is not an independent entity but a stage in the involution of the preexisting pigmented macule. The lichenoid inflammatory process resembles a delayed hypersensitivity reaction and seems to represent a cell-mediated rejection reaction.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Heat stress effects on capillary blood flow and its redistribution in the laying hen.

The effect of heat stress on capillary blood flow (CBF) distribution was examined in laying hens, using 15 micron microspheres, by determining CBF before and after elevating body temperature by 1-2 degrees C. No changes was evident in unfeathered metatarsal skin, although its temperature increased by 7 degrees C. Breast skin CBF change was 3.5 times larger than that of back skin. Comb CBF increase was larger than in wattles. CBF in upper respiratory tract increased proportionally to increment in respiratory frequency. Digestive system CBF was reduced by hyperthermia: the effect was pronounced in its upper organs (46% of normal) and decreased along the tract. CBF increased 4-fold in an expiratory abdominal muscle, a smaller rise occurred in a pectoral muscle and no change in a leg muscle. CBF in the tibia fell to 64% of normal. In the reproductive system, CBF fell to 58% of control level in the uterus, to 70-80% in the larger ovarian follicles and infundibulum with no significant changes in magnum and isthmus. Cerebral CBF increased during hyperthermia. Heat stress significantly reduced CBF to inner body organs, with marked differences between systems as well as within systems. Changes were more pronounced on 2 degrees C hyperthermia than on 1 degree C hyperthermia.

Animals↗