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Biomedical subjects

A Forsgren

Publications and source records attributed to A Forsgren.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Functional properties of polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulated in a skin chamber.

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes harvested from a skin chamber were compared with peripheral blood leukocytes by examining their migration under agarose, their bactericidal capacity and their chemiluminescence. The chamber leukocytes were chemotactically de-activated and their bactericidal capacity reduced. The chemiluminescent response of chamber leukocytes was increased. In response to stimulation with formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (first peak), chemiluminescence was far more marked in chamber leukocytes (10-30 times) than in blood leukocytes, whereas in response to stimulation with opsonized zymosan it was only moderately more marked (3-5 times). Exposed to zymosan activated serum, blood leukocytes showed a similar functional modification as leukocytes harvested from a skin chamber, and our findings suggest that the altered function of leukocytes at an inflammatory focus is largely the result of their exposure to chemotactic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of doxycycline on immune response in mice.

The effect of doxycycline on immune response has been studied in mice, cell-mediated immunity being evaluated with the split heart allograft technique. Survival duration of heart transplants in animals treated with 2.5 mg of doxycycline per kg per day from the day of transplantation until rejection was slightly but significantly longer than in untreated animals, 18.8 days (P less than 0.05) as compared with 14.5 days. In doxycycline-treated animals, both agglutinating and hemolytic antibody response to sheep erythrocytes was slightly but significantly decreased, though there was no inhibition of splenic production of antibodies to sheep erythrocytes (as measured by the number of plaques of hemolysis detected). The results show the immune response in mice to be only moderately inhibited by doxycycline. The relevance of experiments in mice is also discussed.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1985

Comparative in vitro activity of three new quinolone antibiotics against recent clinical isolates.

New orally absorbable quinolone derivatives, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin demonstrated excellent activity in vitro against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus sp. indole-positive, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and enterococci. None of the 3 drugs was more than moderately effective against Bacteroides fragilis. Ciprofloxacin was 2-4 times more effective against most gram-negative strains than was either norfloxacin or ofloxacin, and was also the most effective against gram-positive strains, though the difference was less marked. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were almost equally effective against S. aureus. Results with agar and with broth were comparable. The activities of all 3 drugs were essentially independent of inoculum size, as the MIC values increased less than one dilution step when the inoculum was increased from 10(3) to 10(6). The new quinolone derivatives would appear to be promising alternatives to injectable drugs such as the aminoglycosides and cephalosporins.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy with special reference to group B streptococci.

The relationship between significant bacteriuria (SB), i.e. 2 subsequent voided urine specimens with greater than or equal to 10(5) colony forming units (CFU)/ml, and the occurrence of bacteria in the urinary bladder detected by bladder punction, was investigated in asymptomatic pregnant women. From 30 (70%) of the 43 women with SB studied, bacteria were isolated from the urinary bladder. The same bacteria were found in the bladders of all 21 women with Escherichia coli, the one with Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the one with Staphylococcus saprophyticus in midstream urine. Six of 10 patients with group B streptococci (GBS), 1 of 4 patients with Streptococcus faecalis, and none of 5 patients with Staphylococcus epidermidis in voided specimens had bacteria in the aspirated urine. Serotype III was isolated from 8/10 patients with SB caused by GBS. One child born to a woman with GBS SB but no bacteria in the urinary bladder, got early onset septicaemia. The poor predictive value of SB with GBS, S. faecalis and S. epidermidis necessitates the increased use of bladder puncture for diagnosis of true asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB), i.e. AB with bacteria in the urinary bladder. SB with GBS even without bacteria in the urinary bladder, may constitute a threat to the baby's health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Antinuclear antibodies in mice induced by long wave ultraviolet radiation (UVA).

PUVA therapy has been reported to induce antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The generation of ANA following ultraviolet irradiation was studied experimentally in albino mice. When treated with long wave ultraviolet radiation (UVA) from blacklight fluorescent tubes a significant number of animals developed positive ANA titres, whereas no change was noted in groups, treated with PUVA, 8-methoxypsoralen only or medium wave ultraviolet irradiation (UVB) respectively. The tendency for UVA-irradiated mice to develop ANA was stronger when higher ANA titres were compared. UVA induces ANA in mice, and PUVA-induced ANA may be due to the UVA component of this therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Antibiotic accumulation in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and lymphocytes.

Human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and lymphocytes were incubated with 10 different radiolabelled antibiotics (10 micrograms/ml) for 2 hours. The ratio of cellular concentration to extracellular concentration of the drugs was determined after centrifugation. For beta-lactam antibiotics and gentamicin the ratios were less than 1.0. The ratios for doxycycline, erythromycin, fusidic acid and rifampicin were 13, 4.3, 7-10 and 2.5 respectively indicating a cellular accumulation of these drugs. Erythromycin, fusidic acid and rifampicin were rapidly released from the cells in antibiotic free medium, while doxycycline was partly irreversibly bound.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Immunological aspects of humidifier fever.

An epidemiological investigation was made of eight employees working in a defined section of an office building who complained of febrile reactions accompanied by respiratory tract symptoms and fatigue. Culture of the water from the humidifier for their section yielded strains of Pseudomonas acidovorans and an unidentified Pseudomonas species. In vitro studies showed that these strains activated the alternative pathway of the complement system in Mg-EGTA supplemented serum, as evidenced by properdin depletion and conversion of C3-proactivator (Factor B) and C3. Whereas the employees with symptoms had significantly reduced properdin values during the symptomatic phase, a slight C3 conversion and antibodies to Pseudomonas spp., staff working in another part of the building with a different ventilation system did not. It was concluded that staff with humidifier fever symptoms had been exposed to Pseudomonas spp. through the faulty ventilation system, and their symptoms were most likely a result of complement activation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Rapidly progressing rheumatoid arthritis: an example of polyclonal B-cell activation?

We report the case of a 76-year old woman who presented with a palindromic onset of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. After suffering from a fulminant pulmonary infection she developed serologic tests for ornitosis, mycoplasma, pneumocystis carinii and low titer yersinia. Also the rheumatoid factor titer increased and the antinuclear antibody test became positive. Clinically, the course of a rather benign polyarthritis changed into a rapidly progressive deforming disease. The course was also complicated by cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis. Further deterioration occurred after a relapse of pulmonary infection, and she died following acute abdominal surgery for perforated sigmoiditis. It is speculated that the clinical course was in part caused by polyclonal B-cell activation.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Effects of in vitro PUVA on human leukocyte function.

Human polymorphonuclear and monomorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL and MMNL) were exposed in vitro to 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP, 0.1-80 micrograms/ml) and/or UV-A radiation (0.03-2 J/cm2) and then analysed for the following functions: chemotaxis, bactericidal activity and proliferation in response to mitogen stimulation. The functions of PMNL became depressed only at a high PUVA dose level (about 20 micrograms/ml of 8-MOP plus 2 J/cm2 of UV-A), whereas with MMNL chemotaxis was inhibited at 1 microgram/ml of 8-MOP plus 2 J/cm2 of UV-A and lymphocyte proliferation was diminished at 0.1 microgram/ml plus 0.1 J/cm2. Since with the MMNL, as compared with the PMNL, a longer time period was present between PUVA exposure and analysis, and since no difference between these cell types in trypan blue exclusion could be seen, the relative sensitivity of the MMNL functions was taken as evidence of DNA damage being a mechanism for the observed PUVA-induced effects.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1984

Activity of common antibiotics against Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus in 1983.

The activity of phenoxymethylpenicillin (PcV), ampicillin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, co trimoxazole, doxycycline and erythromycin against clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus in 1983 was investigated with the MIC-method (plate-dilution technique). Forty-six percent of B. catarrhalis, 2% of H. influenzae and 78% of S. aureus were beta-lactamase producing and had high MIC-values for penicillin and ampicillin. Thus MIC for 90% of all strains of B. catarrhalis was 32 mg/l and 8 mg/l for penicillin and ampicillin while MIC for 90% of non beta-lactamase producing Branhamella strains was 2 mg/l and 0.25 mg/l respectively. This indicates a high susceptibility of penicillins to the action of Branhamella beta-lactamase. Almost all strains of B. catarrhalis, pneumococci, group A streptococci and S. aureus were inhibited at low concentrations of erythromycin. However, 4 mg/l was required to inhibit 90% of H. influenzae. Co-trimoxazole and doxycycline had good activity against all B. catarrhalis and H. influenzae strains while a few pneumococci, streptococci and staphylococci had intermediate sensitivity or were resistant. Essentially all strains were sensitive to cefuroxime and chloramphenicol.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1984

Sensitivity of 523 blood culture isolates to 33 antibiotics.

523 blood culture isolates collected during 18 months (July 1980-December 1981) were analysed by the agar dilution method for sensitivity to 33 antibiotics. Breakpoints corresponding to the SIR system were used but for N-formimidoyl-thienamycin (N-f-thienamycin), azthreonam and fosfomycin serial dilutions were made. Aminoglycosides (netilmicin, gentamicin, amikacin and tobramycin) inhibited from 90 to 86% of the strains. This was comparable to the percentage inhibited by some cephalosporins (cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephamandole and moxalactam) ranging from 95 to 89%. A very high number of strains (99%) were inhibited by N-f-thienamycin. By combination of certain antibiotics more than 99% of the strains could be inhibited.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1984

Species distribution and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated pre- and postoperatively from patients undergoing transurethral prostatic resection.

The identity and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated bacteria from 179 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate were analysed. The patients were randomized into a group receiving a short course of cefotaxime in conjunction with the operation and a control group given no antibiotics. Preoperatively 70 patients had bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 10(7) CFU/l) with a predominance of Gram-negative bacteria (57 isolates, mainly Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella ssp, Proteus ssp), although Gram-positive species (24 isolates, mainly enterococci and Staphylococcus epidermidis) were also frequently encountered. Preoperatively isolated pathogens were evenly distributed in both groups and the sensitivity pattern was comparable. In the cefotaxime group postoperative recurrence of the preoperatively identified bacteria occurred in a lower frequency (11/43) than persistence in the control group (24/38). Only Gram-negative pathogens were isolated from patients with postoperative septicemia and upper urinary tract infections indicating that it is most important to direct prophylaxis against Gram-negative bacteria. A high degree of sensitivity against cefotaxime, gentamicin, trimethoprim, co-trimazine and a combination of ampicillin and mecillinam was recorded among both pre- and postoperatively isolated bacteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A short antibiotic course given in conjunction with and after catheter removal consecutive to transurethral prostatic resection.

In a prospective randomized study of 96 patients, the effect of a short antibiotic course given after transurethral prostatic resection was analysed. Cefotaxime (1 g. i.m. every 12 hours to a total of 3 g) was given to 47 patients with the first doses when the postoperative catheter was removed while 49 were assigned to a control group without antibiotic. The frequency of bacteriuria was 48% preoperatively in the cefotaxime group and 33% six weeks postoperatively. In the control group the corresponding figures were 63% and 50% (p greater than 0.1). There were two cases of septicemia in each group immediately post-operatively whereas upper urinary tract infection developed in five patients in the control group and one patient in the cefotaxime group (p greater than 0.1). The total number of infectious and non-infectious complications was significantly greater in the control group (22) compared to the cefotaxime group (12) (p less than 0.05). The patients receiving the antibiotic remained a shorter time in hospital as compared to the controls. Bacteriological analysis showed a good in vitro effect of cefotaxime on isolated bacteria.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

The effect of a short antibiotic course in transurethral prostatic resection.

In a prospective randomized study of 192 patients, the effect of a short course of cefotaxime in connection with transurethral prostatic resection was analyzed. The antibiotic was given to 98 patients, while 94 were assigned to a control group without antibiotic. The frequency of bacteriuria in the cefotaxime group was 43% preoperatively and 18% six weeks postoperatively. In the control group the corresponding figures were 40 and 42% (p less than 0.01). Complicated postoperative infection did not occur in the cefotaxime group, but in the control group there was one case of septicemia and seven patients had upper urinary tract infections (p less than 0.01). In the cefotaxime group, patients with preoperatively negative urine culture were prevented from acquiring bacteriuria, and 67% of preoperatively present infections were eliminated at six weeks after the operation, as compared with 30% in the control group. There were essentially no side effects of cefotaxime. Renal function was not influenced by the combination of cefotaxime and furosemide.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Antimicrobial agents and host defence.

Reports from different laboratories on effects of different antibiotics on host defence are often hard to compare because of differences in experimental design. The purpose of this presentation was to describe the effect of many different antibiotics with the same standardized techniques. E. coli and S. aureus pre-exposed to different beta-lactam antibiotics or gentamicin in subinhibitory concentrations were more susceptible to phagocytosis and killing by granulocytes than non-treated bacteria. A markedly depressed chemotaxis was detected when human leucocytes were incubated with fusidic acid and rifampicin in clinically obtainable concentration and well absorbed tetracyclines at high concentrations. The incorporation of 14C-leucine into a trichloracetic-acid insoluble form by human neutrophils was markedly depressed by the same antibiotics. Many other antibiotics did not inhibit granulocyte or lymphocyte functions. At therapeutic concentrations fusidic acid and rifampicin had a pronounced inhibition effect on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine by human T-lymphocytes stimulated by PHA and B-lymphocytes by S. aureus, Cowan I. At concentrations above the therapeutic level, inhibition was detected for doxycycline, erythromycin, clindamycin and nitrofurantoin. Due to high albumin binding for some of the tested antibiotics and other factors involved, experiments were performed to test whether depression also takes place in vivo. The cellular immunity in mice was registered by monitoring the survival of transplanted heart grafts. Rifampicin at human therapeutic dose had a strong inhibiting effect (p less than 0.001) on the rejection of heart grafts. The effect of doxycycline (2.5 mg/kg/day) and fusidic acid (25 mg/kg/day) was slight but significant (p less than 0.02).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Antimicrobial activity of fosfomycin in vitro.

Fosfomycin is a new bactericidal broad-spectrum antibiotic. In this study the minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) was determined for 745 recent clinical isolates. Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis, group A and B streptococci Streptococcus faecalis and pneumoniae as well as Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens and Haemophilus influenzae were very sensitive to the new drug with essentially all strains inhibited at 64 mg/l or less. Klebsiella, Enterobacter, indole-positive proteus and Pseudomonas-aeruginosa were less sensitive with 96, 42, 66 and 58% inhibited at 64 mg/l of fosfomycin. Bacteroides fragilis was resistant.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗