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Biomedical subjects

A Faundes

Publications and source records attributed to A Faundes.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Pregnancies associated with sperm concentrations below 10 million/ml in clinical studies of a potential male contraceptive method, monthly depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and testosterone esters.

A potential male contraceptive approach was evaluated in clinical trials involving monthly injections of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and either subdermal implants of testosterone propionate or monthly injections of testosterone enanthate. Pregnancies occurred in partners of 9 men with recent sperm counts of 10 million/ml or below. In 5 of the 9 instances, the sperm counts were less than 1 million/ml. It appears that male contraceptive methods involving spermatogenic suppression may require attainment and maintenance of azoospermia. The pregnancy rate cannot be calculated, because the extent of other contraceptive use is uncertain. There were no spontaneous abortions. 6 pregnancies were carried to term, and all progeny were normal, based on physical examination at birth or 3 months after birth.

Contraceptive Agents, Male↗
PubMed1979

First year clinical experience with six levonorgestrel rods as subdermal contraception.

Previous clinical experience with six levonorgestrel subdermal capsules showed a very good contraceptive effectiveness and continuation rate, but with a high proportion of bleeding disturbances, particularly of increased bleeding. It was hypothesized that bleeding could be reduced by higher plasma levels of the steroid, using subdermal rods instead of capsules, as rods have been shown to have a release rate 3 or 4 times that of the capsules. Fifty volunteers were enrolled in a study of the clinical performance of 6 subdermal levonorgestrel rods. Results were compared with a previous experience with 100 volunteers who wore 6 levonorgestrel capsules for a year in the same clinic. Requirement for volunteers to enter the study were the same for capsules and rods. The proportion of women wearing 6 subdermal rods who had increased bleeding was about one half as for the women using 6 levonorgestrel capsules. On the other hand, women using rods had about twice the incidence of amenhorrea, and about four times more hypomenorrhea (4 days or less of bleeding in a 90-day period). There were no pregnancies among the rod users and the discontinuation rate for medical reasons was not higher than for capsule users in the same clinic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Long acting contraceptive implants. An analysis of menstrual bleeding patterns.

The menstrual patterns of women using subdermal implants of levonorgestrel and norgestrienone included in a double-blind clinical trial was evaluated by the method developed by the International Committee on Contraception Research. Women using Copper T200 randomly selected in the same clinics were used as controls. Both implant regimens were associated with a high frequency of reduced bleeding and norgestrel patients had also a high proportion of increased and irregular bleeding. Termination of use was associated to increased bleeding but not so much to reduced bleeding.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progestin-only contraceptive rings.

Several progestin-only long acting contraceptives are currently available in the form of implants or injectables. Vaginal rings are another contraceptive option in the final stages of development. These steroid-containing polymer rings are placed in the vagina, providing relatively constant drug release, thus allowing for lower effective doses. Vaginal rings have the advantage of being user-controlled and non-provider dependent, and their use is non-coital related. The first clinical study with medroxyprogesterone acetate vaginal rings was published in 1970. Since then numerous clinical trials testing different steroids and doses have followed. A large Phase III multicenter clinical trial with a levonorgestrel ring, releasing 20 microg/day, was coordinated and sponsored by WHO. The cumulative one-year pregnancy rate was 4. 5%. The principal reasons for discontinuation were menstrual disturbances (17.2%), followed by frequent expulsion of the ring (7. 1%), and vaginal symptoms (6.0%). The finding of erythematous lesions in the vagina in some women has led to the development of a more flexible device. Collaboration with industry should facilitate the manufacture of a redesigned levonorgestrel ring with a higher release rate. The Population Council is also developing a vaginal ring containing Nestorone for 6 months of continuous use. Ovulation inhibition was achieved in over 97% of the segments studied, with rings releasing either 50, 75, or 100 microg/day. No pregnancies occurred in women using the low-dose ring, while one pregnancy each occurred in the intermediate- and high-dose ring groups for a 6-month cumulative pregnancy rate of 0.0, 1.9, and 2.1%. Bleeding irregularities were common. Nestorone is orally inactive; therefore this ring is also excellent for use in lactating women.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simplifying NFP: preliminary report of a pilot study of the 'collar' method in Brazil.

Natural methods of fertility regulation are acceptable in most cultures. Many couples worldwide do not wish to use contraceptives or do not have access to them but wish to limit their family size or lengthen the time between births. Barriers to expanding use of natural family planning (NFP) methods include a lack of providers who can teach NFP and a lack of time to teach and follow couples during the initial months of NFP use. If simple yet effective methods of NFP are available, then NFP could be introduced to a wider audience. Recently, calendar rules have been revised that use a set interval to identify fertile days. These new rules provide better coverage of fertile days and require less abstinence than the rules traditionally used with the calendar method. One of these new rules is being field tested in a pilot study in Brazil. Couples are asked to abstain from day 9-19 (inclusive) of the menstrual cycle, using a beaded necklace (the 'collar') as a mnemonic device. Focus groups with the teacher-monitors and in-depth interviews with female and male users were carried out to evaluate the acceptability of the 'collar' method. A preliminary analysis of these focus groups and interviews from the first site is presented.

Brazil↗