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Biomedical subjects

A I Hurvitz

Publications and source records attributed to A I Hurvitz.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Propylthiouracil-associated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and antinuclear antibodies in cats with hyperthyroidism.

Nine of 105 cats with hyperthyroidism treated with propylthiouracil developed a serious immune-mediated drug reaction during treatment. Adverse clinical signs, which developed after 19 to 37 days (mean, 24.8 days) of propylthiouracil administration, included lethargy, weakness, anorexia, and bleeding diathesis. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes, and petechial hemorrhages of the skin and oral cavity. Results of hematologic testing revealed severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. The direct antiglobulin (Coombs') test was positive in all 7 cats evaluated, whereas the serum antinuclear antibody titer was greater than or equal to 1:10 in 5 of the 8 cats tested. In 4 of the cats, treatment included appropriate supportive therapy and cessation of propylthiouracil; in these cats, anemia and thrombocytopenia resolved and Coombs' and antinuclear antibody tests became negative within 2 weeks.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1984

Michel's medium as a preservative for immunofluorescent staining of cutaneous biopsy specimens in dogs and cats.

Paired 3-mm skin biopsy specimens from 24 dogs and 11 cats with suspected autoimmune dermatopathies were stained with fluorescein-conjugated antisera. In each case, 1 specimen was immediately embedded in optimum cutting temperature compound, quick frozen to -30 C, processed, stained, and examined. The other sample was placed in Michel's transport medium, held for 7 days, and then processed, stained, and examined. The location, quality, and intensity of immunofluorescent staining (when positive) were then compared in the 2 specimens. There were no differences in the staining patterns between the specimens processed immediately and those held in Michel's medium, thus demonstrating the validity of preserving canine and feline skin biopsy specimens in Michel's medium for immunofluorescent examination.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immune-mediated vasculitis in five dogs.

Vasculitis was diagnosed in 5 dogs. Clinical signs varied, but all 5 dogs had signs of systemic illness. Inflammation and fibrinoid necrosis of small blood vessels were consistent findings. The skin and mucous membranes were the main tissues involved in 3 dogs; polyarthropathy and myopathy were diagnosed in 1 dog and myopathy in 1 dog. Good response to corticosteroid therapy was achieved in 3 dogs; in 2 dogs, immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide was necessary and the dogs responded well.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Plasmapheresis-immunoadsorption for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus in a dog.

Systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed in a 3-year-old, male German Shepherd Dog. Clinical signs included lethargy, partial anorexia, fever, joint swelling, and skin and oral ulceration. The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of an antinuclear antibody titer of 1:640 and immunofluorescence for immunoglobulin G at the dermal-epidermal junction in skin biopsy specimens. Treatment with prednisone and cyclophosphamide failed to induce remission. Intensive plasmapheresis-immunoadsorption, using purified Staphylococcus protein A in combination with low-dose prednisone therapy, resulted in sustained remission.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Canine mammary epithelial neoplasms: biologic implications of morphologic characteristics assessed in 232 dogs.

We studied 232 dogs that underwent mastectomy for mammary epithelial neoplasms. The mastectomy specimens were evaluated according to structural parameters found to be prognostically significant in human mammary neoplasms, such as grade of atypia in non-invasive proliferations of duct epithelium, extent of malignant disease, and nuclear differentiation in malignant neoplasms. In this study, the biologic behavior of mammary lesions was assessed according to the frequency of development of de novo or recurrent invasive carcinoma within two years. Our data indicate that we can recognize structural variables which permit classification of mammary neoplasms into categories with distinct patterns of biologic behavior. In addition to normotypic proliferative lesions and invasive malignant neoplasms, we were able to identify precancerous atypic and non-invasive malignant neoplasms that are considered precursor lesions in women. Also, as in women, nuclear differentiation was found to be a prognostically significant variable. Lymphoid cellular reactions, considered to be structural correlates of host-tumor immune responses in women, were noted in 35% of dogs with precancerous or malignant neoplasms. Application of the described parameters should facilitate comparative studies of canine and human mammary carcinogenesis and use of the dog as a model for the development of new therapeutic modalities and immunoprophylaxis of human mammary cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Protein A-independent tumoricidal responses in dogs after extracorporeal perfusion of plasma over Staphylococcus aureus.

Protein A-positive or -negative Staphylococcus aureus preparations were used in an extracorporeal system to treat dogs with spontaneously occurring cancers. Tumor regression was seen in 4 of 7 dogs treated by reinfusion of plasma that had been incubated with protein A-positive S. aureus Cowan I strain (SAC). Therapy was associated with fever, liver enzyme abnormalities, and hypocomplementemia. Tumor response and toxicity could be diminished by more extensive washing of the SAC preparation. Tumor regression was also seen in 2 of 2 animals treated with protein A-negative S. aureus Wood strain 46. In addition, tumors regressed in 3 of 4 dogs treated with infusions of protein A-free saline extracts from S. aureus. These results suggest that the release of a non-protein A bacterial product contributes to tumor regression following incubation of plasma with S. aureus.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1982

Epizootiologic patterns of diabetes mellitus in dogs.

A case-control study of spontaneous diabetes mellitus in dogs was undertaken, using 2 veterinary data bases. The Veterinary Medical Data Program (VMDP) contained records of 1,019 cases of canine diabetes from 14 university-affiliated veterinary hospitals. The Animal Medical Center (AMC), a private veterinary hospital which has not participated in the VMDP, contained records of 449 diabetes cases. Each data base was analyzed separately, control groups being chosen from all admissions, excluding diabetic animals. Summary odds ratios by sex adjusted for age and breed indicated significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated risks for entire females and neutered females compared with that for entire males. The VMDP data indicated a significantly elevated risk for castrated males, whereas the risk derived from AMC data was not significantly different from 1. Analysis of risks by breed adjusting for age and sex identified Poodles as being at significantly excess risk, and German Shepherd Dogs, Cocker Spaniels, Collies, and Boxers at significantly decreased risk in both data sets. The male-female risk ratio changed with age from 1 at less than 1 year of age to a predominance of females at older ages. In the AMC data base, diabetes was significantly associated with cataracts in dogs of both sexes combined. Diabetes was also significantly associated with benign mammary tumors in female dogs.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Canine hepatocellular carcinoma.

In a study of 110 primary hepatic neoplasms in dogs, 55 hepatocellular carcinomas and two combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinomas were diagnosed. These neoplasms were classified into the following 11 groups based on histo-architectural pattern: trabecular, peliod, cobblestone, peritheliomatous, anaplastic, pseudoglandular, pleomorphic, scirrhous, clear cell, solid, and combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma. The neoplastic hepatocytes varied from almost normal to highly anaplastic spindle cells. Pleomorphic and giant cells were common in some groups, rare or absent in others. Metastasis was found in 61% (35 of 57), in contrast to a much higher percent in man, indicating the possibility of a different pathogenesis in the dog.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1981

Canine bile duct carcinoma.

Twenty-four adenocarcinomas of the hepatobiliary system were found among 110 primary hepatic neoplasms: 22 of these were intrahepatic, one involved the extrahepatic bile duct and one the gall bladder. Histologically, 10 intrahepatic neoplasms were classified as cholangiocarcinoma, and 12 as bile duct cystadenocarcinoma. The former were characterized by tubular structures lined by anaplastic cuboidal or columnar cells with diffuse fibrous stroma, and the latter by multiple cystic structures with papillary and solid areas. Half the bile duct cystadenocarcinomas showed benign cysts and transition to adenocarcinomas. This was seen in only one case of cholangiocarcinoma. The extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma was characterized by tubular structures lined with flattened cuboidal cells with scant stroma. The gall bladder adenocarcinoma contained many acinar structures lined with columnar or cuboidal cells and separated by thin stroma. Distant metastasis was found in 87.5% (21 of 24) sites of metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Canine hepatic carcinoids.

In 110 primary hepatic neoplasms in the dog, 15 carcinoids were diagnosed. Diffuse involvement of all liver lobes with severe hemorrhage and necrosis was seen in all cases. The neoplasms had three distinct histologic patterns: solid nests, cords or ribbons; and an alveolar pattern with rosettes. In all three groups there was fibrovascular stroma that was hyalinized, mineralized, and thick in some places. The neoplastic cells were relatively uniform, polygonal to spindle-shaped, with eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm and vesiculated nuclei. Mitotic activity varied among the three groups. Argyrophilia was seen in all specimens stained with modified Grimelius stain. Metastasis occurred in 14 of 15 dogs (93.3%); the peritoneal wall and adjoining lymph nodes were the most common sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

An epidemiologic study of households exposed to canine systemic lupus erythematosus.

To determine whether exposure to canine lupus is a risk for human lupus, we studied 83 members of 23 households exposed to 19 dogs with high titer antinuclear antibodies and compared these contact households to 50 members of 18 control households matched for dog age, sex, and primary veterinarian. No differences were found between contacts and controls in titer of antinuclear, antiDNA, antiRNA, and antilymphocyte antibodies, frequency of positive rheumatoid factor, or elevated serum immunoglobulins. Further analysis of subgroups by age, sex, and intensity of dog exposure did not reveal any serologic differences between contacts and controls. No cases of lupus were identified in either group. Three contact households and no controls reported a family history (remote from the household) of lupus. This study did not detect any clinical or serologic effect of human household exposure to dogs with high titer antinuclear antibodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A latex test for canine rheumatoid factor.

Canine rheumatoid factor (RF) has been reported in several canine diseases, particularly in arthritis. Although RF can be assayed using IgG sensitized erythrocytes, the test has a number of disadvantages. As an alternative, latex sensitized with canine IgG was investigated as an assay of canine RF. The canine IgG-latex could be easily produced, was stable, and could be standardized with commercial antisera. The reagent detected RF of the IgM anti-canine-aggregated-IgG type. A comparison of the titres obtained using the canine IgG-latex reagent with those obtained using a rabbit IgG-erythrocyte reagent showed no correlation, suggesting that the two assays may detect RF of different specificities.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Canine intestinal adenocarcinoma and carcinoid.

Thirty-one of 35 canine intestinal neoplasms were adenocarcinomas and four were carcinoids. Acinar, solid, papillary and mucinous adenocarcinomas were seen. Acinar and papillary adenocarcinomas were more common the duodenum, colon and rectum. Papillary adenocarcinomas involved longer segments of the intestine. Mucinous adenocarcinomas were in all segments of the intestines but were more frequent in the jejunum. The only signet ring cell carcinoma occurred in the duodenum. Carcinoids occurred equally in the duodenum and colon. Half the rectal tumors showed transition from benign polypoid lesions to adenocarcinomas. Hyperplasia, branching of crypts, increase in goblet cells, and glandular fusion (some cells with anaplasia) were severe in the mucosa adjoining all neoplastic tissue. Local invasion was seen in 32 dogs. Lymph node, lungs, liver and intestinal wall were the most common sites of metastases, Half of the metastases in the liver were from carcinoids and were diffuse.

Adenocarcinoma↗