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Biomedical subjects

A Fujiwara

Publications and source records attributed to A Fujiwara.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Gastric blood flow responses to autonomic nerve stimulation and related pharmacological studies in rats.

The effects of autonomic nerve stimulation on rat gastric blood flow (GBF) were studied using a cross thermocouple method. Stimulation of the periarterial nerve bundles along the left gastric artery produced a decrease in GBF which was antagonized by phenoxybenzamine (0.05 mg kg-1 i.v.), but not by propranolol (1 mg kg-1 i.v.). Stimulation of the vagus nerves elicited an increase in GBF, within a latency of 20 s, which was not apparently affected by atropine (0.15 and 1.5 mg kg-1 i.v.) but was completely blocked by hexamethonium (10 mg kg-1 i.v.). The GBF increase due to acetylcholine (0.25 micrograms rat-1 i.a.), was markedly blocked by atropine (0.15 mg kg-1 i.v.). Vagal stimulation also produced both the cholinergic excitation and non-cholinergic inhibition of gastric motility. The vagally induced GBF increase was little affected by any pretreatment with phentolamine, propranolol, indomethacin or aprotinin. These results suggest that sympathetic nerve stimulation creases GBF through alpha-adrenoceptors and parasympathetic nerve stimulation increases GBF through a non-cholinergic mechanism in rats and that the GBF increase may result from a primary dilator effect of vagal stimulation on the blood vessels because of the immediate initiation of the response.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Microbial conversion of anthracycline antibiotics. I. Microbial conversion of aclacinomycin B to aclacinomycin A.

Streptomyces galilaeus OBB-111 and its blocked mutant were found to convert aclacinomycin B and related anthracycline glycosides of the B type to the corresponding A-type glycosides. Only the cell fraction of cultures of S. galilaeus OBB-111 was capable of catalyzing the reaction. The activity was associated with growth but disappeared before the start of rapid production of aclacinomycins A and B.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1983

Microbial conversion of anthracycline antibiotics. II. Characterization of the microbial conversion products of auramycinone by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus ATCC 31276.

Auramycinone was subjected to microbial conversion by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus ATCC 31276, a producer of baumycins. As a result, auramycinone was converted to 11-hydroxyauramycinone and 9-methyl-10-hydroxydaunomycin (feudomycin D). The results implicate auramycinone as a presumptive intermediate in the biosynthesis of 9-methyl-10-hydroxydaunomycin by S. coeruleorubidus.

Anthracyclines↗
PubMed1983

[Cytogenetic studies of multiple ovarian dermoid cysts in a single host].

To investigate the pathogenesis of gonadal teratoma, sixteen ovarian dermoid cysts obtained from four patients were examined by using chromosomal Q and R heteromorphisms, HLA antigens and enzyme polymorphisms of phosphoglucomutase-1 and esterase-D. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Karyotypes of 16 tumors were 46,XX. 2) In thirteen tumors, chromosomal heteromorphisms were homozygous for the homologous chromosomes, being heterozygous in the hosts. In 9 of them, all gene markers analyzed were also homozygous, but in the remaining 4 tumors some gene markers showed heterozygous combination. These findings indicate that these 13 tumors arose from a germ cell after the first meiotic division by suppression of the second meiotic division or by fusion of polar body II with the oocyte. 3) In three tumors, chromosomal heteromorphisms showed heterozygous patterns as in the hosts. In 2 of them, some gene markers were homozygous, and in the remaining one tumor the gene markers were all heterozygous. These findings suggest that these three tumors arose from a germ cell before the first meiotic division. It is concluded that multiple ovarian dermoid cysts in a single host originate from different germ cells with diverse mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology].

BRL 25000 was administered to 37 cases with infections in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. The drug was administered to 17 cases with adnexitis, 13 cases with intrauterine infection and 7 cases with parametritis and/or inflammation of pelvic dead space, etc. The percentage of efficacy (excellent and good) was 74.3%. Of 7 cases where no therapeutic effect was obtained with other drugs, the percentage of efficacy was 57.1%. Antibacterial effect of BRL 25000 was studied in terms of percentage of eradication (including replacement) of clinical isolates. A high percentage of eradication (94.4% or 17/18) was obtained. Among all clinical isolates, 37.9% or 11/29 were beta-lactamase producing organisms. Eradication or replacement by BRL 25000 was noted in all these 9 strains, and BRL 25000 was proved to have a high efficacy also against penicillin or cephalosporin resistant organisms. No abnormality was noted in any patient in hematological, hepatic and renal function before and after administration of BRL 25000. As adverse reaction, diarrhea was found in 1 of 37 cases (2.7%), but it reduced after off-dose.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Histogenesis on the ovarian Leydig cell tumor--light microscopic dry-mounting radioautography for 3H-cholesterol and electron microscopic cytochemistry for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity].

A case of a virilizing ovarian Leydig cell tumor in a 38 year-old woman with a markedly elevated plasma testosterone level was investigated using light microscopic dry-mounting radioautography and electron microscopic cytochemistry. Following total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, the plasma testosterone level fell abruptly. Light microscopic dry-mounting radioautography for 3H-cholesterol showed silver grains mainly localized over the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. In the Leydig cell tumor there were three different cell types: Fibroblast-like cells, Leydig cells (steroid-secreting cells) and transitional cells (partially or incompletely differentiated Leydig cells). Reaction products for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity were localized on tubular or lamellar cristae and inner membranes of the mitochondria, and on the membranes of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the transitional cell as well as in the Leydig cell. From these facts, it is suggested that the Leydig cell tumor is derived from the fibroblast-like cell and the Leydig cell, already has a steroidogenic activity in secreting testosterone.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical use of ticarcillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Efficacy of ticarcillin in single administration and in combination therapy with S-sulfonated human immunoglobulin].

Single use of ticarcillin (TIPC, Monapen) was administered in 57 cases and combination therapy of TIPC and S-sulfonated human immunoglobulin (Venilon) was carried out in 23 patients who were either with severe infection, very old or in poor general conditions. The results obtained were as follows. Effective rate of single use of TIPC was 100% (3/3) in cases with infection, 50% (3/6) in cases with infection in which prior antibiotics therapy was poorly effective and 100% (48/48) in post operative cases. Effective rate of combination therapy of TIPC with S-sulfonated human immunoglobulin was 85.7% (6/7) in cases with infection, 71.4% (5/7) in cases with infection in which prior antibiotics therapy was poorly effective and 100% (9/9) in post operative cases. In laboratory findings, mild elevations of transaminase were recognized in 6 cases but restored to normal values without specific therapy. Side effect such as diarrhea, exanthema, fever, nausea and vomiting was not found in our cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of postoperative radiotherapy by the moving strip technique for malignant ovarian tumor].

As a treatment for malignant ovarian tumor, whole abdominal irradiation including the upper abdomen is more useful. Between December, 1975 and November, 1980, we additionally applied whole abdominal irradiation by the moving strip technique (1,600 rad) after operation and whole pelvic irradiation (3,000 rad) to 43 cases of malignant ovarian tumor (serous cystadenocarcinoma-24, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma-7, mesodermal mixed tumor-3, clear cell carcinoma-2, endometrioid carcinoma-2, malignant granulosa cell tumor-1, malignant Brenner tumor-1 and metastatic tumor-3). Out of 10 cases with complete resection of the tumor, nine patients are surviving without recurrence, and also some advanced cases with incomplete operation have shown a remarkable reduction in the tumor size. As to complications, diarrhea during lower abdominal irradiation as well as nausea and vomiting during upper abdominal irradiation were observed, but no characteristic changes were observed upon checking peripheral blood, liver and renal function; thus most cases completed the whole therapy without interruption. Some cases that had appeared to respond favorably course showed a rapid recurrence after 1.5-2 years, so four cases were given repeated irradiation, but results were not so satisfactory. Further study of radiation and combinations with other therapies is now being tried.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Regulation of glucose metabolism by adenine nucleotides in round spermatids from rat testes.

Regulation of glucose metabolism in glycolysis by round spermatids was studied. Assay of activities of 11 glycolytic enzymes in cell-free spermatid extracts showed that hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase had the lowest activities. When the cells were incubated with glucose (10 mM), the intracellular level of ATP fell rapidly and 5'-AMP increased. The ADP level remained unchanged. During incubation with glucose, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate were accumulated without any change in a mass action ratio of fructose bisphosphate aldolase. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase appeared to play a regulatory role in glycolysis. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was inhibited by the following compounds (Ki values in parentheses): adenosine (4.34 mM), 5'-AMP (3.50 mM), ADP (2.35 mM), ATP (5.34 mM), and 3',5'-cAMP (0.60 mM). In each case, the inhibition was competitive with NAD (Km = 0.20 mM). The 2'-hydroxy group of the adenine-linked ribose moiety was essential for binding. The compounds adenine, 2'-deoxyadenosine, 2'-AMP, 3'-AMP, CTP, GTP, UTP, and NADP showed little inhibition. These findings suggest that regulation of glycolysis in round spermatids by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is most likely and that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is inhibited by the adenine nucleotides, particularly by 5'-AMP and ADP as inhibitors competitive with NAD.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1982

Inhibition by palmitoyl CoA of dynein ATPase from sea urchin spermatozoa.

ATPase of 14S dynein, extracted from spermatozoa of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, and partially purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, was inhibited non-competitively by palmitoyl CoA at concentrations higher than 20 microns, and was stimulated at concentrations between 2 microns and 10 microns. The effects of palmitoyl CoA on dynein ATPase were reversed by bovine serum albumin (1 mg/ml) and spermine (0.1 and 1 mM). Myristoyl CoA exerted effects similar to those of palmitoyl CoA. Short chain fatty acyl CoAs, such as butyryl CoA, propionyl CoA and acetyl CoA, CoA, Na-palmitate, Na-myristate, and palmitoyl carnitine had hardly any effect on dynein ATPase. Palmitoyl CoA failed to inhibit purified CF1 ATPase from chloroplasts of spinach, ATPase of rat liver mitochondria and alkaline phosphatase from calf intestine.

Acyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1982

New anthracycline antibiotics, auramycins and sulfurmycins. II. Isolation and characterization of 10 minor components (C approximately G).

Following the discovery of new anthracycline antibiotics, auramycins A and B and sulfurmycins A and B, we found 10 minor analogues of auramycins and sulfurmycins, C, D, E, F and G, from the culture broth of a mutant strain of Streptomyces galilaeus OBB-111 and prepared 2 analogues as the chemical derivatives from auramycin G and sulfurmycin G. All analogues have a sugar moiety at C-7 position of the aglycones. These analogues exhibit activities against Gram-positive bacteria and P388 leukemia.

Anthracenes↗