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Biomedical subjects

A G Chuchalin

Publications and source records attributed to A G Chuchalin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Effects of liposomes of different phospholipid composition on the induction of respiratory burst in human blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages.

Liposomes made from phosphatidylcholine (PC) or PC-fatty acid ester mixtures have been shown to induce an activation of the respiratory burst in human blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages (AM). Incorporation of 1,2-diacylglycerol or arachidonic acid into PC liposomes significantly enhanced the effect. In the case of AM, the effect of PC liposomes was similar to those of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and the ionophore A 23187, while in monocytes, PMA and A 23187 induced a stronger respiratory burst than PC liposomes. In the presence of PMA, higher liposomal concentrations were required to produce the maximum activation of the respiratory burst in both types of cells.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed2001

[Respiratory sleep disorders in patients with congestive heart failure].

AIM: To examine respiration in sleeping patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Night cardiorespiratory monitoring was made in 30 CHF patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), arterial hypertension and dilated cardiomyopathy. The control group consisted of 16 patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea (OSAH) free of CHF. RESULTS: Respiratory sleep disorders were registered in all the examinees. Moderate and severe OSAH occurred more often. CHF patients vs controls had shorter inhalation, expiration, overall duration of the respiratory cycle, higher rate of the respiratory movements. With aggravation of the respiratory disorders in sleeping CHF patients, minute ventilation, respiratory volume and mean inspiratory flow arose. In severe OSAH there was low functional residual lung capacity and high intraalveolar volume in end expiration positive pressure. The above changes may cause fatigue and weakness of the respiratory muscles and alter intracardiac hemodynamics. CONCLUSION: For CHF patients it is recommended to perform CPAP-therapy in sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Effectiveness of antiinflammatory therapy in patients with interstitial lung diseases using re-assay of biomarker mucin 3EG5].

AIM: To investigate a potential of a new marker of activity of interstitial pulmonary diseases (IPD)--mucin 3EG5--in monitoring of effectiveness of the antiinflammatory therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum mucin antigen 3EG5 (glycolyl-sialylated glycoprotein) was assessed with sandwich immunoassay constructed using a monoclonal antibody 3E1.2 (Medical Innovations, Australia) and affinity-purified polyclonal antibody G5 (Xema, Russia) against total mucin antigen family. The level of serum 3EG5 was studied in 16 IPD patients (9 had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 7--chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis) before and after 6 months of immunosuppressive therapy. By changes in pulmonary function tests during 6 months of steroid treatment all the patients were divided into two groups: responders (a 15% increase in FVC, 20% increase in DLCO and reduction in the PA-aO2 of 5 mm Hg) and nonresponders (worsening or insignificant changes in these indices). RESULTS: In responders (n = 7) after treatment serum levels of 3EG5 fell from 230 +/- 97 to 88 +/- 40 units/ml (p < 0.01). In nonresponders serum 3EG5 was not different before and after therapy: 249 +/- 153 and 247 +/- 170 units/m, although in this group two patients with unchanged lung function showed a significant decrease in 3EG5, so the accuracy of changes in serum 3EG5 to reflect response to therapy was 88%. There was a significant difference between the posttreatment levels of 3EG5 of the two groups of patients (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Successive measurements of serum mucin 3EG5 may be used for monitoring of the response to immunosuppressive therapy in IPD patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Montelukast versus salmeterol in patients with asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Montelukast/Salmeterol Exercise Study Group.

BACKGROUND: Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, and salmeterol, a long-acting beta(2)-receptor agonist, each have demonstrated benefits in the treatment of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in short-term studies. Direct comparisons between these agents in long-term studies are limited. OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare montelukast and salmeterol in the long-term treatment of EIB. METHODS: One hundred ninety-seven patients with mild asthma and a postexercise fall in FEV(1) of at least 18% were randomized (double-blind) to receive montelukast 10 mg once daily or salmeterol 50 microg twice daily for 8 weeks. Exercise challenge was repeated at day 3, week 4, and week 8 after randomization near the end of the dosing interval for both drugs. The primary efficacy endpoint was the maximal percent fall in postexercise FEV(1) at week 8. RESULTS: Montelukast was effective in treating EIB without inducing tolerance and provided superior (P </=.001) protection than salmeterol at weeks 4 and 8, with comparable protection at day 3. The frequency of respiratory clinical adverse events (P =.046) and discontinuations because of clinical adverse events (P =.052) were less with montelukast. CONCLUSION: The effect of montelukast was greater than that of salmeterol in the chronic treatment of EIB over a period of 8 weeks in patients with mild asthma as demonstrated by effect size, maintenance of effect, and fewer respiratory clinical adverse events during the study period. Montelukast may be a better alternative to salmeterol as a controller agent for the chronic treatment of EIB.

Acetates↗
PubMed1999

[Concentration of heavy elements and their compounds in the cells from BALF and pulmonary tumors in radiation-exposed subjects].

AIM: Measurement of heavy elements in alveolar macrophages (AM) of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and pulmonary tumor tissue (PTT); investigation of spacial distribution of the heavy particles in the tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laser mass-spectrometry estimated quantitative and qualitative characteristics of heavy elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zr, etc.) in diagnostic and therapeutic BAL of 6 patients exposed to radiation after the Chernobyl accident and in pulmonary tumor tissue of patients operated for central small-cell and peripheral bronchoalveolar cancer who also had been exposed to radiation after the Chernobyl. RESULTS: Heavy elements concentration in the secondary BAL was less than in the primary one. This shows effectiveness of the procedures aimed at removal of heavy particles from the respiratory organs. Heavy elements content was quite different in two histologically different tumors. CONCLUSION: Laser mass-spectrometry proved its usefulness in simultaneous study of the quantity and quality of heavy elements in AM of BAL and tumors in radiation-exposed subjects, in investigation of the elements distribution in the pulmonary tissues and changes of elements composition in the tissues in the course of tumors development.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1998

[Effectiveness of the new carbapenem antibiotic, meropenem, in adult patients with mucoviscidosis].

Clinical efficacy of meropenem (meronem, Zeneca), a new carbapenem, was studied in the treatment of 4 adult patients with mucoviscidosis. The drug was administered as intravenous infusions 3 times a day in a daily dose of 60 mg/kg body weight for 10 days. A positive clinical effect was observed in 3 patients and in 1 patient stabilization of the clinical state was recorded. A significant decrease in the titre of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies in 2 patients and that of the P. aeruginosa mucosa colonies in 3 patients was bacteriologically confirmed. Good tolerance and no side effects of meropenem in the doses used were stated. The study showed that meropenem may be recommended for the treatment of adult patients with mucoviscidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[The cardiological manifestations of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Clinical cases].

Two cases of sick sinus syndrome with asystole in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are reported. Management of such patients using CPAP therapy is detailed. The apnea symptoms and somnological history are important in evaluation of the condition of patients with sleep cardiac arrhythmia especially in patients with day sleepiness, night snore and obesity.

Adult↗