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Biomedical subjects

A Heimdahl

Publications and source records attributed to A Heimdahl.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Detection of anaerobic bacteria in blood cultures by lysis filtration.

An anaerobic adaptation of the lysis-filtration system for detection of anaerobic microorganisms in blood is described. The method was compared with a conventional broth bottle system in detection of anaerobic bacteremia after oral surgery. Of 43 blood samples obtained during and after surgery, 31 were positive with the lysis-filtration system and 17 were positive with the broth bottle system. Sixteen aerobic and 62 anaerobic strains were isolated with the lysis-filtration system versus 9 aerobic and 22 anaerobic strains with the broth bottles. The lysis-filtration technique was thus superior to the conventional broth bottle method in detecting anerobic bacteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Oral condition of patients with leukemia and severe aplastic anemia. Follow-up 1 year after bone marrow transplantation.

Twenty patients with leukemia and seven patients with severe aplastic anemia who had been treated with bone marrow transplantation were investigated 1 year after transplantation to assess their oral condition. Ten patients had mild clinical chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and three patients had moderate or severe GVHD. Histopathologic changes in the oral mucosa or the minor salivary glands were observed in nineteen patients. Clinical changes in the oral mucosa were observed in sixteen of those patients. Colonization with Candida albicans was more frequent in patients with advanced histopathologic changes in oral mucosa. The numbers of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli and the whole salivary flow rate were not correlated to high or low caries incidence. Whole salivary flow rate were not correlated to GVHD but rather, to conditioning with total body irradiation (p less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of application of cold dressings on the postoperative course in oral surgery.

The effect of external application of local cold on swelling, trismus, temperature and pain postoperatively in surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars was studied in a cross-over study comprising 45 patients. The patients were treated postoperatively with cold dressings after the first or the second operation. There were no significant differences in swelling, trismus, temperature or postoperative pain between the 2 groups of operations. It is concluded that the external application of cold after the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars does not appear to improve the postoperative course, either on a short or long term basis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of phenoxymethylpenicillin and erythromycin prophylaxis on anaerobic bacteraemia after oral surgery.

The effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on bacteraemia was assessed in 60 oral surgery operations. Fifty-one patients were divided in three groups receiving a 2 g dose of phenoxymethylpenicillin, a 0.5 g dose of erythromycin or no prophylaxis. During operation, the total numbers of bacteria were lower in the antibiotic groups than in the non-treatment groups (P less than 0.05). The number of patients with anaerobic bacteraemias, however, were similar in all three groups. The incidences of bacteraemia 10 min after operation were significantly lower in the antibiotic groups (P less than 0.05). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of phenoxymethylpenicillin were below 2 mg/l in 93% of the strains and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were below this value in 80% of the strains. The MICs of erythromycin were below 2 mg/l in 80% of the isolates, and the MBCs were between 4-32 mg/l in 62% of the isolates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Clinical appearance of orofacial infections of odontogenic origin in relation to microbiological findings.

Fifty-eight patients with acute orofacial infections of odontogenic origin were classified into two groups with respect to the severity of infection. A total of 174 anaerobic and 22 aerobic bacterial strains were isolated. Anaerobic gram-negative rods were isolated more frequently from the patients with severe infections than from the patients with infections judged as mild (P less than 0.05). The occurrence of Fusobacterium nucleatum especially appeared to be associated with the severity of the infections (P less than 0.05). Penicillin resistance among the anaerobes was rarely found, while resistance to erythromycin was a common finding. All aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were susceptible to clindamycin, and all obligate anaerobic bacteria were susceptible to nitroimidazoles.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Changes in the oropharyngeal and colon microflora in relation to antimicrobial concentrations in saliva and faeces.

Phenoxymethylpenicillin, bacampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, doxycycline and tinidazole were given perorally for 7 days to a total of 56 subjects. Concentrations of antimicrobials in serum, saliva and faeces were determined daily, as were viable counts of different aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in the oropharyngeal and colon microflora. Clindamycin, erythromycin, doxycycline and tinidazole were detected in saliva. Clindamycin, erythromycin and doxycycline were also detected in high concentrations in faeces. Phenoxymethylpenicillin, bacampicillin, tinidazole and doxycycline did only induce small changes in the oropharyngeal and colon microflora, while distinct suppression of anaerobic bacteria was observed in the oropharynx and colon when clindamycin was administered. Erythromycin decreased the numbers of aerobic bacteria in oropharynx and both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in colon. Both clindamycin and erythromycin induced new colonization of the oropharynx and colon by potentially pathogenic Gram-negative enteric rods and fungi as well as toxin-producing clostridia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of orofacial infections of odontogenic origin.

Acute purulent orofacial infections are often of odontogenic origin. The microorganisms and the anatomical site involved, largely determine the clinical manifestations. The infections are usually self-limiting but serious complications may ensue. Direct invasion of different anatomical spaces may cause mediastinitis, airway obstruction and also intracranial spread. Anaerobic bacteria belonging to the normal oropharyngeal flora (anaerobic cocci, bacteroides and fusobacteria) are usually isolated from orofacial abscesses. Surgical treatment including incision and drainage is essential. The drug of choice for antimicrobial therapy is penicillin. Penicillin resistant anaerobic bacteria may however make penicillin ineffective and antimicrobial agents such as metronidazole or clindamycin are then recommended to be used.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Colonization of the oropharynx with pathogenic microorganisms--a potential risk factor for infection in compromised patients.

The indigenous oropharyngeal microflora is complex and consists of many different aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Nonindigenous pathogenic microorganisms do not normally colonize the oropharynx due to several different defense mechanisms such as cell specific bacterial attachment, secretion of antibacterial substances and immunoglobulins. Also microbial interactions play an important role in the prevention of new colonization of the oropharynx. Suppression of the indigenous flora by antibiotics promote new colonization. Patients that are severely compromised by disease may be infected by colonizing microorganisms. At special risk are patients with low neutrophil count and patients that are prone to aspiration pneumonia. Thus new colonization should be prevented in such risk patients. Careful monitoring of systemic antimicrobial therapy is essential and decontamination of oropharynx with local antimicrobial agents may be of value.

Attachment Sites, Microbiological↗
PubMed1984

Impact of antimicrobial agents on the gastrointestinal microflora and the risk of infections.

The most common and significant cause of disturbances in the normal gastrointestinal microflora is the administration of antimicrobial agents. The microflora can be influenced by antimicrobial agents because of incomplete absorption of any orally administered antimicrobial agent, secretion of an antimicrobial agent by the salivary glands and in the bile, or secretion from the intestinal mucosa. In most cases the influence is not beneficial to the patient because suppression of the indigenous microorganisms often permits potential pathogens to overgrow and cause septic conditions, diarrhea, or colitis. Antimicrobial agents that influence the normal microflora also promote the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains. The authors' experience on the impact of different beta-lactams, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and nitroimidazoles on the gastrointestinal microflora and the risk of infections when these agents are used is reviewed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Prophylaxis with tinidazole in oral surgery. Tissue penetration and effect on the oral microflora.

10 patients with odontogenic cysts were given 500 mg tinidazole orally every 12 h for infection prophylaxis before cystectomy. The administration started 48 h before operation and lasted for 7 days. Samples for assay of tinidazole were collected from blood plasma and cystic fluid during surgery. Saliva samples for microbiological studies of the normal flora were obtained before, during and after the antibiotic administration period. Mean concentrations of tinidazole in plasma and cystic fluid were 10.7 mg/l and 10.0 mg/l, respectively. The anaerobic flora was suppressed in all patients and two patients were colonized with enterobacteria, and two with fungi. No anaerobic bacterial strains resistant to tinidazole emerged during the treatment period. It is concluded that tinidazole can be administered prophylactically 48 h before oral surgery, in order to obtain maximal tissue concentration, without risk of the emergence of resistant bacterial strains or severe ecological disturbances of the oral microflora.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Impact of phenoxymethylpenicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and doxycycline on Streptococcus salivarius in the oropharynx.

Streptococcus salivarius plays a role in the normal oropharyngeal resistance to colonization with group A streptococci. Suppression of Str. salivarius may increase the risk of colonization. Ten subjects were given phenoxymethylpenicillin, ten were given erythromycin, ten were given clindamycin and ten were given doxycycline for seven days. The numbers of Str. salivarius in the oral cavity were determined before, during and after the administration periods. Phenoxymethylpenicillin and doxycycline only slightly suppressed the numbers of Str. salivarius, while erythromycin and clindamycin markedly decreased the numbers. In four and five subjects respectively, Str. salivarius could no longer be isolated after seven days of the drug administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Selective decontamination of alimentary tract microbial flora in patients treated with bone marrow transplantation. A microbiological study.

14 patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation were studied regarding the oral and faecal microflora. Seven patients were given a multidrug regimen, directed against aerobic gram-negative rods and fungi, for local decontamination of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Seven other patients served as controls. The decontamination regimen was found to decrease the numbers of fungi in the oral cavity and to protect from new colonization. In the gastrointestinal tract aerobic gram-negative rods were eliminated in all patients and new colonization with acquired microorganisms was not observed even when the indigenous anaerobic flora had been disturbed by parenteral antibiotics. In the control group aerobic gram-negative rods and fungi were isolated from all patients during the observation period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Clindamycin in the upper respiratory tract infections.

Bacterial infections of the upper respiratory airways are common. Some of these infections are caused by anaerobic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus and may constitute considerable therapeutical problems. Chronic suppurative otitis media may sometimes give rise to serious osteitis of surrounding bone structures, sigmoid sinus thrombosis and intracranial abscesses. The causative microorganisms are mostly anaerobes. Many paranasal sinus infections are also due to anaerobic bacteria. These infections can rapidly cause irreversible damage of the sinus mucosa and eventually spread intracranially. Purulent parotitis is mostly seen in elderly and seriously ill patients. In the majority of the cases bacterial cultures reveal beta-lactamase-producing S. aureus. Infections of the teeth in the mandible sometimes spread into the floor of the mouth and may extend down into the throat and mediastinum. If not properly treated these anaerobic infections will prove fatal. Chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible is increasing in frequency and constitute serious therapeutical problems. Many patients cannot be protected against painful and disabling relapses. Anaerobic bacteria, emanating from the normal oropharyngeal flora, play an important part in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Retropharyngeal, parapharyngeal as well as peritonsillar infections and abscesses are mostly caused by anaerobes and demand adequate surgical and antibacterial therapy. In malignant tumors of the ear, nose or throat, anaerobic infections often deteriorate the conditions as inflammatory oedema increases the volume of the tumor and the pain of the patients. Cutaneous infections of the face and auricles caused by S. aureus may constitute therapeutical problems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗