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Biomedical subjects

A G Chuchalin

Publications and source records attributed to A G Chuchalin.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Lungs exposed to nuclear catastrophe: one-year therapeutic programme in Chernobyl liquidators group.

The high prevalence of chronic respiratory problems in cleaning technicians (so-called "liquidators") of the destroyed reactor at Chernobyl and prolonged persistence of inhaled radioactive particles in their lungs suggested a substantial link between radioactive exposure and the diseases observed. Taking into account the importance of the problem, we started this study with the aim of establishing an effective and useful therapeutic program and assessing its efficacy during a one-year period of treatment. Chernobyl liquidators (n = 20) were screened by clinical history, physical examination, lung function test, chest radiograph, electrocardiogram, complete blood cell counts, serum chemistry, immunological blood tests, and complete BAL fluid investigation. One group of the patients (n = 10) underwent a special one-year treatment including polyvitamins, N-acetylcysteine, and therapeutic BAL every 3 months. The technique of therapeutic BAL has proven to be a promising and effective tool in the treatment of lung diseases induced by inhalation of radioactive particles.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Use of electrical impedance tomography in detection of latent diseases during mass screening].

The paper deals with the use of the present-day highly effective method of introscopy electric impedance tomography (EIT) for diagnosis latent abnormalities during mass screening. EIT images viscera and tissues on the basis of their electric conductivity differences. Reconstruction of the images reflecting the distribution of electric conductivity values in the body is made from the recording potentials onto the body's surface while passing currents through the electrodes located along the circumference of the body's part under study. The 16-electrode EIT system developed by Dipol (Moscow) was used to examine the distribution of electric conductivity values in the extremities and chest organs in healthy volunteers of both sexes and in patients with various pulmonary diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Electrical impedance tomography in pulmonology].

Application of a modern method of introscopy--electroimpedance tomography (EIT) for diagnosis of different types of lung diseases is described. The EIT system including measurement and collecting data devices, 16-electrodes array and IBM PC 486 computer was used. The results of analysis of electrotomograms have demonstrated that the EIT-system can be introduced for detecting abnormal lung fluid levels, pulmonary edema, diagnosis of lung cancer, emphysema, pleuritis, hydrothorax, sarcoidosis. The method provides high sensitivity to the changes in the body physiological state. Other advantages are: safety, fast measurements, ease of equipment transportation and maintenance, low cost.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The morphometric characteristics of the blood and sputum eosinophils in bronchial asthma patients].

The authors investigated principal morphometric parameters of peripheral blood and sputum eosinophils in 18 patients with moderate bronchial asthma receiving combined treatment, in healthy donors and BA patients treated for a long time with sodium cromoglycate (SC). In BA exacerbation there appeared eosinophils with large-size cells, cytoplasm and nucleus. The treatment resulted in a decrease in the cell and cytoplasm area, enlargement of the nucleus. SC cause morphometric alterations in eosinophils. The change in morphometric characteristics of the blood and sputum eosinophils, relationships between different cell characteristics in the course of treatment evidence for alterations of synthetic processes in the blood and sputum eosinophils, for replacement in cell the cell pool.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Effectiveness of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of hospital infections of the lower respiratory tract].

The efficacy of ciprofloxacin was studied in the treatment of 22 patients with hospital infection of the lower respiratory tract: 10 patients with nosocomial pneumonia, 8 with exacerbation of chronic obstructive bronchitis, 3 with exacerbation of mucoviscidosis and 1 with bronchiectasis. The drug was administered intravenously in a dose of 200 to 400 mg or orally in a dose of 500 to 750 mg twice a day for 6 to 21 days. The clinical and bacteriological efficacies of ciprofloxacin amounted to 90.9 and 86.4 per cent respectively. The treatment failed in 2 patients: 1 with pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and 1 with mucoviscidosis and persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ciprofloxacin was well tolerated. The side effects were observed in 2 patients and required no discontinuation of the drug use.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

[The economic expenses related to bronchial asthma morbidity].

Estimations of the cost of bronchial asthma treatment per 1 patient in Samara Province made up an annual average of 520 dollars and 531 dollars in 1993 and 1994, respectively. 70% of the expenditures were medical, 30% social. It is demonstrated that updated approaches to diagnosis and treatment of asthma unless the patients are noncompliant provided good results at reduced expenses. The economic-mathematical model is proposed basing on which one can predict prevalence of bronchial asthma, cost-effect treatment relations for 5 years to come. The model reflects both current and forthcoming trends in care for bronchial asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The effect of the Russian inhalant glucocorticosteroid budesonide on bronchial inflammation and hyperreactivity during the long-term treatment of bronchial asthma patients].

11 patients with severe bronchial asthma entered a randomized trial of glucocorticosteroid budesonide of Russian produce. Of them 6 patients received inhalations of budesonide (800 micrograms/day for 6 months), 5 control patients did not receive the drug. As shown by investigations of external respiration and bronchoalveolar lavage with estimation of cytogram, metacholine provocative tests, fiber bronchoscopy, budesonide inhalations relieved clinical symptoms of asthma, bronchial hyperreactivity and inflammation.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1996

[The correlational analysis assessment of exacerbation in bronchial asthma and treatment efficacy].

Blood and sputum eosinophils, eosinophilic cation protein (ECP) in the serum and OPV1 were measured in 30 patients with atopic bronchial asthma (BA) of moderate severity showing eosinophilia at the beginning and the end of treatment week 1 and 4, respectively. In exacerbation of BA relative number of blood eosinophils averaged 10.4 + -1.4%, sputum 35.2 + -5.6%. Serum concentration of ECP, OPV1, IgE averaged 42.6% + -11.9%, 66.8 + -6.3%, 753.7 + -114 IU/ml, respectively. In exacerbation a strong correlation is noted between relative number of eosinophils in the blood and sputum, between the levels of IgE and ECP. At the end of the treatment OPV1 was higher while ECP level in the serum went down. Reduced eosinophilia in the blood and sputum correlated with OPV1 increment. In BA patients with high blood and sputum eosinophilia function of the lungs depends on eosinophilic number, while in normalization of blood eosinophil concentration and in a sharp fall of sputum eosinophil number OPV1 changes correlation with changes in ECP in the course of treatment. A close correlation between changes in eosinophil count, FVD indices, IgE and ECP levels during the treatment indicate relief of inflammation in BA patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[An attempt to use ofloxacin in patients with mucoviscidosis].

The literature data and the data of the authors on the pathogenesis and pathogenetic and etiotropic therapy of mucoviscidosis are presented. The use of ofloxacin as an antibacterial agent in the complex treatment of mucoviscidosis is considered expedient. The drug was administered intravenously in a dose of 400 mg twice a day for 5 days followed by the oral use of the drug in the form of tablets according to the same scheme. The microbiological investigation of the sputum specimens revealed diagnostically significant titers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp. The isolates except for one case (Ps.aeruginosa) were susceptible to ofloxacin. The treatment with ofloxacin in accordance with the above scheme resulted in a rapid improvement of the patient state: the intoxication lowered, the expectoration and the sputum viscosity decreased, the body temperature normalized by the 5th day. The drug tolerance after the intravenous and enteral administration was good. The intravenous injections of ofloxacin induced a 1.5-fold increase in the intensity of the neutrophil oxygen burst. After the drug enteral administration there was observed a 2-fold increase the intensity of the neutrophil oxygen burst.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

[The effect of the education of bronchial asthma patients on the course of the disease].

In spite of great progress in antiasthmatic therapy, bronchial asthma affects more and more people. More and more patients die of this disease. The authors hold that one of the reasons of incomplete response to BA treatment is unsatisfactory compliance of the patients. To understand their disease and doctor's efforts better, the patients need detailed knowledge of their disease. Now, a great choice of educational programs for asthmatics are available. These vary in the scope of information, form (lecture, seminar, video film, guide, etc.), are intended for groups and individual study. The assessment of the efficacy of such programs show that they are able to reduce the number of hospitalizations, critical episodes, exacerbations. Educational programs are now actively lectured to asthmatics in the Research Institute of Pulmonology and Pediatric Medical Institute in Moscow.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Treatment of patients with pneumonia, chronic obstructive bronchitis and mucoviscidosis with cefpirome].

Twenty two patients with inflammatory respiratory tract infection were treated with cefpirome. Among the patients 14 were with severe pneumonia, 4 with exacerbated obstructive chronic purulent bronchitis and 4 with mucoviscidosis. All the patients were subjected to clinical, laboratory and x-ray examinations, electrocardiography, estimation of the external respiration and sputum bacteriological tests. The cefpirome susceptibility was determined by the agar diffusion assay with standard disks from Roussel Uclaf. Cefpirome was administered by slow intravenous infusion in a daily dose of 2 to 4 g every 12 hours depending on the disease severity. After 2 or 3 days of the patient afebrile temperature and normal differential blood count the therapy was discontinued. The favourable time course of the disease was recorded in 12 out of the 14 patients with pneumonia. Recovery and clinical improvement were stated in 64.3 and 21.4 per cent of the cases respectively. In 2 patients the treatment failed. In all the patients with exacerbated severe chronic purulent bronchitis the cefpirome therapy resulted in the disease remission. The clinical effect of the mucoviscidosis treatment was observed in 3 out of the 4 patients. The drug tolerance in the doses used was good.

Adolescent↗