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Biomedical subjects

A Datry

Publications and source records attributed to A Datry.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Failure of prevention of malaria by mefloquine in West Africa].

Mefloquine (Lariam) is extensively prescribed for the prevention of malaria in chloroquine-resistant areas. However, in west Africa, most of the strains of Plasmodium falciparum are still sensitive to chloroquine. In addition, a few of these strains are inherently resistant to mefloquine. Under these conditions, we must expect to see the failure of mefloquine prophylaxis in travellers returning from west Africa. We report here 5 such failures. The in vitro susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 4 of these patients was evaluated and showed that all 4 had normal sensitivity to chloroquine and quinine, 3 were resistant to mefloquine and one had reduced susceptibility to mefloquine. Mefloquine blood levels (measured 3 times) were within the normal protective range. These case reports indicate that mefloquine should be used cautiously for malaria prevention in west Africa. They also point out that, regardless of the prophylactic method used, fever in a traveller returning from endemic malaria regions always dictates the analysis of a thick blood smear to rule out the diagnosis of malaria.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Toxoplasma gondii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PURPOSE: To perform a retrospective and descriptive study of Toxoplasma gondii pneumonia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, results of therapy, and hypotheses on pathophysiology are discussed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study consisted of 13 HIV-infected patients who had developed T. gondii pneumonia. Eight had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prior to T. gondii pneumonia and three of them had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Mean CD4 cell count was 32 x 10(6)/L. Serum anti-toxoplasma antibody titers were measured by an indirect hemagglutination assay and/or by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS: All patients had fever and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates; two of them presented with septic shock. Mean arterial oxygen tension was 47 +/- 12 mm Hg. The diagnosis was established by bronchoalveolar lavage in 10 of 11 cases, open lung biopsy in one case, and postmortem biopsy in two cases. Serologic evidence of past infection was observed in 11 of 12 cases, while one patient presented with acute disseminated disease and absence of serum anti-toxoplasma antibody response. Extrapulmonary involvement was present in seven patients: liver (four), brain (three), bone marrow (two), heart (two), stomach (one). Ten patients recovered from T. gondii pneumonia. CONCLUSION: T. gondii pneumonia must be considered in AIDS patients with severe diffuse bilateral pneumonia, especially when associated with a very low CD4 cell count or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In most of these cases, disseminated disease was associated with reactivation of prior latent infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

[Needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis].

The classic diagnostic procedure for cutaneous leishmaniasis is based on the examination of Giemsa-stained smears made from the fluid obtained by scraping the edges of the lesion with a lancet, or prepared with small plugs of superficial tissues. In this report, we compare the results given by this standard method with those obtained by the examination of needle aspirates. Aspirates are secured by injecting a few millimetres outside the external border of the lesion 0.3 to 0.5 ml of saline through a thin needle, rubbing the injured skin, and thereafter pulling back slowly the plunger. Amastigotes were found in all smears from needle aspirates, and in only 11 out 15 obtained by scraping. Aspirates were also more suitable for cultures of parasites.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Development of drug resistance in cases of P. falciparum malaria of African origin in a Parisian hospital. Comparison with field data and therapeutic consequences].

The number of P. falciparum malaria cases, contracted in Africa, diagnosed by the department of Parasitology and Tropical diseases of the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group has shown a significant increase in 1985-1986 when compared with the 15 past years (+23%). This fact is related to the spread of chloroquine or amodiaquine resistant falciparum malaria from East Africa (1980-1983: 54%) to Central Africa (1985: 54.5%) and now to a country of west Africa (Benin 1986).

Africa↗
PubMed1987

[Value of cytapheresis in the treatment of loaiasis with high blood microfilaria levels. Results in 7 cases].

Seven patients infected with the filarial worm Loa loa received a treatment by cytapheresis in an attempt to lower the microfilaraemia. Microfilarial levels of between 6,000 and 38,500 ml, before extraction, were reduced, according to the case, by between 47 and 97% (mean 76%). The diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy which followed in 6 of 7 patients showed no sign of any of the serious side-effects which often occur in these type of cases. Due to its practicality and the fact that it is well tolerated, both clinically and biologically, cytapheresis would seem to represent the best method for initially treating loaiasis with high microfilaremia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Systemic infections with Trichosporon beigelii (cutaneum). Report of three new cases.

Three new cases of systemic mycosis due to Trichosporon cutaneum are reported and compared with the 23 previous reports. Two patients had acute leukemia and one patient had a lymphoblastic lymphoma. Blood cultures in two patients and cerebrospinal fluid in the third patient were positive for T. cutaneum. Only one patient recovered after antimycotic therapy and concomitant remission of his leukemia. At autopsy, the two other patients showed widespread infection with T. cutaneum. The authors conclude that diagnosis and management of such infection in the immunosuppressed host are difficult and the prognosis is poor.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Is it necessary to perform sensitivity tests for malaria in the hospital environment?].

From January 1984 to June 1985, 20 out of 65 P. falciparum strains isolated in an hospital in Paris were epidemiologically suspect of resistance to chloroquine. 15 of them were submitted to in vitro chemosensitivity tests with several antimalarials drugs. In cases of suspected chloroquine resistance the initial choice of an alternative drug is mainly presumptive and is generally not guided by the in vitro chemosensitivity assay which results are too much delayed. When in vitro assay shows sensitivity to amino-4-quinolines treatment can be modified accordingly. The determination of plasma concentration of drugs are required in any case. However in vitro sensitivity assays would probably appears essential to physicians in cases of resistance to quinine.

Antimalarials↗
PubMed1985

[Measles vaccination in the Sudan-Sahel region of Africa. Absence of the immunodepressive effect of malaria].

A survey aiming at assessing the effectiveness of anti-measles vaccination was carried out in a rural Upper-Volta population. The haemagglutination inhibition technique was used for detection of anti-measles antibodies; a reciprocal antibody titer of 20 or more was considered as a positive one and the subject considered as immunized. In the age group of 1-3 years old studied here, malaria does not seem to be a factor that modulates the ability of vaccinated subjects of producing anti-measles antibodies. Thus the immunodepressive properties of the Plasmodium is not observed in this immunizing system which effectiveness has been further improved by the development of thermostable vaccines.

Burkina Faso↗
PubMed1984

Hepatocytes as feeder-layers for in vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum blood-stages.

To improve the in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum we attempted to cultivate its erythrocytic stages on monolayers of functionally active hepatocytes. Hepatocytes from Swiss Albino mice were isolated by perfusing the liver with a collagenase solution and were co-cultured with a liver epithelial cell type in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% human umbilical cord serum. The results show that the presence of hepatocytes improves both the multiplication rates of three strains of P. falciparum already in cultivation and the proliferation of freshly isolated strains. Of nine primary isolates tested, only three could be adapted in the standard conditions, whereas all grew readily in the presence of hepatocytes. After two to three weeks of culture with feeder cells, all the strains could be maintained continuously in standard conditions. Similar results were obtained using hepatocytes from another rodent species. Growth was also improved using the supernatant from hepatocyte cultures. No improvement resulted from the use of two human hepatoma cell lines, one rat hepatoma, human embryonic lung fibroblasts, human liver fibroblasts and rat liver epithelial cells as feeder layers. From these results it appears that better culture media can be designed and that the effect of hepatocytes is probably related to the specific functions exhibited by these cells. Hepatocytes may act either by removing toxic substances, particularly lactic acid in the Krebs and Cori cycles, and/or supplying nutrients essential to the parasite.

Animals↗