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Biomedical subjects

A Foldspang

Publications and source records attributed to A Foldspang.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Selenium in human mammary carcinogenesis: a case-referent study.

In a case-referent study on the possible role of selenium in human mammary carcinogenesis, serum selenium was found to be 79 +/- 12 micrograms/l in 66 cases and 81 +/- 12 micrograms/l in 93 referents. An internal trend in serum selenium was observed among cases (TNM stage I 81 +/- 11 micrograms/l and TNM stage II 76 +/- 13 micrograms selenium/l), indicating disease-mediated changes. The evaluation of selenium as a risk indicator in human breast cancer was therefore restricted to TNM stage I patients (n = 36). Multiple logistic regression analyses including variables associated with selenium levels revealed no association between selenium levels and breast cancer risk.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Anxiety in voluntary HIV-antibody testing in pregnancy and its implications for preventive strategies.

During a three-month period in 1989, 820 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, were offered a HIV-antibody test and asked to fill out an anonymous questionnaire about attitudes to HIV-antibody testing; 779 (95.0%) agreed to do so. One hundred and fifty-six women (20.0% of the participants) had been tested on a previous occasion, and 629 (80.7%) accepted the present offer to be tested. The most prevalent reasons to decline testing were indifference to the epidemic (45.3% of those declining), refusal of (further) blood testing (34.7%) and fear of being infected (16.7%). Women who consented to be tested most often expressed fear of being infected (21.8%). Fear of registration worried less than 5% of study group members; only 1% declined to be tested because of such worry. The pattern of worries expressed by the pregnant women is interpreted as one of anxiety and, in part at least, perplexity as concerns how to take rational consequences of public messages about the HIV epidemic. It is suggested that future surveillance be based primarily on voluntary testing and, whenever needed and possible, supplied with anonymous unlinked testing of existing blood samples from groups and persons declining to be tested. Such surveillance strategies should be supported in individual patient contacts and public health educational campaigns underscoring the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV and the need for repeated HIV-antibody testing of selected groups and individuals.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1990

[Acceptance of HIV antibody testing among pregnant women].

During the period April 17-July 14, 1989, 820 pregnant women were offered HIV-antibody testing at the antenatal clinic, Aarhus Municipality Hospital. Seven hundred and seventy-nine (95%) agreed to complete a questionnaire concerning, among other things, previous HIV-antibody testing. 20% of the participants had been tested previously, half of them because they were blood donors. More than 3% had been tested because of self-perceived risk behaviour or a risk environment. In three women, the previous test had shown HIV-antibodies to be present, and three further women refused to report the test result. 81% of the women consented to be tested. Acceptance declined during the project period. Those who had not been tested previously consented more frequently than those who had. Students were less willing to consent than others. Nineteen out of 20 women (2.6%), who considered themselves at high risk, accepted the offer to be tested. Thirty-eight (5%) of the 150 women who declined to be tested, would have accepted if their general practitioner had suggested it. None of the women tested at present were found to be HIV-antibody positive. When the project was terminated, a total of 87% of the women had been HIV-antibody tested previously or at present. We suggest routine HIV surveillance of pregnant women by use of voluntary HIV-antibody testing in combination with anonymous testing (AUT technique) in case the women does not want to know the test result.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Urinary incontinence in women aged 30-59 years. An epidemiological study].

Among the female population of Aarhus Municipality, Denmark, 3,114 women were drawn at random and sent a postal questionnaire about the occurrence of urinary incontinence (UI) in adult life. The response rate was 85%. 26% of the respondents had experienced one or more episodes of UI in adult life. 14% had perceived UI as a social or hygienic problem cf. the UI definition of The International Continence Society. The mean 1987 period prevalence was observed to be 17% (ICS defined UI, 10%). UI incidence rose with increasing age, especially in age groups 25-29 and 45-49 years. By the age of 59, 30% had experienced UI (ICS defined UI, 18%). Pure stress UI and combined stress and urge UI were the most frequent clinical types.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Dietary intake of methylmercury as a correlate of gestational length and birth weight among newborns in Greenland.

Between January 1983 and December 1986, a total of 376 mothers living in Godthaab and Thule, Greenland, were asked about their average weekly intake of marine food. The blood methylmercury concentrations of mothers and offspring were measured. Mean methylmercury concentrations in infants were found to be 40 percent higher than in mothers. High maternal and offspring methylmercury blood concentrations were found to be associated with low mean birth weight, but not with short gestational length.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Acceptability of voluntary population screening for antibodies against HIV. Aarhus Research Group on AIDS.

In order to assess the acceptability of voluntary population screening for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a random sample of 300 Danish men, aged 20-49 years, were sent a self-administered questionnaire. Among nonrespondents, recruitment attempts were repeated three times with intervals of 8-10 days. In total, 76.7% responded. Two hundred men (87.0% of the respondents) would accept an offer to be tested in an anti-HIV screening programme. Among respondents, 72.9% agreed to identify themselves to the researchers, 22.1% preferred to be tested under a code number known only by the participant himself, and 5% wanted the test information to be completely anonymous. Among the 30 men refusing HIV testing, 40% reported they were not concerned about AIDS, 16.7% expressed concern with confidentiality problems, and another 16.7% had been tested already and for this reason declined to participate. Previous reports have indicated high seroprevalences among nonrespondents and raised prevalences of behavior at high risk for HIV infection among persons who do themselves take the initiative to be tested or who decline to be tested because they worry about confidentiality. Low respondency and the associated disproportional loss of subjects at high risk of HIV infection may bias HIV seroprevalence estimates based on population probability sampling, especially in areas with low HIV infection prevalence. Because of these biases, voluntary population screening is likely to give only lower bound estimates of HIV seroprevalence. So, this technique should only be used in combination with other surveillance approaches.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Descriptive epidemiology of urinary incontinence in 3,100 women age 30-59.

3,114 women were randomly selected among the 30-59 years old female inhabitants of the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark, and mailed a questionnaire on experience of urinary incontinence (UI) through adult life. Eighty-five % responded, and 26% reported to have experienced UI in adult life. Fourteen % had perceived it a social of hygienic problem, in accordance with the International Continence Society (ICS) definition. The total period prevalence year 1987 and the period prevalence according to the ICS definition were found to be 17 and 10%, respectively. The estimated incidence of UI increased with age, especially through ages 25-29 and 45-49. By the age of 59, 30 and 18% were estimated to have had one or more episodes of UI in general and ICS defined UI, respectively. Pure stress UI and combined stress and urge UI seemed to be the predominant clinical types.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Standardized performance tests and their impact on the decisions determining the type of rehabilitation program. A health service case study from a vocational rehabilitation clinic.

In the health and social sectors, many diagnostic and prognostic tests are carried out without a constant watch on (1) what influence the test results have on decisions, and (2) the impact of these decisions on every day clinical work. Consequently, it is not known whether the additional information gained, if any, justifies the expenditure necessary for resources involved in a testing procedure. In fact, the net impact of testing in every day clinical work may be negative. By carrying out a testing procedure, under the before mentioned conditions, resources would be wasted. Since the early 1970's a battery of standardized performance tests have been used at the Vocational Rehabilitation Clinic in Aarhus, Denmark. Originally, the aim of the tests was to identify and give an early discharge to those clients, that were, in any case, shown to be fit for a social pre-term pension. An early discharge of these clients would enable the Clinic to counsel a greater number of clients who were suited to vocational rehabilitation. The test period lasts two weeks, and the average stay in the Clinic amounts to about 3 months. During the years 1981 to 1983, a total of 607 clients were discharged from the Clinic. Out of the 607, 379 had been given the battery of tests. Those tested stayed 16 days longer at the clinic than the rest of the clients. A few clients got an early discharge. The associations between the test results and case closure status were weak. Furthermore, these weak associations occurred in 6 out of 51 tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Danish primary health care research 1950-80. Organization, content, methods.

This paper describes the development of Danish research into the primary health care system 1950-80 during which 1198 reports were published. After this research field had been given a high priority by the National Danish Medical Research Board, the number of reports published per year increased rapidly. This was also a consequence of an increased understanding both in the population and among professionals in the health care system, of the importance of prevention and thus of social components in morbidity and in the consequences of disease. The published reports are described concerning the underlying research organization, the research objectives, and the methodology applied. Needs for future activities are outlined, especially the need for methodological education and for research concerning the organization of the primary health care system. Research should be directed towards the involvement of the population in decisions in the primary health care system, thus enabling greater understanding of morbidity and consequences of disease and, consequently, increasing activity in the promotion of good health.

Denmark↗
PubMed1983

Natural history of epileptic seizures.

Since 1963 a continuous registration of patients with epileptic seizures has been carried out in Greater Aarhus, Denmark. This registration has been attempted by means of medical records dating back to 1940. On the basis of the established prevalence and the calculated cumulated incidence, we have tried to describe the natural history of the different types of epilepsy. The prevalence of all types of epileptic seizures (including febrile convulsions) has been found to be 2,441/100,000, whereas for patients with the diagnosis of epilepsy the rate is 1,274/100,000. The study describes the natural history of the different types of epilepsy. In addition, the risk-increasing effect of a febrile convulsive seizure on the development of epilepsy is analyzed.

Adolescent↗