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Biomedical subjects

A Kubík

Publications and source records attributed to A Kubík.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Survival and mortality in a randomized study of lung cancer detection.

In a randomized prospective study of lung cancer detection in a high-risk population of over 6000 heavy smokers semiannual screening by X-ray and sputum cytology was compared to screening at a 3-year interval. The comparison of Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival curves done without and with correcting for lead-time bias disclosed a rather important impact of lead-time bias on survival comparisons. On the contrary, controlling for possible length bias had no obvious effect on the shape of survival curves. The evaluation of mortality from lung cancer, being used as a basic criterion, indicated no traceable benefit from semiannual screening. The higher incidence of lung cancer in the frequently screened group was paralleled by a higher mortality. It is concluded that currently available screening techniques will not solve the problem of lung cancer mortality in smokers. The results underline the importance of primary prevention for lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Percutaneous transthoracic aspiration biopsy: the reliability of cytological diagnosis of intrathoracic tumors].

The authors evaluated percutaneous aspiration biopsies of intrathoracic lesions in 348 patients where the obtained cytological results were compared with the histological finding from resections or post-mortem preparations. In 274 patients malignant and in 74 benign disease was confirmed. In the differentiation of malignant and benign disease the sensitivity of cytology was 84.3%, the specificity 91.9% and the accuracy 85.9%. The type of bronchogenic carcinoma was correctly diagnosed by cytological examination in 69.5%, in squamous cell carcinoma in 76.8%, in small-cell carcinoma in 80% and in adenocarcinoma in 59.1%. The same cytological finding as in the primary tumour was recorded in 73.5% of the patients with metastases in the lungs. Less favourable results as regards assessment of the type of tumour were obtained in other tumours, in particular in lymphogranulomas and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. In 25% it proved possible to assess by cytological examination the type of benign lung tumour.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1986

Lung cancer detection. Results of a randomized prospective study in Czechoslovakia.

A randomized prospective study of lung cancer detection was begun in 1976 to evaluate semiannual screening by radiologic and sputum cytologic study in comparison to screening at a 3-year interval, and to no screening. In a high-risk population of 6364 men (aged 40 to 64 years), the initial prevalence of lung cancer was 0.28% (18 cases), the annual incidence was 0.35% per year (66 cases during 3 years), the proportion of Stage I cases was 31% (26/84), and Stage II was 17% (14/84), "curative" resections were 27% (23/84), and 5-year survival was 23% (19/84). The study confirmed the ability of radiologic screening to detect lung cancer at an earlier stage when treatment by resection can be accomplished. The fate of a high-risk population submitted to screening was better than that of a population with no screening where lung cancer was discovered by symptoms, accidental x-rays, or at autopsy. A matter of lesser importance was the frequency of screening. The absolute numbers of 5-year survivors detected by screening were practically the same for either compared screening frequency.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The influence of smoking and other etiopathogenetic factors on the incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma and chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases.

In the longterm epidemiological studies carried out in the Kol ín District, Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, in the course of the past 20 years, the importance of cigarette smoking as a risk factor of bronchogenic carcinoma and chronic bronchitis has been confirmed. The proportion of cigarette smokers in the population of the district under study, aged 15 years and over, was 57% for males and 14% females. The incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma, proved by histological or cytological examination, was approximately 50 times higher in males from 40 to 64 years of age, who had smoked 200 000 cigarettes and over, than in non-smokers. In cigarette smokers who had not smoked as much, the incidence was 10 times higher then in non-smokers. The frequency of new cases of bronchogenic carcinoma was much higher in males with chronic respiratory symptoms and with tuberculous or posttuberculous fibrotic lesions in the lungs. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis in 1972 was 13% for males and 4% for females, in the total of all age groups over 15 years of age. In the group of smokers who had smoked 100 000 cigarettes, 28% of males and 20% of females had symptoms suggestive of chronic bronchitis. In the group of non-smokers, 5% of males and 3% of females had such symptoms. The incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma and chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases can be raised by the interaction of two or more risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Risk groups and effective x-ray screening frequency of bronchial cancer].

Mortality from bronchial carcinoma has increased in Czechoslovakia since 1950 to the threefold and has amounted to 47.6/100,000 in 1979. Looking for ways to influence this unfavorable development two epidemiological studies were performed with the aim to find hints to increase the efficiency of mass x-ray screenings. In a study in the district of Kolín 18% of 1,081 new cases of bronchial carcinoma were detected by x-ray-examinations of the whole population performed every 3 years and 10% by yearly repeated x-ray examinations of the groups with pulmonary tuberculous and nontuberculous alterations in dispensaire care. The rates of pulmonary resections and of 5 year survival were higher in those cases detected by periodic miniature x-ray examinations than in patients examined by reason of complaints. In an experimental study, done in a risk collective of heavy smokers compared with a randomized control group from 8 selected districts of Czechoslovakia 75% of bronchial cancer incidence was found by screening repeated every half a year. But the resection rate was not as high as a third of these cases. For a screening programme miniature x-ray examinations are recommendable every 1/2 to 1 year for those groups being in dispensaire care because of a higher risk of bronchial carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Studies on smoking, chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases, and lung cancer in selected territories of Czechoslovakia.

Results of epidemiological studies in selected territories of Czechoslovakia confirmed the important role of cigarette smoking as a risk factor of chronic bronchitis and lung cancer. Surveys in Kolin-District, in Prague, and Zatec revealed that the prevalence of chronic bronchitis for adult male smokers was 3--4 times, for adult female smokers twice higher than for the nonsmokers of the respective age and sex. The risk of developing lung cancer in male smokers aged 40--64 years who had smoked a total amount of 200,000 cigarettes and over was approximately 50 times higher than for nonsmokers. The smoking related respiratory diseases represent a serious medical, social, and economic problem. Their prevention carried out by various approaches, including effective smoking control measures, is an important task.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Detection and dispensary care of groups of persons at increased risk of bronchogenic cancer disease in Czechoslovakia].

Epidemiological and clinical studies organized by the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Research Institute, Prague, revealed that the main high-risk factors associated with the incidence of lung cancer in Czechoslovakia are as follows: are and sex, heavy cigarette smoking, persistent cough, expectoration and other symptoms of chronic respiratory disease, and lung lesions of tuberculosis or probably tuberculosis origin. The methods used in Czechoslovakia for lung cancer detection include photofluorography, which has been combined in some investigations with a standard questionnaire eliciting smoking habits and symptoms of respiratory disease. Cytological sputum investigation in suspicion to lung cancer was found to be a useful contribution to the diagnosis. The systematic dispensary control of persons with bronchogenic carcinoma or at high risk for this disease is provided by polyclinic Departments for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases of the District Institutes of National Health in collaboration with general physicians, oncological and other specialized departments. Further studies on methods for detection and dispensary control of lung cancer high-risk groups represent an important research task.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Epidemiological and clinical study of tuberculosis in the district of Kolín, Czechoslovakia. Second report (1965-1972).

An epidemiological and clinical study of tuberculosis in a district with a population of 100 000 has been in operation in Czechoslovakia since 1960. Its objective is to ascertain the epidemiological situation and long-term trend in respect of tuberculosis in a country with well-established tuberculosis control facilities. This second report presents the results achieved in the period 1965-72 and the epidemiological trend of tuberculosis observed during the 12-year study period. The fundamental control measures adopted during the study included systematic BCG vaccination of the newborn and revaccination of persons aged 14 and 19 years; mass surveys of the population over 14 years of age by photofluorography; case-finding among persons with symptoms and in risk groups; systematic treatment of all persons with active tuberculosis-i.e., supervised inpatient treatment followed by outpatient self-administered regimens; and radiological and bacteriological follow-up of cases.The results confirmed that the systematic application of effective treatment throughout the study population was followed by a rapid decline in the prevalence of bacillary tuberculosis, particularly in its chronic form. The incidence of bacillary tuberculosis declined more slowly, because the risk of contracting the disease continued to be high for middle-aged and elderly persons. Indiscriminate photofluorographic surveys of the study population at 3-yearly intervals produced a decreasing yield.An increasing proportion of noninfected persons among the population is the basic condition for a further decline of tuberculosis. The cost of tuberculosis control can be reduced by strict adherence to rational and economical working methods. Most of the economic indicators analysed fell to less than one-fifth between 1961 and 1972.

Adolescent↗