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Biomedical subjects

A Foldspang

Publications and source records attributed to A Foldspang.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Active knee joint flexibility and sports activity.

The aim of the study was to estimate active knee flexion and active knee extension in athletes and to investigate the potential association of each to different types of sports activity. Active knee extension and active knee flexion was measured in 339 athletes. Active knee extension was significantly higher in women than in men and significantly positively associated with weekly hours of swimming and weekly hours of competitive gymnastics. Active knee flexion was significantly positively associated with participation in basketball, and significantly negatively associated with age and weekly hours of soccer, European team handball and swimming. The results point to sport-specific adaptation of active knee flexion and active knee extension.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

Dynamic strength of the quadriceps muscle and sports activity.

The study objectives were to examine the dynamic strength of the quadriceps muscle in athletes, and investigate its association with participation in sport. The study comprised 168 active competitive non-pregnant athletes, aged 14-24 years. The dynamic strength of their quadriceps muscle was measured, and they answered a questionnaire about sports activity and occupation. The dynamic strength of the quadriceps muscle was significantly higher in men than in women, and was positively associated with body weight, years of jogging, years of soccer, and weekly hours of basketball. In conclusion, the dynamic strength of the quadriceps muscle seems to be associated with sports activity. The results suggest sport specific adaptation, which may reflect high levels of running and jumping activity.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

Prevalent urinary incontinence as a correlate of pregnancy, vaginal childbirth, and obstetric techniques.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between pregnancy, vaginal childbirth and obstetric techniques, and the prevalence of urinary incontinence among adult women aged 20 to 59 years. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey enrolled a random sample of 6240 women aged 20 to 59 years who were mailed a self-administered questionnaire focusing on urinary incontinence and other health variables. More than 75% of the women responded. The present analysis includes 4345 women who were not pregnant and did not experience a vaginal childbirth during 1994. RESULTS: Multivariate prevalence odds ratios showed increases in relation to urinary incontinence during pregnancy, urinary incontinence immediately after a vaginal childbirth, and age of 30 years or more at the second vaginal childbirth. No multivariate associations were found for forceps delivery or vacuum extraction delivery, episiotomy, or perineal suturing. CONCLUSION: Not only the process of childbirth itself but also processes during pregnancy seem to be strongly associated with prevalent urinary incontinence. Perineal suturing may be associated with prevalent urinary incontinence, whereas other obstetric techniques inspected do not seem to be so.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Concurrent validity of the GMS-AGECAT (A3) package in a Danish nursing home population.

AIM: To validate the Danish version of the GMS-AGECAT (A3), the Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) by comparing them to clinical ICD-10 criteria in a Danish nursing home population. METHODS: With a participation of 91%, the study included 100 residents. All residents were interviewed with the GMS-AGECAT (A3), SMMSE and GDS-15 by an MD and then blindly diagnosed by a consultant geriatric psychiatrist. All residents approached for an interview were included, also those who were not able to communicate (the non-accessibles). RESULTS: The prevalence of clinical psychiatric ICD-10 main diagnoses was 56%. The non-accessibles had significantly higher psychiatric morbidity and lower ADL scores (modified Barthel ADL index) compared to those who were able to communicate. With the non-accessibles (N = 100) included, the optimal screening and diagnostic cutpoint for the GMS-AGECAT organic diagnoses was 2/3, with 96% sensitivity, 73% specificity, 77% predictive value of a positive test and 95% predictive value of a negative test. The SMMSE and GDS-15 had better screening properties compared to the GMS-AGECAT but only 60% of the residents were able to complete the SMMSE and 78% were able to complete the GDS-15. CONCLUSION: The Danish version of the GMS-AGECAT has relevant diagnostic and screening properties for organic disorders in Danish nursing home populations.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Prevalent knee pain and sport.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of knee pain in active athletes and to investigate potential associations to type, amount and duration of sports participation. MEASUREMENTS: 339 athletes gave information about occupation, sports activity and different features of knee pain, based on a self-filled questionnaire. MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence of knee pain within the preceding 12 months, constant or recurrent knee pain, absence from sport and absence from work due to knee pain, was 54%, 34%, 19% and 4%, respectively. Knee pain was positively associated with years of jogging and with weekly hours of participation in competitive gymnastics but negatively with weekly hours of tennis. Constant or recurrent knee pain was positively associated with years of swimming. Absence from sport due to knee pain was positively associated with weekly hours of soccer participation. CONCLUSIONS: Knee pain is a common symptom in athletes. The prevalence is associated with the type, amount and duration of sports participation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The International Continence Society (ICS) incontinence definition: is the social and hygienic aspect appropriate for etiologic research?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of applying a problem assessment versus a pure symptom urinary incontinence (UI) caseness definition in etiologic research. SUBJECTS: A random population sample of 2613 women aged 30-59 years, who responded to a postal questionnaire. MAIN PARAMETERS: One-year period prevalence of the symptom of stress UI; UI assessed by the woman to be a social and/or hygienic problem; childbirth and history of abdominal, gynecological, obstetric or urologic surgery. RESULTS: Among the 388 women (14.8% of the population sample) who reported stress UI, 62.6% considered it a social or hygienic problem, and 21.9% had ever abstained socially because of UI. Applying a problem assessment caseness definition caused under-estimation of the role of childbirth, as compared with analyses including a pure symptom caseness definition. CONCLUSION: The International Continence Society (ICS) incontinence definition presents intrinsic logical problems that invalidates its use in biomedical, if not in sociomedical, research. As definition and medical decision are different concepts, this does not necessarily affect the potential utility of the problem assessment aspect when used in everyday clinical practice as a basis for the decision whether to treat women with UI or not.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The Q angle and sport.

Quadriceps muscle contraction tends to straighten the Q angle. We expected that sports comprising a high amount of quadriceps training could be associated with low Q angles. The aim of the present study was to estimate the Q angle in athletes and to investigate its potential associations with participation in sport. Three hundred and thirty-nine athletes had their Q angle measured. The mean of right-side Q angles was higher than left side, and the mean Q angle was higher in women than in men. The Q angle was positively associated with years of jogging, and negatively with years of soccer, swimming and sports participation at all. It is concluded that the use of Q angle measurements is questionable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Overweight and urinary incontinence in women].

The aim was to study the possible role of obesity in adult female urinary incontinence (UI) etiology. A random population sample of 3114 women aged 30-59 were sent a postal questionnaire concerning urinary incontinence and, among other things, body weight and height. The overall response rate was 85%, and the present analysis comprises 2589 women who gave information about their body weight and height. The period prevalence of all, stress, urge, and mixed stress and urge urinary incontinence (UI) was 17%, 15%, 9% and 7%, respectively. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.7 kg/m2. Irrespective of other risk indicators, BMI was positively associated with UI prevalence (OR 1.07 per BMI unit, p < 0.0001). BMI interacted with childbirth in predicting stress UI prevalence, with cystitis in predicting urge UI, and with both in predicting mixed UI. Stress UI turned out to be the UI type most closely associated with BMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

General health assessment in refugees claiming to have been tortured.

General health assessment of refugees claiming to have been previously exposed to torture takes place in a psychological atmosphere affected by the difficult situation of the refugee. Thirty-one refugees, mainly from the Middle East and Africa, were assessed as regards their physical and mental health. Assessment took place with the help of professional interpreters and was, during each interview, performed by two medical doctors using double-blind techniques. Based on a number of highly significant (P < 0.001) correlation coefficients and Kappa values, observers agreed frequently on gradients of symptom intensity and less frequently on absolute symptom levels. However, agreement was almost complete when assessing the presence of intense symptoms and the absolute absence of a symptom. Symptom patterns were demonstrated to be consistent, clinically interpretable and, furthermore, closely associated (P < 0.0001) with self-reported global (general) health. Reliability was moderate with respect to clinical observation during interview.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Do surgical procedures contribute to women's risk of developing urinary incontinence?].

In a cross-sectional study, 85% of 3114 women responded to a questionnaire on urinary incontinence and a history of abdominal, gynaecological and urological surgery. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 17%; 63% had undergone surgery, mainly gynaecological, and almost one-third of the respondents had had more than one operation. Bivariate and multivariate analysis showed stress urinary incontinence to be associated with previous exposure to surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Body mass index and adult female urinary incontinence.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the possible role of obesity in the etiology of adult female urinary incontinence (UI). A random population sample of 3,114 women aged 30-59 years were mailed a questionnaire concerning UI and, among other things, body weight and height. The overall rate of response was 85%, and the present analysis comprises 2,589 women who supplied information about their body weight and height. The period prevalence of all UI, stress UI, urge UI, and mixed stress and urge UI was 17%, 15%, 9%, and 7%, respectively. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.7 kg/m2. Irrespective of other risk indicators, BMI was positively associated with UI prevalence (OR, 1.07/BMI unit; P < 0.0001). BMI interacted with childbirth in predicting stress UI prevalence, with cystitis in predicting urge UI, and with both in predicting mixed UI. Stress UI proved to be the UI type most closely associated with BMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Adult female urinary incontinence and childhood bedwetting.

A cross-sectional random population sample of women 30 to 59 years old was sent a questionnaire on urinary incontinence and, among other things, childhood bedwetting. Among 2,613 responders 17.0% reported prevalent urinary incontinence (14.7% stress provoked, 8.3% associated with urge, 6.8% stress and urge overlap, 2.2% occurring especially during sleep and 3.9% occurring especially when anxious), and 6.5% reported childhood bedwetting after age 5 years and 3.3% after age 10 years. Childhood bedwetting was associated with prevalent urge urinary incontinence (p < 0.01) and incontinence occurring during sleep (p < 0.0001) but was less marked with urinary incontinence occurring in situations of anxiety (p < 0.025). It is concluded that some individuals suffer a long-lasting disturbance of the balance between micturition and sleep processes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Criterion-related validity of screening for exposure to torture.

Using an in-depth psychological assessment as reference, the aim of the study was to validate adult Middle Eastern refugees' own testimonies of their possible previous exposure to torture. The study group comprised 31 male and 43 female refugees, who accepted participation in a structured interview with closed questions and a following blinded in-depth psychological interview. According to the psychological interview, 30% (55% of males, 12% of females) had been exposed to torture. The sensitivity and the specificity of the structured interview in identifying previous torture was 82% and 92%, respectively, without significant differences concerning the refugee's gender. It is concluded that refugees' own testimonies of torture appear fairly valid. This enables anamnestic torture prevalence estimation in refugee groups, based on pre-structured interview techniques. Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims (RCT), Copenhagen, and Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Aarhus University.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Association between urinary incontinence in women and a previous history of surgery.

In a cross-sectional study, 85% of 3114 women responded to a questionnaire on urinary incontinence and a history of abdominal, gynaecological and urological surgery. In 1987 the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 17%; 63% had undergone surgery, mainly gynaecological, and almost one-third of the respondents had had more than one operation. Bivariate and multivariate analysis showed stress urinary incontinence to be associated with previous exposure to surgery.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1992

[Pregnant women's knowledge about HIV and AIDS].

This investigation is based upon information from 820 pregnant women who replied to a questionnaire about AIDS during the period 17.4.1989-14.7.1989. The questions included sources of information, knowledge about routes of infection and risk groups and the extent of spread of infection and disease in the population. 95% agreed to participate. Knowledge had been obtained primarily via the electronic media, while the health services had limited significance. The employment of sources of information depended on age and occupation. Apart from knowledge about the risk involved in breast feeding, the women were, in general, well informed about routes of infection. Knowledge about risk groups and the current extent of spread of infection was, on the the other hand, deficient. Defective knowledge was concentrated in groups which may be characterized by age (less than 24 years) and occupation (trained and untrained workers and the group of "other occupations"). Information obtained from health staff was connected with better knowledge about the extent of spread of infection. The majority of women desired routine information about AIDS in connection with antenatal control. Prophylactic measures should be based, among other things, on knowledge about development in the knowledge in the population and its employment of sources of information, so that specific information may be directed to certain groups of the population by using the most frequently employed and most effective routes of information. The knowledge of population groups, the attitudes and behaviour should be followed continuously.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Parity as a correlate of adult female urinary incontinence prevalence.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the possible association between parity, as indicated by the number of childbirths, and prevalence of urinary incontinence in an adult female population sample. DESIGN AND SETTING: A sample of 3114 women aged 30-59 years was selected at random from the population of Aarhus, Denmark, and mailed a self administered questionnaire on urinary incontinence and, among other things, parity. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2631 questionnaires was returned (85%) with a slight but significant decrease in respondency by age. MAIN RESULTS: The 1987 urinary incontinence period prevalence was 17%. Seventy eight percent were parous, and 24% had had three or more childbirths. In women aged 30-44 years, the prevalence of urinary incontinence was found to be associated with parity and, in women aged 45 years and more, with three or more childbirths. In parous women 30-44 years of age, the prevalence of urinary incontinence increased with age at least childbirth and, in women aged 45 years and over, it increased with increasing parity but decreased with increasing age at first childbirth. In parous women, no association was found with time since last childbirth. Among clinical types of urinary incontinence, stress incontinence consistently showed the strongest associations with indicators of parity. In women aged 30-44 years, nearly two thirds of the 1987 prevalence of stress incontinence could be attributed to parity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the hypothesis that pregnancy and childbirth are potent causes of female urinary incontinence, so that they exert considerable impact on the level of population urinary incontinence prevalence. In the individual woman, the effect seems to be cumulative and long lasting but fades with age.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Social context, social abstention, and problem recognition correlated with adult female urinary incontinence.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to describe types of social contexts and abstention from social activity in women reporting urinary incontinence (UI); to identify social contexts and social abstention specifically associated with clinical UI subtypes; to relate clinical type of UI, social context and social abstention to individual problem perception. DESIGN AND SETTING: A self-administered postal questionnaire was sent to a random population sample comprising 3,114 women aged 30-59 in the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark. RESPONDERS: A total of 2,631 women (84.5%) responded with a slight decrease in response rate by age. The present study group consists of 511 women (19.4% of the responders) who reported period prevalent UI for at least one of the years 1985-1987. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of the study group members reported stress UI and 50% urge UI, so that 42% had both (mixed stress and urge UI) and 6% none of them (unspecific UI). Forty-six percent indicated the workplace and 66% the home as principal sites of UI occurrence. Thirty-one percent had experienced UI in specific situations such as during anxiety, sexual intercourse, or sleep. Nineteen percent had abstained from social activities, 17% from non-intimate social activity and 6% from sexual intercourse. Fourteen percent perceived UI as a social problem and 60% as a hygienic problem. Indicators of stress UI were associated with UI occurring at the work-place and during sexual intercourse which, in turn, both were correlates of abstention from non-intimate social activity. Urge UI was associated with episodes of UI occurring at home and in specific situations such as during anxiety and sleep. The experience of UI during sexual intercourse was related to all types of abstention. The perception of UI as a social or hygienic problem depended on the duration since first UI episode as well as social context and abstention. CONCLUSIONS: The everyday life consequences of UI are widespread and may cause serious relational problems for the individual. Stress UI manifests itself as a somatic condition leading to abstention from sport and other non-intimate social activities. Urge UI and the role of the experience of UI during sexual intercourse should be further investigated also from psycho-somatic and psycho-social coping points of view.

Absenteeism↗