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Biomedical subjects

A G Chuchalin

Publications and source records attributed to A G Chuchalin.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The delayed respiratory consequences of inhaled radionuclides in population exposed to nuclear catastrophe.

Cytological analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and x-ray energy dispersive spectrometry of intercellular compounds were evaluated in 19 workers ("liquidators") commissioned to clean and contain the nuclear waste after the Chernobyl catastrophe in comparison with ten control subjects. Results showed a significant increase of neutrophils, small monocyte-like alveolar macrophages (AM) and AM with large black cytoplasmic inclusions. In addition, such mineral elements as Zr, Ce, Pr, Sm, Pa, PU and Cs were detected in AM phagosomes in liquidators. These elements were reported as markers of Chernobyl-type nuclear fuel. It is recognized that BAL gives access to particulate matter present in lung parenchyma. Thus, spectrometric analysis of AM inclusions can provide reliable information about the exposure to inhaled radionuclides seven years after the catastrophe.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

[Kombipek in the therapy of patients with broncho-obstructive lung diseases].

Bronchodilator combipek of Russian produce was tested in 43 patients with bronchial asthma of various severity. Combipek contains 200 mg of theophylline and 8 mg of salbutamol. Pharmacokinetics of the drug was evaluated after a single administration and upon obtaining equilibrium concentration. Functional and clinical evidence showed a prolonged effect and safety of the drug in long-term treatment of bronchial asthma. Adverse effects emerged in 13 (30.2%) patients. They were typical for theophylline and beta 2-adrenostimulators. Combipek is advocated as a treatment of choice in patients with nocturnal asphyxia, in those who can hardly tolerate large doses of theophylline and beta 2-adrenostimulators.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The morphological properties of the blood thrombocytes in bronchial asthma patients before and after thrombocytapheresis.

Morphological characteristics of platelets were assessed electron microscopically in 15 patients with atopic and aspirin bronchial asthma (BA) before and after thrombocytapheresis (TA). All the patients had a definite shift of platelet subpopulations to greater percentage of spherical forms as well as defects in cell ultrastructure. This makes evident platelet activation in patients with BA aggravation. TA entails a positive trend to normalization of platelet subpopulations and cytoskeleton. The ability to normalize platelet morphofunctional status determines its clinical effectiveness in bronchial asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[The role of phospholipase A2, 5-lipoxygenase, and cyclooxygenase in activation of human neutrophil "oxygen burst": the modulating effect of osmolality of the medium].

The roles of phospholipase A2, 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase in activation of "oxidative burst" in human neutrophils have been studied under isoosmotic (320 mOsM), hypoosmotic (200 mOsM) and hyperosmotic (420 mOsM) conditions. The oxidative burst induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore A23187 and opsonized zymosan was followed by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL). There were no differences in the concentration dependences of CL inhibition at 320 mOsM and 200 mOsM in the presence of the phospholipase A2 inhibitor, p-bromphenacylbromide. Contrariwise, at 420 mOsM the sensitivity to inhibition was decreased by PMA and A23187 but increased by opsonized zymosan. A change in the medium osmolality in the presence of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor quercetin did not result in the modification of the concentration dependence of CL inhibition induced by any of the activators. In the presence of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, meclofenamic acid, the "oxidative burst" induced by PMA and A23187 at 200 mOsM was manifested as a decrease of the sensitivity to inhibition, while at 420 mOsM this sensitivity was increased in comparison with that observed under isoosmotic conditions. The data obtained suggest that phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase play a role in the mechanism of the modulating effect of the medium osmolality on the "oxidative burst" in neutrophils, while 5-lipoxygenase is unimportant for this process.

Acetophenones↗
PubMed1993

Volume-dependent regulation of the respiratory burst of activated human neutrophils.

The effect of incubation medium osmolality on the respiratory burst of human neutrophils was studied using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) as an indicator of burst activity. Neutrophils were stimulated with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP), phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), the calcium ionophore A23187, thermoaggregated IgG (IgGn), and opsonized zymosan (OZ). It was shown that increasing the osmolality of the incubation medium from 320 up to 420 mosM decreased the A23187- and OZ-induced CL responses by 90%. Under the same conditions PMA-, FMLP- and IgGn-induced CL responses were decreased by 40-60%. A decrease of osmolality to 200 mosM resulted in a 2-3 fold decrease of the A23187-, PMA- and FMLP-induced CL and in a 60-80% increase of OZ- and IgGn-induced CL. It is suggested that osmolality-mediated alteration of cell volume is an important mechanism for regulating neutrophil activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of osmolarity of the medium on the chemiluminescence of human neutrophils].

The effect of osmolality of the incubation medium on the luminol-amplified chemiluminescence (CL) of human neutrophils stimulated by N-formyl-Met-Len-Phe (FMLP), phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore A-23187, thermoaggregated IgG (aggIgG) and opsonized zymosan has been studied. It has been shown that increase of osmolality from 320 up to 420 mosM decreased the A-23187--and opsonized zymosan-induced CL responses by 90%. Under the same conditions PMA-, FMLP- and aggIgG-induced CL responses were decreased by 40-60%. The decrease of the osmolality of incubation medium resulted in 2-3 fold decrease of the A-23187-, PMA- and FMLP-induced CL and in 60-80% increase of opsonized zymosan- and aggIgG-induced CL. It is assumed that osmolality-mediated alteration of cell volume is an important regulatory step in the process of neutrophils' activation.

Calcimycin↗
PubMed1992

[The role of computed spirometry in the epidemiological study of respiratory symptoms].

An epidemiological study was made of a random representative sample of men and women aged 25-64 years. There were 167 men and 306 women. In order to compare forced expiration in persons with different combinations of respiratory symptoms, potentialities of the use of the forced midexpiratory flow 25-75% together with the FEVC, FEV1, FEV1/FEVC were examined. Among the flow parameters, the forced midexpiratory flow has the least variability, which permits using it for diagnosis of obstructive disorders of lung ventilatory function. The studies revealed qualitative peculiarities in the changes of the spirography readings among men and women. As compared to the examinees without respiratory symptoms, men with cough and sputum manifested a decrease in the parameters characteristic of mixed changes in lung ventilatory function with the predominance of obstructive alterations in chronic bronchitis. The degree of obstructive disorders was higher than in women showing the analogous symptoms. As compared to the examinees without respiratory symptoms, women suffering from chronic bronchitis were marked by lower values of the volumetric parameters, without any signs of forced expiration deceleration.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1991

Serum levels of interleukin 4, interleukin 6 and interferon-gamma following in vivo isotype-specific activation of IgE synthesis in humans.

It is now generally accepted that interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 6 (IL6) and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) play main roles in the regulation of human IgE synthesis. This concept is based mainly on in vitro data. To obtain corresponding in vivo data, we determined IL4, IL6 and IFN gamma by immunoassays in sera collected from 4 atopic patients following a clinical trial of selective IgE apheresis (plasmaimmunoadsorption). This treatment removes several milligrams of IgE from patient's blood and is suggested to induce strong and isotype-specific activation of the IgE system. Serum IgE levels restored rapidly within 3-5 days after IgE apheresis. However, very low and constant levels of IL4 (from less than 50 to 130 pg/ml) and IL6 (from less than 300 to 920 pg/ml) were detected in the sera of the treated patients. Serum IFN gamma was absent before treatment (concentrations less than 0.5 U/ml) and increased to low but detectable levels (0.90 and 8.05 U/ml) on the day following the last IgE apheresis in 2 of 4 patients. In our opinion, the data presented argue against in vivo participation of IL4 and IL6 in the activation of the human IgE system, at least in atopic patients under constant allergen exposure.

Adult↗