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Biomedical subjects

A Hackl

Publications and source records attributed to A Hackl.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Influence of the topographic situation of the uterus upon the irradiation planning in case of carcinoma of the cervix].

The authors demonstrated by means of computed tomography that some problems are offered by the standardized method of primary radiotherapy in case of carcinomas of the cervix. Especially when a low-dose curietherapy is applied without dose monitor, a radiation exposure of bladder and rectum exceeding the tolerance limit or a underdosage in the target volume are possible due to variable positions of the uterus and different thicknesses of the uterus wall, above all in the region of the cervix. The rate of complications can also be increased by a false, eccentric position of the intra-uterine applicator if the latter does not follow the cervical canal. In nearly half of 61 patients with carcinomas of the cervix of stage I or III according to FIGO, computed tomography scanning showed a false position of the intra-uterine applicator probe. Besides the correction of the probe position, the problem can be solved by a dose reduction and use of shorter applicators or by a modified relation between brachytherapy and percutaneous therapy.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1981

[Treatment of Wilms' tumor (author's transl)].

Uniform treatment based on the therapeutic approach of the 1st and 2nd US National Wilms' Tumor Study was decided on in March 1976 by paediatricians, surgeons, urologists and radiotherapists in Austria. Wilms' tumour was diagnosed in 34 children between 1 january 1976 an 29 february 1980 (stage I: n = 11, stage II: n = 8, stage III: n = 8, stage IV: n = 7). Parents of two children refused treatments; both children have since died of metastases. Of the remaining 32 children 29 (90.6%) are alive, 10 for more than 4, 15 for more than 3 and 19 for more than 2 years after diagnosis. 21 children are without need of treatment. Three children have died, one due to postoperative complications, one due to haemorrhagic chickenpox, but free of tumour, and one after insufficient treatment. Two of the five children with a recurrence between 2 1/4 to 15 months after diagnosis had been treated inadequately in the initial phase. The tumour free survival rate in 74.2%. Two children with early occurring or recurrent lung metastases have survived for 53 1/2 and 54 months up to now.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Intracranial germinoma; typical CT appearances and radiation therapy (author's transl)].

The typical CT appearances of intracranial germinomas are described in three cases. These consist of an isodense or hyperdense tumour in the mid-line, originating from the pineal body or infundibulum, with marked increase in density on contrast enhancement. Periventricular tumour expansion in relation to the entire supratentorial ventricular system is characteristic. The rapid tumour regression after small doses of radiation is stressed and complete regression of the tumour, as seen on CT, is a sign of its radio-curability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Problems of Hodgkin's disease in childhood].

Many publications about treatment results of Hodgkin's disease in adults give a rather optimistic outlook. Our experience with the treatment results of 10 children between 1970 and 1980 is rather disappointing due to late side effects of the combined treatment modalities. These complications of therapy and guidelines form the management of various stages of Hodgkin's disease are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1981

[Radiotherapeutic results in case of malignant ovarian tumors with special consideration of stage Ia (author's transl)].

During the period between January 1956 and July 1974, 102 patients with malignant ovarian tumors were submitted to post-operative radiotherapy. In two cases only, a pre-operative radiotherapy was applied, too. In spite of the relatively small group of patients, the therapy results of 38 patients of stage Ia seem to be particularly remarkable. The five-year survival rate was 86.8% including the proliferative tumors. Considering these results together with the problems of the clinical classification of stage I according to FIGO, it seems reasonable to apply radiotherapy even in this stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Radiogenic fibrosarcomas (author's transl)].

Two radiogenic fibrosarcomas are presented. One of them appeared 22 years after a radiotherapy because of carcinoma of the body of the uterus. Criteria for the distinction between radiogenic sarcomas and secondary tumors are given and discussed. The authors present a diagram of all radiogenic fibrosarcomas after mastocarcinoma quoted in the literature of the world. This renders possible a comparison between applicated doses and latent periods.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Studies about the dose distribution in the marginal field regions (author's transl)].

The authors have examined in an experimental study what influence is exerted by the width of the boundary line between two adjacent fields and by the dose inhomogeneity on the suture points lying in the region of the target volume. The results of this study are presented and the influence exerted on the dose distribution by different diaphragm sizes is shown by means of longitudinal and cross sections. The conclusion for the practical application of radiotherapy is that there exists a possibility to obtain homogenous dose distributions also beyond the borders of the field.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1980

[Results of preoperative radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix (author's transl)].

The experience and results in preoperative radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix are reported. The results are compared with those from postoperative radiation treatment, and also with the results obtained by other authors. The experience accumulated during the last 20 years suggests preoperative radiation therapy as a method for improvement of the therapeutic results previously obtained.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1979

[Results of radiotherapy of gastrointestinal malignancies].

Irradiation offers only a palliative treatment for malignant tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Cancer of the rectum and rectosigmoid represents an exception; above all, preoperative irradiation improves a five year survival rate up to 15%. There is a better prognosis for non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphomas of the entire gastrointestinal tract.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

[Experiences with orthovoltage therapy in cancer of the breast (author's transl)].

After 22 years of sole orthovoltage therapy the results and experiences arrived at in the course of treatment are subjected to a final review. The results are compared to those of other authors, obtained with megavoltage therapy, and a critical analysis of the problems existing in the radiation therapy of cancer of the breast is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Optimized cross-section determination for treatment planning in radiation therapy (author's transl)].

A true scale cross-section of the body is an indispensable condition for the accuracy of treatment planning in radiation therapy. To this end, ultrasonic or computed tomography may be used. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. By summarization of cross-sections from all positions appropriate for treatment the most authentic body contours are obtained as an optimal basis for irradiation.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1976

[Results of radiotherapy of bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)].

In a joint retrospective study by 17 radiotherapy clinics in German-speaking countries the results of treatment of bronchial carcinoma after radiotherapy were analysed in 7503 cases. The age peak was between the 60th and 70th year. Squamous-cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type, followed by anaplastic carcinoma, with adenocarcinoma being rare. There was a high proportion of histologically not clearly identified cases (27% in central and 35% in peripheral carcinomas). Survival rate at one year was 31% for central (3662 patients) and peripheral (961 patients) tumours, but only 2% at five years. Prognostically there was no difference between histological types and kind of radiotherapy or technique, but total dose affected survival rate. At a total dose of less than 5000 rd the survival rate at five years was minimal. The prognosis of combined surgical and radiotherapeutic measures was slightly better than with a radiotherapy alone, but results were unpredictable for the individual case. It is concluded that radiotherapy aiming at cure should be used in imoperable bronchial carcinoma if the tumour state and general condition of the patient appear to make a cure possible. But if this is not the case, radiotherapy should be used only palliatively, i.e. only to ameliorate symptoms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

[Results of radiotherapy of malignant testicular neoplasms].

It is very difficult to compare the therapeutic results of malignant testicular tumours because of the different histological classification systems, the uncertainty in the definition of the different stages, the error rate of the lymphography which amounts up to 35%, and the multitude of surgical, radiation, and chemotherapeutic methods. A histological classification and an exact determination of the stage is required as a condition of beginning a radiotherapy. The desirable focal dose for seminomas is between 4000 and 5000 rad, the maximum dose for teratomas is 6000 rad. For the stages T1-3N0 the iliac and the paraaortic lymph nodes are irradiated, for the stages T1-4N1-2 the interpleural space andthe supraclavicular region are included. For a group of 91 patients there was reached a five-year survival rate of 85,5% in case of seminomas and of 64% in case of teratomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Improvement of focal dose determination in the small pelvis].

An easily applicable auxiliary method in order to register exactly the topographic relations on horizontal sections in the small pelvis is indicated. Only the body contour, pelvis pictures on two planes, diapositives with the corresponding pictures of the cross-section and a photographic enlarger are needed. A sagittal tomogram in the median plane, and for radium therapy the localization pictures on two planes are other helps.

Cervix Uteri↗