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Biomedical subjects

A H Ismail

Publications and source records attributed to A H Ismail.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Serum insulin and glucose response to graded exercise in adults. Part I: the influence of fitness status.

The effect of acute exercise upon serum immunoreactive insulin levels (IRI) and serum glucose concentrations (GC) was studied in groups of middle-aged men of contrasting physical fitness status. Two groups of subjects, one active and one sedentary (both N = 11, mean age 44 years), performed a graded cycle ergometer exercise test in the post-absorptive state. Venous blood samples were taken at rest, during low and high work intensities, and after recovery. The response of serum IRI to exercise was similar in both groups of subjects with significant increases observed during exercise followed by a return to resting values during recovery. However, the magnitude of serum IRI response was lower in the active group. In contrast, the sedentary group demonstrated little or no change in serum GC during exercise, whereas significant increases in serum GC were observed during exercise in the active group.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Serum insulin and glucose response to graded exercise in adults. Part II. The effect of exercise conditioning.

The effect of conditioning to severe exercise upon serum immunoreactive insulin levels (IRI) and serum glucose concentrations (GC) was studied in active and sedentary groups of middle-aged men. The responses of serum IRI and serum GC were determined during graded cycle ergometer exercise which required similar low and high relative work intensities, before (pre) and after (post) a four month physical fitness programme. Both groups demonstrated a marked decline in serum IRI during high intensity exercise from pre to post tests, and a tendency to maintain serum, GC (sedentary group) or elevate serum GC (active group) during exercise, following the conditioning programme. The data provides evidence of a bi-directional response of serum IRI and serum GC to graded exercise, with only minor modifications in the response patterns resulting from exercise conditioning.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1978

Multivariate interrelationships of selected physiological and biochemical variables associated with physical fitness status.

The interrelationships between selected physiological, metabolic and hormonal variables were investigated in active and sedentary middle-aged males during consecutive periods of rest, graded exercise on a bicycle ergometer, and recovery. Venous blood samples were drawn during each phase of the activity which was performed in the post-absorptive state. Data were analysed using correlational and factorial analysis techniques, and further evaluated by discriminant function procedures. Significant correlational relationships were evident among physiological, metabolic and hormonal variables, and factor analysis identified four factors at each phase of activity which accounted for as much as 69% of the common extracted variance. These factors described physiological function and hormone-metabolite behaviour during each phase of activity. Discriminant function allowed fitness classification of subjects using only the hormone-metabolite data, thus identifying specific biochemical correlates of the fitness groupings which had been established by physiological criteria alone.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1977

Effects of exercise on free serum cholesterol.

Two age groups (young and old, n = 12) matched for physical fitness and two physical fitness groups (high and old, n = 12) matched for age participated in a four month physical fitness programme. Blood samples were drawn at four stages of metabolic stress at the pre-test and five stages at the post-test. The blood samples were analyzed by colorimetric methods for total cholesterol and free cholesterol. Statistical analysis revealed that: (1) Short-term exercise increased total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and the percent free cholesterol from the resting state to the submaximal and maximal exercise states. (2) There was no change in free serum cholesterol from the pre- to post-tests. (3) The high-fit group, compared with the low-fit group, had a lower free cholesterol level but had similar percent free cholesterol values. (4) There was no significant difference between age groups for either total serum cholesterol, free cholesterol, or the percent free cholesterol levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Influence of physical fitness on second- and third-order personality factors using orthogonal and oblique rotations.

The study investigated the relationship between physical fitness and personality variables at second- and third-order factor-analytic structures. Further, the stability of the factor structures at pre- and post-physical fitness program tests was examined by orthogonal and oblique rotations. Physical fitness and personality data were collected on 56 middle-aged males. The fitness and personality variables were factor analyzed and rotated orthogonally and obliquely by the principal axis form of solution. As a result, five second-order factors were extracted, both initially and finally. Factor scores were estimated for each S on each of the second-order factors, and data were factor analyzed to extract the third-order factors. The second-order factors closely resembled Cattell's factors, but subtle differences were found to exist between initial and final factor structures that may have been due to the influence of the fitness program. Two third-order factors were extracted initially and three finally when the factor scores were rotated orthogonally and obliquely, and physical fitness was associated with two of these hierarchical factors both initially and finally. The hierarchical factor structures appeared to be comparable to the scales of Eysenck. On the basis of the present findings it was concluded that the problem of rotation was not of importance and scientifically uninteresting and that the hierarchical factor solutions were highly stable. Further, it appears that the hierarchical levels of personality are manifested in two syndromes confounded by "traits" and "states" of personality. These two syndromes are Introversion vs. Extraversion and Neuroticism vs. Stability. The extraction of additional factors, such as Low Superego Strength vs. High Superego Strength, as in this study, is completely dependent upon the treatment or conditions superimposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effect of prolonged exercise of serum testosterone levels in adult men.

The purpose of the study was to: 1) identify the differences in serum testosterone levels among four groups of adult men differentiated on the basis of physical fitness and age, and 2) determine the effect of a four-month physical fitness programme consisting of running, calisthenics and recreational activities on the serum testosterone levels of the four groups. The groups were designated: high-fit, young aged about 32 (n = 7); high-fit, old aged about 52 (n = 7); low-fit, young (n = 7), and low-fit, old (n = 7). The subjects were selected and grouped according to physical fitness scores obtained using the regression equation of Ismail et al. Serum testosterone was determined by a radioimmunoassay method. The pre-test ANOVA revealed that the high-fit groups had a significantly (p less than .01) higher testosterone level (754.29 ng/100 ml) than the low-fit groups (548.07 ng/100 ml) and the high-fit, young group (925.01 ng/100 ml) was significantly (p less than .01) higher than the other three groups. Post-test values were adjusted using pre-test testosterone values as covariates. No significant differences among the groups were found indicating that the serum testosterone levels were the same regardless of different ages and fitness levels. The findings were discussed in light of physiological, biochemical and psychological factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effect of physical fitness on the adrenocortical response to exercise stress.

Serum corticosteroid (S.C.) responses were compared in two groups of middle-aged male subjects, one sedentary, one active (both N = 11, mean age 44 years), who performed graded bicycle ergometer exercise before (pre) and after (post) a 4 month physical fitness program. Pre-training exercise involved low and high work intensities which required similar percentage of predicted Vo2 max for the sedentary and active groups. Post-training exercise at identical work loads which resulted in lower work intensities due to training effects, was followed by increased work loads demanding higher work intensities in order to accommodate for the increased work capacity of the respective groups. The sedentary group (pre) and the active group (post) showed significant elevations in S.C. during high intensity exercise and recovery. The active group had significantly lower S.C. during low and high intensity exercise and recovery (pre), and during rest and low intensity exercise (post). The sedentary group had significantly lower S.C. at identical work loads which resulted in a reduction of relative work intensity from pre to post-traing tests. Results suggest both fitness status and training effects in the adrenocortical response to exercise stress, although psychological factors may be involved.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1975

Variability of corticosteroid responses during exercise stress in active and sedentary middle-aged males.

Two groups of middle-aged male subjects (both N=11), one active (mean age 44.6 years) and one sedentary (mean age 43.7 years), undertook a graded exercise stress test on a bicycle ergometer in the post-absorptive state. Blood serum corticosteroid levels were measured at the following stages of metabolism; at rest, under conditions of submaximal and "maximal' exercise and during recovery. The active group showed no significant change in mean serum corticosteroid levels from resting values, during exercise and recovery. However the sedentary group displayed a significant increase in mean serum corticosteroid levels from a resting value of 5.81 plus or minus 0.41 mub-g/100 ml. (mean plus or minus S.E.) to 7.83 plus or minus 0.71 mug/100 ml. during "maximal' exercise (p smaller than 0.05), which was maintained throughout recovery 7.82 plus or minus 0.70 ug/100 ml (p smaller than 0.05). Futhermore the active group demonstrated significantly lower mean serum corticosteroid levels compared with the sedentary group under conditions of submaximal (p smaller than 0.05) and "maximal' (p smaller than 0.01) exercise and during recovery (p smaller than 0.01). It was concluded that the variability in the response patterns of serum corticosteroids during exercise stress in active and sedentary middle-aged males, reflected the physiological differences observed between the two groups of subjects.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗