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Biomedical subjects

A Guseo

Publications and source records attributed to A Guseo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

In vitro study on the immunological effect of bromelain and trypsin on mononuclear cells from humans.

BACKGROUND: Proteolytic enzymes such as bromelain and trypsin are used as an adjuvant therapeutic approach in the treatment of chronic inflammatory, malignant and autoimmune diseases. In vitro studies have shown that proteolytic enzymes modulate surface adhesion molecules on T-cells. In this study we analysed the influence of bromelain and trypsin on the cytokine production and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with a classical cellular mediated autoimmune disorder, namely encephalomyelitis disseminata (ED) as well as from healthy controls. - METHODS: PBMC from patients with ED (n=12) and healthy controls (n=12) were cultured for seven days at 37 degrees C under three different conditions: without antigen, with bromelain and with trypsin (final concentrations 10-1000 microg/ml). Proliferation was determined by superset3H-thymidine incorporation. Secretion of cytokines into the supernatant was measured by a double sandwich ELISA. Intracellular cytokines were determined by flow cytometric analysis. - RESULTS: PBMC from patients with ED and healthy controls showed a significantly increased proliferative response to bromelain (ED: 14053+/- 7585 cpm with bromelain vs. spontaneous proliferation of 430+/- 255 cpm; healthy controls: 10689+/- 4607 cpm vs. 327+/-193) but not to trypsin. Bromelain induced in all 24 individuals a significant increase of the macro-phage/monocyte associated cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) (p<0.01) as well as of the type 1 cytokine gamma-interferon (IFNgamma). In contrast, the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 were not induced. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a significant increase of IFNgamma-producing CD4+ T-cells. There were no differences in cytokine production between ED patients and healthy controls. - CONCLUSION: These results indicate that bromelain - but not trypsin - activates macrophages/monocytes and type 1 cells independently from the underlying disease and may stimulate, therefore, the innate as well as the adaptive immune system.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral hydrolytic enzymes in relapsing multiple sclerosis.

Oral administration of hydrolytic enzymes (HE), such as bromelain, trypsin and rutosid, may have beneficial effects on the clinical course of neurological symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (MS). This is supported by a complete protection by HE from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, an animal model related to MS. Three hundred and one patients with relapsing MS were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. No treatment effect between the placebo and the HE groups was found either for clinical or MRI parameters.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Analysis of immunoregulatory T-helper cell subsets in patients with multiple sclerosis: relapsing-progressive course correlates with enhanced T H1, relapsing-remitting course with enhanced T H0 reactivity.

In this study, we analysed the recall antigen-induced cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 31 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with a relapsing-remitting (rr) and a relapsing-progressive (rp) course and from 40 healthy controls. Cells were stimulated with purified protein derivative (PPD; type 1 response) and tetanus toxoid (TT; type 2 response). Cytokines were determined in the supernatants by ELISA. One of the interesting findings was that healthy controls showed more frequently an IL-5 production after incubation with TT than MS-patients (68% vs.37%; p<0.01), while the type 1 reactivity was only slightly enhanced in MS patients as compared to the controls. However, within the MS patients, there was a significant difference in the incidence of the type 1 reactivity comparing patients with an rp and an rr course (60% vs. 24%; p<0.05). Furthermore, the frequency of a type 0 profile (simultaneous PPD-induced IFN-gamma and TT-induced IL-5 production) was fourfold higher in rr than in the rp patients (43% vs. 10%, p<0.05). In vitro analysis of cytokine profiles in MS could therefore be an interesting approach to evaluate the prognosis of MS (rr vs. rp) already at the beginning of the disease. Thus, it seems that the presence of a type 0 profile is a valid indicator for a favorable course, while a type 1 profile is rather associated with rp MS.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Changes in the concept of multiple sclerosis].

The author summarizes the newest knowledge in the past 10 years that has changed our way of thinking as well as the treatment strategy of the still incurable Multiple Sclerosis. The sophisticated immunological methods have brought new insight into the inflammatory process of the central nervous system. The MR examinations and the newly developed techniques allow examining the dynamism of the disease and the underlying histological alterations. The testing of new drugs--which proved to be efficient--made it possible to follow more precisely not only the classification of the pathological process but the clinical history as well. The new drugs give the patients some hope and the doctors new tools. It enables of slow down the disease progression, so it can reduce the tissue damage caused by the inflammation and can improve the quality of life of the patient until new, more effective therapies are developed.

Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic↗
PubMed1991

Sclerosis multiplex in gypsies.

MS rarely occurs in gypsies in Hungary despite the high DR2 frequency. When it does occur, it has special features more resembling that of Asians than Central Europeans. In order to find correlation between the clinical observations and the immunogenetical data, the distribution of DQw1 subtypes was investigated by means of Eco RV - DQ beta RFLP in DR2 positive healthy gypsies and Hungarians, as well asin DR2-positive Hungarian and unselected gypsy MS patients. DQw6 correlated with MS susceptibility in Hungarians. This allotype was completely absent in healthy DR2-positive gypsies. DR2-positive gypsy MS patients, however, carried DQw6. No correlation of complement allotypes with the occurrence of MS was found in Hungarians, while a striking elevation of C4 Q0 occurred in gypsy MS patients compared with healthy individuals in the gypsy group. The absence of the DR2, DW2, DQw6 haplotype, and the frequency of C4A Q0 in healthy gypsies seems to be associated with the low MS prevalence, but genes outside this region might also influence the MS susceptibility.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

[Value of the Medicor CT 0100 equipment in a county hospital in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases].

Data of patients with CVD in the ward of the authors in the last quarters of 1986 and 1987 has been compared, in the second period they used a MEDICOR CT 0100 computer tomograph. The subsequent results are stressed: The rate of the patients with CVD in the Department of Neurology was approximately 40% in the studied period. 88-90% of all lethal cases has been covered by this patients's group. Half of the patients with CVD was between 50-70% years, however younger age was more common among men. The majority of CVD was ischaemic. In vivo diagnosis of intracerebral bleeding has been markedly increased after introduction of CT investigation. CT scan on the first three days is helpful to localise the source of the subarachnoideal bleeding, however can not replace the angiography in the cases indicated for operation. Investigations by angiography have decreased to the one third in the department without neurosurgery after introducing CT however their indication has been changed. In traumatic cases CT is more informative and more sparing. Diagnoses suggested by neurologists have been confirmed by the CT in 69%.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1986

Rapid determination of CSF lymphocyte subsets by labeled microspheres.

A new, easy and quick method for the quantification of CSF T lymphocyte subpopulations (T4, T8, Leu-7) is reported. The lymphocytes form visible rosettes with plastic spheres to which monoclonal antibodies to human T cell have been coupled. The rosettes can be enumerated by light microscopy. The method is similar to erythrocyte rosette (E-rosette) techniques. The Quantigen (BioRad) T4/T8 assay was used for control. However, the method can also be used for the demonstration and identification of CSF T cell subpopulations by transmission and scanning electron microscopy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Contribution to the background of Mollaret's meningitis.

An epidermoid cyst of the 3rd ventricle was verified by necropsy in a man of 60 with three episodes of Mollaret's aseptic leukocytic-endothelial meningitis. The authors accept the interpretation as macrophages of the "endothelial" cells. They bring forward evidence for the blastomatous nature of partly cornified epithelial cells present in their case. They suggest that cholesterin containing debris entering the subarachnoid space from the tumour cysts provoke an aseptic "chemical" meningitis of short course.

Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Imported lyssa in Hungary.

A 14 year old male lived for 5 years in Nigeria, 5 weeks after returning to Hungary he became ill and died within 3 days after a sudden cardiac arrest. Neuropathology revealed rabies. No contamination with animals or infected persons could be detected. The possibility of rabies related (Mokola) virus disease couldn't be excluded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Bilateral symmetrical softening of the thalamus.

The clinical and pathological data of a 48 year old patient who survived 40 days are reported. Her disturbance of consciousness corresponded to an apallic syndrome, which 12 days later bacame akinetic mutism. Symmetrical softening involving the medial thalamic nuclei from the plane of the corpora mamillaria to the red nuclei was found. The ischemic lesion might be explained by transient circulatory collapse combined with hypoplasia of the vertebrobasialr arteries. On the EEG slight irregular alpha activity was recorded (alpha coma) and external stimuli elicited theta-delta waves (paradox activation). A survey of the literature of akinetic mutism is included and the correlation between non-hypnoid unconsciousness and EEG is discussed.

Akinetic Mutism↗
PubMed1977

Classification of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. A review.

Comparative ultrastructural findings of meninges, ventricular ependyma and choroid plexus of mammals including man were summarized with the aim of a better understanding as to which cells can play a role as macrophages in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology. Differences between phagocytic capacity of pial cells and arachnoid cells were emphasized. Comparative investigations showed that most of the cells in the CSF originate from the blood. Scanning electron microscopy of the subarachnoid space and cytological investigation of the CSF gave the result that haematogenous cells belong to the normal cell population of the subarachnoid space of normal individuals. These cells in the CSF react as their equivalents in the blood, that is, after confrontation with antigens the monocytes transform into macrophages, sometimes into multinucleated giant cells, the T and B lymphocytes transform into blast cells. On the basis of immunological and ultrastructural results, the classification of CSF cells in normal and pathological conditions has been proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Analysis of clinical and electrophysiological findings in Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease.

Serial EEG and EMG investigations were performed in the course of a histologically verified case of Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease. Some electrophysiologic data, including visual-evoked responses were analyzed using a computer. Correlations between clinical and EEG findings suggest that the generator of the periodic discharges may be localized in some circumscribed area of the upper brain stem, probably the thalamus. The inhibitory effect of various narcotics suggests that the pacemaker of the triphasic discharges has relations to the nonspecific activating system.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Morphological signs as indications of function of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid.

It is suggested that a continual cell exchange exists between blood and the subarachnoid space. These cells can live for a shorter or longer time there and fulfil their function depending on local conditions. In addition to phagocytosis, morphological evidence of local cellular and humoral immunological reactions have been demonstrated and how far they concour with current views on the functional state of spinal fluid cells has been examined. Peripolesis and emperipolesis, transformation of lymphocytes as well as various cell processes, as signs of function, are illustrated by light transmission and scanning electron microscopy as well as by immunological methods in various inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system.

Blood-Brain Barrier↗
PubMed1976

Intermittent meningitic reaction with severe basophilia and eosinophilia in CNS leukaemia.

Light- and electron-microscope studies were performed on CSF cells from a patient with CNS leukaemia presenting with an intermittent meningitic reaction. Numerous fully matured basophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes with excess glycogen content accompained undifferentiated leukaemic blast cells in the CSF. Such a CSF cell reaction has not been previously reported. It is suggested that this isolated CSF reaction represents a special type of immediate hypersensitivity reaction triggered by an abnormal leukaemic giant cell clone, and mitigated by the accompanying eosinophilic granulocytes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

The significance of perivascular infiltrations in multiple sclerosis.

143 autopsy cases of multiple sclerosis (19 acute and 124 chronic cases) were analysed histologically for the extent of active demyelination and the degree of infiltration within and outside the demyelinating lesions and in the leptomeninges. The results were compared with the duration of the illness. Infiltrations were found in 60% of all cases but more often (74%) in those with active demyelination. Inflammatory lesions outside demyelinating foci were observed in 27% of the total, and in 80% of them active demyelination was present. Inflammatory lesions in the meninges were present in 41% of the total and in 80% of these were accompanied by active demyelination. The duration of illness correlated with decreasing severity of active demyelination and of perivascular infiltration. Patients treated with cortico-steroids and/or immunosuppressive substances showed no or only moderate inflammatory lesions. The duration of illness in both these groups was significantly longer than the average of untreated patients. The significance of these pathological findings for the CSF cytology in multiple sclerosis is discussed.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1975

Primary leptomeningeal sarcomatosis. Clinicopathological report of six cases.

6 autopsy cases of primary leptomeningeal sarcomatosis are presented as a distinct nosological entity with a variable clinical picture and morphology in 5 males and 1 female. The clinical course from onset of symptoms till death ran for only a few weeks in most cases. 2 infants showed brain tumor symptoms and signs. 2 patients of advanced age presented a polyradiculoneuritic syndrome and 2 young adults had spinal cord compression symptoms and a mixed clinical form. In almost all cases, clinical symptoms and signs were for most of the course confined to one part of the neuraxis. The CSF was distinctly abnormal in all cases, showing elevated protein, depressed glucose and pleocytosis of variable extent. CSF sediment was investigated in 3 cases in all of which malignant tumor cells were found so a diagnosis of malignant meningeal tumor was made during life. Electron microscopy of CSF cells in 1 case confirmed the primitive character of the tumor cells. Complete autopsies revealed absence of any neoplasm outside of the CNS. Gross meningeal involvement was visible in all cases. Histologically, 3 tumor types were distinguished: polymorphic cell sarcoma, an undifferentiated form, and fibrosarcomatosis. Clinical data are analyzed in order to distinguish the condition from other neoplasms or infectious, especially tuberculous meningeal infiltrations. CSF cytology studies are considered the most useful step in clinical diagnosis. Neuropathological features are reviewed with stress on differentiation from malignant lymphomas of the CNS, diffusely spreading medulloblastoma, meningeal melanoblastosis and gliomatosis. The origin of meningeal sarcomatosis cells is briefly discussed. The use of the term "meningeal meningiomatosis" for this condition is deprecated.

Adolescent↗