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Biomedical subjects

A H Ismail

Publications and source records attributed to A H Ismail.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Synthesis of 1,2-unsaturated pyranosylphosphonate nucleosides from 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glycal.

Ferrier rearrangement of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal (1) in the presence of triethylphosphite afforded the 2,3-unsaturated pyranose 2. Deacetylation and simultaneous migration of the double bond to 1,2-position in the sugar moiety was achieved by stirring in sodium ethoxide. Tosylation with one equivalent of tosyl chloride afforded 4. Nucleophile displacement of the tosylate of 4 with nucleobase in the presence of NaH/DMF followed by deprotection gave the desired 1,2-unsaturated pyranosylphosphonates 7a-c.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1989

Effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease risk in women with NIDDM.

The effect of a 4-month exercise program on measures of cardiovascular disease (CHD) risk was observed in women (mean age = 59.2 +/- 3.9 years) of postmenopausal years with NIDDM, who demonstrated fair to normal control of blood glucose control. The women were randomly assigned to either an exercise (n = 5) or control (n = 5) group. Initially, both groups had a similar body mass index, resting heart rate and blood pressures, blood glucose and hemoglobin A1. After 4 months, the exercise group demonstrated a 32% increase (P less than 0.03) in both absolute and relative maximum oxygen uptake (VO2) while the control group remained unchanged. Significant differences were found between the exercisers and non-exercisers for absolute (F(1,8) 4.94, P = 0.057) and relative (F(1,8) 7.67, P = 0.024) maximum VO2 from pretest to posttest. Body weight (kg) and body fat (%) remained unchanged for both groups. Although total cholesterol was found to be reduced by 13% for the exercise group (P less than 0.03) and 11% for the controls (P less than 0.01), a 15% decrease (P less than 0.03) in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was observed for the control group, only. Hence, a marked difference (P less than 0.03) in the risk ratio was observed between the exercise and control groups. These data suggest that physical exercise may play an important role in the maintenance of HDL mass and in the reduction of CHD risk factors in women of postmenopausal years with NIDDM.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Beta-endorphin and components of emotionality discriminate between physically active and sedentary men.

Differences between physically active and sedentary men were tested by profile comparison. The study identifies the relative importance of circulating beta-endorphin (BE), atherosclerotic disease risk (ADR) index, and selected components of emotionality in discriminating between physically active and sedentary men. The subjects were psychologically normal and medically healthy middle-aged men. Jogging activity was the subject classification criterion. The data were collected on selected physiological (treadmill), biochemical (blood collected from resting subjects), and psychological (Eysenck and MMPI) variables. The physical fitness score (PFS) was used as an index of fitness. Physically active men with a high PFS (n = 21), when compared to the sedentary men with a low PFS (n = 15), exhibited lower basal plasma BE, lower ADR, lower anxiety index (AI), and lower MMPI depression score (D). Canonical correlation analysis showed that PFS and BE in one set were correlated with D and neuroticism (NS) in another set of variables. Discriminant function analysis showed that the AI was the most powerful discriminator between the physically active and sedentary men, followed by BE and NS. Interestingly, BE and NS exhibited the same magnitude of discrimination power. The ADR exhibited less discrimination power, relative to AI, BE, and NS. In conclusion, the physically active men, compared to the sedentary men in this study, exhibited lower basal plasma BE, which appeared to be associated with less atherosclerotic disease risk, less neuroticism, less anxiety, and less depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and radiological features of pseudomyxoma peritonei.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei is due to diffuse involvement of the peritoneal cavity with mucinous material. Four patients were found in two major general hospitals in Riyadh. All patients were male. Cardinal clinical features were abdominal distension, pain and weight loss. Computed tomography was helpful preoperatively. Laparoscopy or laparotomy were performed to arrive at a correct diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Decreases in resting plasma beta-endorphin/-lipotropin after endurance training.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate changes in the resting plasma beta-endorphin/-lipotropin (beta E/beta-LPH) concentration that may occur with exercise training. A treatment group (N = 10) of previously sedentary, psychologically normal, and medically healthy middle-aged men trained for 4 months in a structured fitness program. The treatment group was compared with two age-matched groups: a jogger group (N = 10) and a sedentary group (N = 10). Venous blood was collected in the early morning after the subjects had been fasting for at least 12 h. The subjects were also resting at the time of blood collection. Resting plasma beta E/beta-LPH (measured by radioimmunoassay) decreased (P less than 0.05) following the 4 months of exercise training in the treatment group, from 11.01 +/- 1.62 (SE) to 7.22 +/- 0.99 pmol.1-1. The jogger and sedentary groups demonstrated no changes in the resting plasma beta E/beta-LPH concentration following the 4 months. Aerobic fitness, measured by the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), increased (P less than 0.01) from 36.56 +/- 2.58 (SE) to 44.85 +/- 1.34 ml.kg-1.min-1 in the treatment group after the 4 months of training. There were no changes in VO2max for either the jogger group or the sedentary group following the 4 months. In conclusion, beta E/beta-LPH in the plasma of resting middle-aged men appeared to be decreased after 4 months of aerobic training.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Tumoral calcinosis: case reports from Saudi Arabia with a review of the literature.

Tumoral calcinosis is a rare disease mainly reported among blacks, especially from the tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa. Hitherto, no reports of this disease entity have been reported from North Africa and the Arab Peninsula. This paper is therefore the first documentation of tumoral calcinosis in nine patients from the Arabian Peninsula; seven of whom are Saudis and two Yemenis. Peculiar osseous and joint changes co-existed in one of the cases. Moreover, there was a high incidence in the feet, in 75% of cases. One of the lesions was quite extensive. Reason for these changes are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Structural changes of the diaphragmatic peritoneum in patients with schistosomal hepatic fibrosis: its relation to ascites.

The histopathologic changes of the peritoneum of the hemidiaphragm were studied in 30 patients with schistosomal liver disease and compared with ten control subjects. The diaphragmatic peritoneum of patients with ascites was markedly thickened with infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen bundles resembling the interstitial changes of peripheral lymphedema. Obliteration of diaphragmatic lymphatic stomata with restricted lymph flow as well as excess lymph formation from portal hypertension are both major factors in the magnitude and intractability of ascites associated with schistosomal hepatic fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Serum lipids: interactions between age and moderate intensity exercise.

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between age and selected serum lipids and lipoproteins in women before and after a physical fitness programme. Twenty females 27-59 years of age who had participated in the Purdue University Physical Fitness Programme were selected and placed into one of two groups: "junior" (mean age 34, all under 40 yrs) or "senior" (mean age 50, all over 43). A two way factorial design was used to study differences in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and the risk ratios TC/HDLC and LDLC/HDLC associated with physical fitness and the eight month physical fitness programme. The ability of the biochemical variables to discriminate between the age groups was investigated using discriminant function analyses. The analyses of variance indicated that although the two age groups were matched on the basis of a multivariate physical fitness score (Ismail et al, 1965) the older group was heavier (p less than 0.05), and had higher systolic and pulse pressures (p less than 0.05). Both groups increased their physical fitness score from pre to post programme (p less than 0.01). No significant age related biochemical differences were noted in the univariate analyses; however, in the discriminant function analyses the biochemical variables significantly discriminated between the two groups before, but not after the programme. A decrease in serum triglycerides was observed in the more highly fit women in each age group. These findings suggest that moderate levels of physical activity may help to counteract some of the undesirable changes in the lipid profile associated with age.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Influence of catecholamine activity on the hierarchical relationships among physical fitness condition and selected personality characteristics.

Tested male Ss (N = 34) to determine how changes in the urinary excretion patterns of selected catecholamines and their metabolites affect the multivariate relationships involving variables that measure physical fitness condition and selected personality characteristics. Urine specimens were collected from each S after sleep and during occupational activities and analyzed for six catecholamine-related variables. Those measures were combined with six personality variables (MMPI) and a physical fitness score (Ismail Criterion), and subjected to first- and second-order factor analyses. The findings indicated an association between low physical fitness and high self-reported anxious depression during the occupational period, but not at rest. The changes in the factor structures were statistically mediated by changes in the concentrations of the biochemical variables across the collection periods. This suggests that the relationships between physical fitness and personality are augmented during catecholamine reactivity to occupational stress.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Depression as a powerful discriminator between physically active and sedentary middle-aged men.

This study identifies the relative importance of psychological dimensions that discriminate between habitually physically active and sedentary men. The data support the notion that physical activity has psychological benefits. Subjects (N = 22) were normal, medically healthy middle-aged men (40-60 years of age). Data were collected on selected physiological (treadmill) and psychological (MMPI) variables and replicated within four months. The Student's t-test and discriminant function analysis were used in the statistical analysis. Physically active men (n = 11) have lower depression (scale 2) and lower social introversion (scale 10) than the sedentary men (n = 11). The physically active men may exhibit MMPI scale differences in 'neurotic' tendencies from the sedentary men, but there is no apparent difference in scales suggestive of 'psychotic' tendencies. Depression (scale 2) is the most powerful discriminator between physically active and sedentary men, followed by hysteria (scale 3) and social introversion (scale 10). In conclusion, our data identify depression as the most important MMPI scale that discriminates between physically active and sedentary men.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Intellectual differences of adult men related to age and physical fitness before and after an exercise program.

Fluid and crystalized intelligence differences among high-fit, young; high-fit, old; low-fit, young, and low-fit, old groups were investigated before and after an exercise program. The high-fit group had higher fluid intelligence than the low-fit group. Likewise, the young group scored higher than the old group. The four groups scored higher at the posttest on two of the fluid intelligence subtests of the Cattell Culture. Fair Intelligence Test. No differences were observed on crystallized intelligence. It is uncertain how biological factors and psychological changes, either individually or in combination, produce differences in cognitive functioning due to physical fitness.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of a four-month physical fitness program on a young and an old group matched for physical fitness.

A young (X = 36.8 years) and an old (X = 52.9 years) group (n = 12) matched for physical fitness performed a graded exercise test at the beginning and after a 4-month physical fitness program consisting of calisthenics, jogging, and recreational activities. The purpose of the study was to determine if there were any differences in response to physical training in the two age groups of similar fitness. Sixteen physiological and four biochemical variables were measured. There was no significant difference in VO2 max between the young and old groups. Also, there were no significant differences between groups for serum total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, or glucose levels. The effects of the training program were similar for both the young and old groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Prediction of serum testosterone before and after an exercise program using physiological and personality variables.

This study investigated the relationships between serum testosterone level and selected physiological and personality variables in 58 males (21-61 years) before and after a four month physical fitness program consisting of jogging, calisthenics, and recreational activities. Physical fitness scores were obtained for each subject using a regression equation. Serum testosterone was determined using a radioimmunoassay technique. The multiple correlation was used to determine the relationship between serum testosterone and 19 independent variables consisting of age, height, and weight, and percent lean body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, ten factors from the Cattell 16 PF and the three scales of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. A stepwise linear regression was used to identify the predictive power of each of the independent variables. The subjects improved significantly in physical fitness (p < 0.01). The multiple correlations both at the pre-test (R=0.77; R2=0.59) and post-test (R=0.67; R2=0.46) were significant at the 0.01 level. Neuroticism, factors dealing with emotional stability, aggression, and intelligence were powerful predictors initially. Similar results were obtained at the post-test except for the addition of percent lean as a powerful predictor and the absence of factors dealing with intelligence and aggression. The emergence of percent lean was seen to reflect changes in body composition associated with testosterone secretion. The absence of aggression at the post-test was interpreted in light of free catecholamine excretion associated with habitual exercise.

Adult↗