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Biomedical subjects

A K Banerjee

Publications and source records attributed to A K Banerjee.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Adaptation of jejunal to colonic mucosal autografts in experimentally induced short bowel syndrome.

The behavior of jejunal to colonic mucosal autografts was studied in an experimental animal model of short bowel syndrome (SBS). Histological appearances, enterocyte enzyme activities, and in vitro glucose transport were studied at the donor and recipient graft sites in control, short-bowel syndrome, and gastrocolic fistula 5-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Small intestinal function was maintained in the jejunocolonic graft after 80% small bowel resection; animals in which small bowel was not resected showed loss of graft function and enzyme activity. This effect is dependent on the presence of jejunal chyme: after gastrocolic fistulae, the jejunum to colon grafts lost jejunal functional activities. Total parenteral nutrition did not alter graft behavior but improved the postoperative mortality of the procedures. The results provide additional information on intestinal adaptation in SBS.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the L gene of vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype): identification of conserved domains in L proteins of nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses.

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the L gene of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), New Jersey serotype (Ogden strain) by primer extension dideoxy sequencing of the genomic RNA with reverse transcriptase. This analysis completes the entire genomic sequence of the VSVNJ (Ogden). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of this L protein with those reported for L proteins of Indiana serotype and Hazelhurst strain of New Jersey serotype revealed an extensive sequence similarity among all three proteins. The comparison was further extended to the L proteins of other nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses, namely the rabies virus and four members of the paramyxovirus family: measles, Newcastle disease, human parainfluenza 3, and Sendai viruses. Our findings confirmed the existence of conserved as well as unique domains in the L proteins, suggesting an evolutionary relationship among these viruses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Interpreting rodent clinical laboratory data in safety assessment studies: biological and analytical components of variation.

Evaluation of the biological and toxicological significance of clinical laboratory results obtained in safety assessment studies requires an understanding of factors unrelated to the treatment that may affect test results. Since the magnitude of the components of variation is usually unknown, the toxicologic significance of small, but statistically significant, differences between control and treatment group results can be difficult to assess. Over a 12-week period, components of variation were determined for a wide range of hematologic and clinical biochemical assays in clinically normal Sprague-Dawley-derived rats. Estimates of variance components and ratios were obtained for each test. While the intra-animal/inter-animal ratios (r ratios) revealed some important tests with a high or low degree of individuality, many hematologic and clinical biochemical tests had r ratios within the 95% confidence interval for equal variances. Analytical variance ratios revealed tests that are sensitive to the effects of experimental error and experimental design. Due to the diversity of the variance component patterns among clinical laboratory tests, complex experimental designs may be required to reduce the effects of analytical and biological variation on the statistical analysis of clinical laboratory data. The results of this study suggest that statistically significant clinical laboratory findings that are not biologically or toxicologically important will be present in many rodent safety assessment studies with a standard design. Overreliance on the result of standard prepackaged statistical analyses for determining the presence of toxicologically significant findings can lead to misinterpretation of clinical laboratory data. Sound medical judgment must be applied to clinical laboratory findings using appropriate statistical analyses as a tool for pattern recognition.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Actinomycotic brain abscess.

A histologically confirmed actinomycotic brain abscess, in a previously healthy female, is reported. CT scan findings of a thick walled multiloculated ring enhancement with smooth inner margin and irregular nodular enhancement of outer margin, along with contiguous patchy enhancing lesion with circular low attenuation areas were suggestive of a chronic granulomatous abscess. Surgical excision and prolonged antibiotic therapy produced a good resolution.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of an in vitro system for the synthesis of mRNA from human parainfluenza virus type 3.

A cell extract derived from human parainfluenza virus type 3-infected human lung carcinoma (HLC) cells synthesized mRNA in vitro. Under optimal conditions, the extract was able to support transcription of all virus-encoded genes as determined by hybridization analyses. The RNA products contained full-length poly(A)-containing mRNA species similar to those observed in acutely infected cells. Further purification of the viral nucleocapsids from the infected HLC cell extract resulted in total loss of the capacity of the extract to synthesize mRNA in vitro. However, the addition of cytoplasmic extracts from uninfected HLC cells to the nucleocapsid preparations restored transcription to levels observed in the infected cell lysates, indicating requirement of a host factor(s) in the human parainfluenza virus type 3 transcription process. In distinction to the abundant transcription observed in the cell extract from HLC cells, cell extract prepared from CV-1 cells failed to support transcription in vitro. High levels of RNase activity in the cell extract from CV-1 cells appears to be the principal reason for this difference.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Experimental non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy in the rat: similarities to inflammatory bowel disease and effect of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors.

We have validated an established animal model of acute inflammatory bowel disease in indomethacin-treated rats. Studies in both in vitro and in vivo 51chromium-labelled ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (51Cr-EDTA) permeability and tissue myeloperoxidase activity, a marker of inflammatory cell invasion, showed increased permeability and enzyme levels, respectively, in treated animals compared to controls (in vitro 51Cr-EDTA permeability: (mean (SE] control 0.10 (0.02) microliter/mg per tissue, experimental 0.17 (0.02) (p < 0.01, 2 way analysis of variance); in vivo 51Cr-EDTA permeability: control 3.9 (1.3) (% dose recovered), experimental 12.1 (1.5) (p < 0.01); tissue myeloperoxidase: control 10.8 (0.4) mU/mg, experimental 17.2 (0.5) p less than 0.01). Pretreatment or simultaneous treatment of indomethacin-treated animals with glucocorticoids, sulphasalazine, or tetracycline reduced the permeability changes and the tissue inflammatory response (in vitro 51Cr-EDTA permeability: (mean (SE] sulphasalazine + indomethacin 0.11 (0.2) microliter/mg tissue (p < 0.01), prednisolone +/- indomethacin 0.12 (0.02) (p < 0.01), tetracycline + indomethacin 0.12 (0.02) (p < 0.01]. Glucocorticoids and sulphasalazine, but not tetracycline, administered after the indomethacin also partially corrected the permeability and inflammatory changes induced by indomethacin (in vitro 51Cr-EDTA permeability: sulphasalazine 0.15 (0.02) microliter/mg, p < 0.02; prednisolone 0.12 (0.02) microliter/mg, p < 0.01). This approach was used to investigate the effects of two different thromboxane synthetase inhibitors in indomethacin-treated animals. Simultaneous treatment with thromboxane synthetase inhibitors and indomethacin prevented the 51Cr-EDTA permeability and tissue myeloperoxidase increases induced by indomethacin alone (in vitro 51Cr-EDTA permeability: thromboxane synthetase inhibitors + indomethacin 0.11 (0.01) microliter/mg (p0.01); tissue myeloperoxidase: 11 (0.4) mU/mg, (p < 0.01). Thromboxane synthetase inhibitors administered after the indomethacin also partially corrected the permeability and inflammatory changes induced by indomethacin (in vitro 51Cr-EDTA permeability: thromboxane synthetase inhibitors 0.12 (0.02) mU/mg (p < 0.01); tissue myeloperoxidase 13.8 (0.5) (p < 0.01). These studies indicate that thromboxane synthetase inhibitors partially correct the intestinal lesion non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy and may therefore be of use in inflammatory bowel diseases in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pilot study of the prevalence of major neurologic disorders in a rural population of India.

A study of the prevalence of major neurologic diseases will be carried out in a rural population near Ballabgarh. India, using the World Health Organization protocol for epidemiologic studies of neurologic disorders and other internationally standardized survey techniques, screening procedures, and diagnostic criteria. Before applying any protocol developed in one population to another population, it must be intensively tested. Here, we describe the adaptation of the WHO protocol to the local conditions in rural Ballabgarh, and the findings of the pilot study conducted to test the protocol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Meningeal melanocytoma: report of two cases.

Two cases meningeal melanocytoma, one each at cranial and spinal location, are described. Neurological deficits in both cases improved following surgery. Pathological features of this rare tumour are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Damage to the anterior visual pathway and brain parenchyma following external pituitary irradiation.

Three cases of damage to the optic nerves and chiasma following pituitary irradiation with Co60 teletherapy are described. All of them presented with progressive visual impairment months following irradiation and simulated recurrence of the tumour. CT scan was also not helpful in differentiating radionecrosis from tumour recurrence. On exploration the optic nerves and chiasma appeared discoloured and scarred. One case, who also had diffuse radionecrosis of brain parenchyma, died. No satisfactory therapy is currently available for this grave complication but proper safeguards can prevent it.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Chronic muscle wasting in alcoholics--a histochemical and biochemical study.

A comparative histochemical and biochemical study of the anterior tibial muscle of 10 alcoholics suggests that neuropathy could be the cause of chronic muscle weakness and wasting. Myopathic changes did not predominate in the findings. It is concluded that the proximal muscle atrophy could also be attributed to neurogenic damage. Histochemical reactions in muscle specimens show a selective type 2 atrophy and a slight increase in the mean diameter of type 1 fibres. Biochemical investigations reveal that the activities of a number of enzymes representative of energy supplying pathways--the glycogenolysis and glycolysis--as well as acid phosphatase activity in the muscle is lowered. Oxidative enzymes are of similar activity in the alcoholics and the control group. The glycolytic enzyme activity is particularly important, being the most sensitive indicators of the onset, intensity, and course of neurogenic damage.

Adult↗