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Biomedical subjects

A Holst

Publications and source records attributed to A Holst.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Distribution of HLA class II alleles among Scandinavian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): an increased risk of SLE among non[DRB1*03,DQA1*0501,DQB1*0201] class II homozygotes?

HLA-DRB1, -DRB3, -DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles were determined by DNA typing in 51 Scandinavian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 129 controls. DRB1*03,DRB3*0101,DQA1*0501,DQB1*0201 were significantly increased in the patient group, with relative risks (RR) of 2.80, 3.07, 3.55 and 2.12, respectively. These alleles are in strong linkage disequilibrium, and their possible relative contributions in predisposition to SLE are difficult to distinguish. The strongest association was found for DQA1*0501, which is in linkage disequilibrium with DRB1*03 as well as DRB1*11,12 (DR5). An increased frequency of DRB1*11,12 was observed (RR = 1.89, ns). No association with DRB1*15,16 (DR2) was found. The patients had a higher frequency of HLA class II homozygosity than the controls (RR = 5.05, p = 0.0005). When compared to the low-risk group (nonDRB1*03 class II heterozygotes), the cases homozygous for DRB1*03,DQA1*0501,DQB1*0201, known to be in linkage disequilibrium with the complement allele C4A*Q0, had the highest relative risk of developing SLE (RR = 16.39, p = 0.0002). However non[DRB1*03,DQA1*0501,DQB1*0201] class II homozygotes had a higher relative risk (RR = 4.68, p = 0.0147) than DRB1*03,DQA1*0501,DQB1*0201 heterozygotes, known to carry the C4A*Q0 allele (RR = 2.72, p = 0.0088). This may suggest that HLA class II molecules are directly involved in susceptibility to SLE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

HLA antigens in primary fibromyalgia syndrome.

HLA antigens, both class I (A,B,C) and II (DR), were determined in 60 patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome and compared to 159 healthy controls. No significant association between primary fibromyalgia syndrome and alleles of the HLA system was detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Dental fear in children--frequency, diagnosis and treatment].

A recent study on acceptance of dental treatment among Swedish children (11) showed that the frequency of dental fear was 3% in 4-16 year-olds. Eight percent of the children sometimes reacted in such a way that treatment could not be carried out without restraint or excessive delay. More than every other 3-year-old child resisted in some way. Positive behavior and cooperation improved with increasing age, the improvement being most pronounced among the youngest children. It was also shown that negative or no acceptance increased by each new appointment in preschool children with a large amount of treatment need. Behavior shaping is a combination of tell-show-do and positive reinforcement. It includes the following parts: Tell-show-do. Positive reinforcement. Observation of the reactions of the child. Rating the acceptance of the child. If positive: positive reinforcement and introduction of a new step. If not positive: further training on the specific step. Repetition of these parts according to a hierarchy of treatment steps from the easiest to the most difficult to accept. The child's behavior is observed and rated according to the categories of behavior as in Table 1. The treatment aims at building up the child's confidence and to attain positive acceptance of dental treatment. The child's behavior is governed by its experience, and by the way it is met in the specific situation. First, inform the child and the parent about the procedures. Try to establish a good relationship with the child and parent. Observe and be sensitive to all signals from the child and parent, especially the non-verbal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Sonographic leg length measurement].

After brief presentation of the clinical and radiological methods to measure the leg length and the leg length difference the authors outline the new diagnostic method for measuring the leg length and the leg length difference by means of real time sonography. Postmortem tests and clinical examples show that ultrasound is ideal to determine exactly the length of femur and tibia. The joint gaps on the hip, knee and upper ankle joint can be demonstrated by means of a 5 MHz linear scanner. A 1 mm strong metal bar on the skin and under the scanner is placed at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body so that the bar can be seen in the centre. A measuring device gives the distances of the joint gaps in cm so that the difference correspond to the real length of femur and tibia. This standardised measuring is done by a particularly developed bearing and measuring device. The results of the sonographical measurements on 20 corpses and checking after consecutive dissections showed in 75% of cases a 100% sonographic measuring accuracy of the total leg length. The separately considered results for femur (85%) and tibia (90) were even better. The maximum sonographic measuring fault was 1.0 cm for the femur (in one case) and 0.5 cm for the tibia, respectively. All sonographic measurements were performed with the Sonoline SL-1 of the Siemens Company (Erlangen, W-Germany). Thus, sonographical measuring of the leg length offers a reliable, non-invasive method that can be repeated as often as necessary and is simply executed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Murine genomic DNA sequences replicating autonomously in mouse L cells.

Plasmids that replicate autonomously in mouse L cells were constructed by inserting random genomic DNA fragments from Ltk- cells into a plasmid containing the HSV-1 thymidine kinase gene with a truncated low-efficiency promoter. HAT resistance was used as a selective marker. The presence of free plasmids in the DNA of transformants was demonstrated by hybridization with a specific plasmid probe, by electron microscopic visualization of circular DNA, and by recovering these plasmids by E. coli transformation. Nineteen different DNA fragments were isolated. They were characterized as murine autonomously replicating sequences by Mbol restriction endonuclease sensitivity, by bromodeoxyuridine substitution, by copy number determination, and by segregation analysis. Sequence analysis of the inserts of nine plasmids revealed a conserved element of 12 bp (CTCATGAGAGGCCAA) in five out of nine autonomously replicating sequences.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1988

[Measuring leg length and leg length difference with the method of real time sonography].

A brief presentation of the clinical and radiological methods to measure the leg length and the leg length difference is followed by an outline of the new diagnostic method for measuring the leg length and the leg length difference by means of real-time sonography. Tests conducted on corpses, as well as clinical examples, show that sonography is an ideal method for determining the exact lengths of the femur and tibia. The joint gaps on the hip joint, knee joint and upper ankle joint can be visualised by means of a 5 MHz linear scanner. A 1 mm strong metal bar on the skin and under the scanner are positioned at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the body so that the bar can be seen in the centre of each joint gap by means of real-time sonography. A measuring device gives the distances of the joint gaps in cm so that the differences correspond to the real length of femur and tibia. This standardised measuring procedure is done by a specially developed bearing and measuring device. The results of the sonographical measurings on 20 corpses and checking after consecutive dissections showed in 75% of the cases a 100% sonographic measuring accuracy of the total leg length. The separately considered results for femur (85%) and tibia (90%) were even better. The maximum sonographic measuring fault was 1.0 cm for the femur (in one case) and 0.5 cm for the tibia, respectively. Thus, sonographic measuring of the leg length offers a reliable, non-invasive and easily performed new method that can be repeated any number of times. It is ideal for the development control of therapeutically influenced as well as spontaneous transformations of leg length differences.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Effect of systematized "behavior shaping" on acceptance of dental treatment in children.

The aim of this study was to compare the acceptance level of children treated by dentists who had participated in a training program of psychologic care and systematized "behavior shaping", with the acceptance level of children treated to a large extent by the same dentists before their training program. The material consisted of 2400 children treated by 149 dentists, to be compared with the material of 2773 children treated by 161 dentists in the "before training" study; 127 dentists took part in both studies. The training program included a video film, a manual, and a case form. Of the children treated before the dentists underwent the training program, 79% showed positive acceptance of all treatment steps encountered during dental visits, 13% reluctant acceptance, and 8% negative or no acceptance. The corresponding figures for children treated after the training program were 92, 6, and 2%. The distributions of overall positive acceptance in the two studies were compared by means of a logistic regression model. The level of overall positive acceptance was significantly increased after the dentists had participated in the training program. The improvement was most pronounced among the youngest children and children in need of restorative treatment or extraction. Of all the background variables studied, age, present need of treatment, and the before/after training variable had the greatest influence. The study shows that dentists can be trained to obtain significantly increased positive acceptance of dental treatment in children, and that the method does not require extra time in the dental chair.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Prediction of behavior management problems in children.

The aim of the present investigation was to study non-dental and dental background variables with a view to estimating their influence on behavior management problems by means of a structured interview and analyzing their separate and combined predictive power. The material consisted of a case group, 101 children aged 3-16 yr, referred for management problems to clinics of specialized pedodontics, and a control group, individually matched with the cases as regards age, sex, residential area, number of tooth surfaces restored, and dentist. The children or their parents were interviewed concerning background variables. Logistic regression was used for the analyses. Three non-dental variables turned out to be statistically significant as predictors (P less than 0.05): problems on visiting a medical doctor, dental fear in the mother or father, and anxiety when meeting unfamiliar people. Management problems might be expected if one of these attributes is found. Four dental variables had significant predictive power: earlier problems on seeing a dentist, dislike of the dentist, not enough time to adjust to the dental situation, and fear of injection. However, none of these dental variables was found to have predictive power in 3-6-yr-olds, and none of them improved the predictive power of the three main non-dental variables.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Sonography as a screening method in suspected rupture of the rotator cuff].

We have found ultrasonography of the shoulder in differentiating between normal rotator cuff and rotator cuff lesion according to trauma a very helpful method. In comparison to arthrography it is a quick and painless method without any risk. Whereas other authors report a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94% in shoulder disease we recommend ultrasonography in acute shoulder trauma as a screening method. Pathological findings in ultrasonography will make the decision for arthrography easy. The major diagnostic pitfall is the calcified tendon of the rotator cuff.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1987

Direct ratings of acceptance of dental treatment in Swedish children.

The aim of the present study was to bring forward data of acceptance of dental treatment for 3-16-yr-old children in a population with good dental health and annual dental care, and to evaluate the influence on acceptance of age, sex, residential area, and previous experience and present need of dental treatment. The material consisted of 2773 children. Direct ratings of behavior were made at each of 10 different treatment steps passed during dental appointments. The majority of children needed no more than one dental visit and 79% showed positive acceptance at all steps of treatment passed during dental visits. Eight percent of all children sometimes reacted in such a way that treatment could not be carried out without restraint or undue delay. Dental fear was diagnosed in 3% of all children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Epidemiologic study of idiopathic enamel hypomineralization in permanent teeth of Swedish children.

In the late seventies an increasing number of children showing extensive and severe idiopathic hypomineralization of the enamel of incisors and permanent first molars was reported within the Public Dental Services in Sweden. An epidemiologic study was initiated to analyze the prevalence, extension and severity in Swedish children born in 1970 and in the years before and after. 2252 children born in 1966-74 were examined according to well defined criteria on enamel hypomineralization. It was found that 15.4% of the children born in 1970 showed such changes. The corresponding figures for children born in 1966, 1969, 1971, 1972 and 1974 were 6.3, 7.3, 7.1, 5.2 and 4.4, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Experimental studies of new topical anaesthetics on the oral mucosa.

In order to reduce pain by injection, a frequently used topical anaesthetic is Xylocaine 5% ointment. This preparation, however, has certain limits in effectiveness. A new topical anaesthetic formulation, EMLA (Eutectic Mixture Local Anaesthetics), has been developed. Promising local anaesthetic properties on intact skin made it interesting to investigate the clinical usefulness of EMLA on mucous membranes and to find a suitable time of application. 30 volunteers, 20-40 yr, took part in the study. In two experimental double blind series, the topical anaesthetic effect was compared for EMLA 5% cream, Xylocaine 5% ointment, placebo cream, dry EMLA emulsion in cellulose discs and placebo discs. Application times were 2 and 5 minutes for the first three preparations, 2 minutes for the cellulose discs. The application areas were the alveolar mucosa in the lower buccal fold and the palatal mucosa. The pain by insertion of 27 or 30 gauge dental needles through the mucosa was registered. Xylocaine 5% and EMLA 5% reduced pain perception compared to placebo. For both Xylocaine 5% and EMLA 5% an application time of 2 minutes was found to be enough to produce a high degree of mucosal analgesia in the lower buccal fold. In the palatal area, however, the pain was not totally blocked by any of the investigated preparations but after 5 minutes of application EMLA showed a higher degree of analgesia. EMLA 5% creams was poorly localized at the applied area while the cellulose EMLA discs seemed to be more useful. No side effects were noticed.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1984

Management of dental behaviour problems. A 5-year follow-up.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the lasting results of treatment designed to increase cooperative behaviour in children with advanced anxiety or fear of the dental situation. The first 50 children referred in 1976 to the pedodontic clinic in Orebro, Sweden, on account of management problems, were chosen. Of these children 45 were able to participate in a follow-up study in 1982, comprising information from records and from questionnaires sent to the child/parent as well as to the referring dentist. In 1976 most of the children had not accepted dental treatment for several years and were in great need of dental care. Nevertheless, after systematic stepwise learning, based on the "tell-show-do" method, together with reinforcement, 36 children could be treated conventionally and another 5 after preoperative sedation. In 4 cases postponement was chosen. Of the total treatment time, 28 per cent was spent on managing behaviour problems. If all treatment, including injection, had been carried out with positive acceptance in 1976, as well as during the following 5 years, without the patient being fearful or having physical symptoms, the lasting result of managing behaviour problems was considered positive. These criteria were fulfilled in 78 per cent of the cases. Furthermore, the results indicate that the main reason for dental behaviour problems usually lies in the child's prior experience of the dental situation and that the present treatment model is effective in reducing dental fear and gives most children a lasting positive attitude to dental care and dental health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A randomized trial of cadexomer iodine in decubitus ulcers.

Thirty-four patients with decubitus ulcers were studied in a randomized trial to compare topical cadexomer iodine with the standard decubitus ulcer treatments used in the participating hospitals. There was a significant reduction of ulcer area with both treatments within three weeks; however, eight of 16 patients treated with cadexomer iodine had a reduction of ulcer area of more than 50 per cent, compared with one of 18 patients treated with the standard treatment (P less than 0.01). Twenty-seven patients continued the same treatment for five more weeks, during which time six in the cadexomer iodine group healed, compared with one in the standard treatment group (P less than 0.05). Cadexomer iodine was superior to the standard treatment in removing pus and debris from the ulcer surface and in reducing pain at the ulcer site. It was found to be easy both to apply and to remove from the ulcers and did not stain skin or clothing. Transient smarting during the first hour after application was reported by three patients, and one patient complained of skin irritation. The results show that cadexomer iodine applied daily has a debriding effect on decubitus ulcers and accelerates healing.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1983

Retinol does not affect cell growth in fibroblast cell cultures.

Retinol-free fetal calf serum for cell cultures was obtained by UV irradiation and by removal of retinol-binding protein (RBP) by gel-filtration. RBP from bovine serum was purified in a simple two-step procedure. This made it possible to replenish the culture medium with retinol in its physiological i.e. RBP-bound form. Retinol-free and retinol-containing medium was used to assay growth of 3T3 and L929 fibroblast cells. None of these cell lines showed a significant change in growth rate or saturation density that could be attributed to free or RBP-bound retinol.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[The action of oxyfedrine on haemodynamics, inotropism and blood perfusion of the partially ischaemic myocardium after digoxin premedication. Studies on anaesthetized dogs (author's transl)].

The effect exerted on the partially ischaemic heart when administering 0.9 mg/kg L-3-(beta-hydroxy-alpha-methylphenethylamino)-3'-methoxypropiophenone (oxyfedrine, ildamen) approx. 10 min after i.v. application of 0.05 mg/kg digoxin was tested on 20 dogs previously anaesthetized with propiomazine-pentobarbital. The following parameters were studied and subsequently compound with the results of former trials of ours' without digoxin premedication: aortic pressure (ASP, ADP), left-ventricular pressure (LVSP, LVEDP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (HMV), stroke volume (SV), dp/dtmax, dp/dtmax/IP, t-dp/dtmax, blood flow in the normal and partially ischaemic myocardium, the latter being measured with heat conductance probes and labelled microspheres. ASP and ADP show the same reduction--as compared with the control value--both after the administration of oxyfedrine with and without digoxin premedication. After digoxin premedication oxyfedrine led to a somewhat less marked reduction of LVSP; on premedication with digoxin LVEDP was slightly increased whereas it was reduced after additional administration of oxyfedrine as was also the case without digoxin pretreatment. The increase in HR after oxyfedrine is almost the same as without digoxin pretreatment. Also the increase in HMV and the SV lowering are not influenced by digoxin. By administration of oxyfedrine dp/dtmax is always increased by the same amount, starting from the already increased value after digoxin premedication, which is probably an additive effect. The same applies to the quotient dp/dtmax/IP. After oxyfedrine the time t-dp/dtmax is lowered by the same amount, irrespective of a digoxin premedication. Oxyfedrine does not produce a further increase in the heat conductance values after previous application of digoxin; when measuring the blood flow with labelled microspheres the same result was found, which means that by previous administration of digoxin the circulatory effect of oxyfedrine is obviously inhibited. Summing up one can say that by combining the active principles digoxin and oxyfedrine the function parameters of the heart can be influenced only positively.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1978

Appraisal of skin tests with food extracts for diagnosis of food hypersensitivity.

Seventy-six children aged 5 months to 15 years who exhibited a net weal of 3.0 mm or greater to a puncture skin test with one or more of fourteen foods were subjected to double-blind food challenge. Confirmed reactions to double-blind food challenge were found to occur only with peanut, milk, egg and soybean. Puncture skin tests with 1:20 w/v concentration of food extracts identified all subjects who exhibited an adverse reaction during the double-blind food challenge. Performance of intradermal skin tests did not identify any additional subjects who reacted clinically to double-blind food challenge.

Adolescent↗