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Biomedical subjects

A Kulig

Publications and source records attributed to A Kulig.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The T/G mutation in exon 8 of hMSH2 gene in the sporadic colon cancer patients.

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system guards against genomic instability, therefore the mutations in the human MMR genes cause the majority of the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and a small percentage of the sporadic colon cancer. hMSH2 is one of MMR genes involved in the correction of mispairing during replication and its mutations are associated with both--microsatellite instability and the hereditary and sporadic colon tumourgenesis. The aim of this study was to analyse the T/G mutation (codon 458) in exon 8 of hMSH2 gene in the sporadic colon cancer cells. We also examined the relationship between the T/G mutation of hMSH2 gene, and the selected prognostic factors such as Dukes' stage, histological grade and lymph node metastasis. We analysed samples of tumour from 75 patients with sporadic colorectal cancers. The mutation in the hMSH2 gene ware determined by the RFLP-PCR. We found T/G mutation in exon 8 of hMSH2 gene in 5 patients (6,7%). There was no statistically significant difference between this mutation and selected clinical parameters. The results of our studies revealed that mutations of hMSH2 gene may lead to development of colorectal cancer. No dependence between the mutation of hMSH2 gene and clinical parameters, suggests that the mutation of hMSH2 gene may have a critical significance for the first steps of carcinogenesis in colon epithelial.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Analysis of RAD51 polymorphism and BRCA1 mutations in Polish women with breast cancer.

AIM: Breast cancer is one of the major killers worldwide. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of BRCA1 germ-line mutations and the RAD51 G/C polymorphism in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: 100 breast cancer women provided blood for mutation analysis. Blood samples age matched healthy individuals (n = 106) served as control. The G/C polymorphism and BRCA1 mutations were determined by PCR-RFLP methods. RESULTS: The distribution of the genotypes of the G/C polymorphism RAD51 in both control and patients did not differ significantly from those predicted by the Hardy - Weinberg distribution. There were no significant differences in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between node-positive and node-negative patients. In present study one Ex20insC mutations of BRCA1 gene was identified in women with breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Our study implies that the G/C polymorphism of the RAD51 gene may not be directly involved in the development and=or progression of breast cancer.

BRCA1 Protein↗
PubMed2004

An association between the matrix metalloproteinase 1 promoter gene polymorphism and lymphnode metastasis in breast cancer.

A single guanine insertion (1G/2G polymorphism) in the promoter of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1) gene creates a binding site for the transcription factor and may affect the level of transcription of MMP-1. An elevated level of MMP-1 in cancer cells may facilitate their invasion and contribute to metastasis. To evaluate the contribution of 1G/2G polymorphism in the development and/or progression of breast cancer we genotyped 135 subjects with breast cancer. The 1G/2G polymorphism was determined by the method based on restriction endonuclease digestion. We found that the frequency of the 2G allele was higher in lymphnode-metastasis patients than in the group without metastasis (p < 0.001). We did not find differences between distribution of the genotypes and frequencies of alleles in cancer patients and in healthy subjects served as control. Our results suggest that allele 2G may be associated with lymphnode metastasis in patients with breast cancer and therefore it can be considered as a prognostic marker in this disease.

Alleles↗
PubMed2004

Usefulness of p16 and K-ras mutation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis differential diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: The differentiation of chronic pancreatitis (CP) from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) remains a great challenge. The purpose of the study was to compare the prevalence of p16 and K-ras mutation in PA and CP in order to evaluate their usefulness in differential diagnosis of those diseases. METHODS: The study included 44 patients who underwent Whipple resection or distal pancreatectomy for PA (23 subjects) or CP (21 subjects). DNA from pancreatic tissue was analysed for K-ras mutation (codon 12) and p16 mutations with PCR amplifications. RESULTS: The K-ras gene mutation has been shown in 17 (73,9%) cases with pancreatic adenocarcinoma which was significantly more often than in chronic pancreatitis - 9 (42,8%) (p<0,01). Prevalence of p16 mutations in patients with PA was 18 (78,3%) and with CP - 7 (33,3%) (p<0,01). K-ras and p16 mutations together have been observed in 16 (69,6%) cases in patients with PC and only in 3 (14,3%) - with CP (p<0,01). No statistically significant association between K-ras or p16 mutations and tumor size, sex or patient age has been observed. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that simultaneous measurement of K-ras and p16 mutations may provide an additional tool in differential diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

Antigen levels of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its gene polymorphisms in colorectal cancer.

We analysed the distribution of genotypes of two polymorphisms in the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) gene: C-->T substitution in exon 6 and T-->C substitution in intron 7 in 52 subjects with colorectal cancer. Genotypes were determined in tumour tissue and distant mucosa samples by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The antigen levels of uPA in cancer tissue were higher than in distant mucosa as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The level of uPA antigens in cancer samples with the C/C genotype of C-->T polymorphism in exon 6 was higher than in samples with C/T and T/T genotypes. No differences in the level of uPA antigens between the alleles of the intron 7 T-->C polymorphism were found. As uPA can be involved in cancer invasion and metastasis, C/C genotype in exon 6 of uPA gene can be further considered as being related to colorectal cancer progression.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

The promoter polymorphism of the matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) gene in women with ovarian cancer.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) comprise family proteolytic enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix components and therefore play an important role in tumour cell invasion and cancer metastasis. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3 or stromelysin 1) gene has been demonstrated in various types of cancers and high level of MMP-3 protein in tumour is a poor prognostic factor for patients. The insertion (6A)/deletion (5A) polymorphism (5A/6A polymorphism) located at the promoter of the MMP-3 gene may have functional significance in the regulation of its expression. In the present work the distribution of genotypes and frequencies of alleles of the 5A/6A polymorphism in subjects with ovarian cancer were investigated. Paraffin embedded tumour tissues were obtained from 100 women with ovarian cancer. The genotypes of 5A/6A polymorphism were determined by PCR amplification using the allele specific primers. The distribution of the genotypes of the 5A/6A polymorphism in both control and patients did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. Additionally, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in genotype distributions and allele frequencies between subgroups assigned to histological stage. The results suggest that the 5A/6A polymorphism of MMP-3 gene may not be linked with appearance and development to ovarian cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) levels and gene promoter polymorphisms in subjects with colorectal cancer.

The high level of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in colorectal cancer predicts poor prognosis for patients. The insertion (5G)/deletion (4G) polymorphism (the 4G/5G polymorphism) and G-->A single base substitution (the G/A polymorphism) located at promoter of PAI-1 gene may have functional significance in regulation of its expression. In the present work the level of PAI-1, distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles of the 4G/5G and G/A polymorphisms in samples of cancer tissue and normal mucosa as well as in blood were investigated. Blood, tumor and normal tissues were obtained from 40 patients with colorectal cancer. The 4G/5G and G/A polymorphism were determined by PCR amplification using the allele specific primers. The PAI-1 level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The distribution of the genotypes of both polymorphisms did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. There were no differences in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between blood, normal mucosa samples and cancer tissue. The 4G/5G and G/A polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium. The average level of PAI-1 in tumor samples was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in normal tissue. The results obtained indicate that a higher level of PAI-1 can be associated with colorectal cancer. On the other hand, in colon cancer, the 4G/5G and G/A polymorphisms are not linked with elevated levels of PAI-1 and therefore may not be used to predict colon cancer prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Congenital pneumonia in fetuses and newborns ad inflammatory lesions in the placenta].

The authors compared the degree of congenital pneumonia in stillborn and neonates died in first two days of life with inflammation lesions of placenta. The coexistence of those two processes and its significant correlation was found, especially among preterm LBW neonates. This finding supports the hypothesis about infection as a probable cause not only of preterm deliveries but infection of fetuses and neonates as well. Analysis of some cases revealed also that general infection of mother could cause transplacental infection of foetuses.

Fetal Diseases↗
PubMed2001

A C/T polymorphism in the urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene in colorectal cancer.

Urokinase plasminogen activation system can play an important role in the appearance and progression of many cancers. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is implicated in the control of cell adhesion and invasion, and is regarded as a strong prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. A C-->T substitution (the C/T polymorphism) in the nucleotide sequence encoding the kringle structure of uPA results in an alteration from proline to leucine at position 121. This substitution may be directly or indirectly involved in the decreased affinity for uPA substrates. In the present work the distribution of genotypes and frequencies of alleles of the C/T polymorphism were investigated. Tumour tissues and distal mucosa samples were obtained from 40 patients with colorectal cancer. Blood samples from sex and age matched healthy individuals served as control. The C/T polymorphism was determined by PCR amplification using the allele specific primers. No differences between genotypes of the C/T polymorphism in cancer tissue and distant mucosa of each patient were found. The distributions of the genotypes in both patients and control differed significantly (p < 0.05) from that predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. A distinct preference of heterozygotes (70% - patients, 65% - controls) was observed in both patients and controls. Additionally, there were no differences in the frequencies of the C and T alleles in both groups. The C/T polymorphism of the uPA gene may not be linked with colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Clinical-pathomorphologic preparation of patients after surgical treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer to adjuvant treatment with 131I].

UNLABELLED: Thyroid cancer treatment includes: surgery, radioiodine therapy, thyroxine therapy and radiotherapy. Selection of treatment's strategy depends on histopathological evaluation, age of patient and iodine uptake. The aim of the analysis was to verify how the medical documentation of patients treated by surgical treatment was prepared. All patients were directed to the Department of Endocrinology, Holycross Cancer Center in Kielce. Analysis encompassed 33 patients classified to 131I therapy for the first time. In each case patient's medical documentation and histopathological diagnosis made in Department of Tumor Pathology, Holycross Cancer Center, were compared. RESULTS: A conformity with primary cancer diagnosis was obtained in all but one patient in whom pathological consultation did not confirm oxyphilic carcinoma. In four cases the type of cancer was changed as a result of repeated consultation. pTMN classification was stated in 23 primary pathologic examination cases. After consultation of slides and inspection of surgery protocol, total or partial pTNM stage was obtained in other 9 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Establishment of diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm, accepted on Conference in Szczyrk, 1995 is inadequately executed in small centers. Routine consultation of histopathological slides creates a possibility to make a proper choice of treatment's strategy.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

[Differential criteria between papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma--initial conclusions from a multicenter trial].

Histopathological diagnosis of thyroid cancer is difficult and requires much experience. Pathologists have to know many histopathological variants and be aware of the current diagnostic criteria. The aim of the study was to unify criteria applied all over the country and compare whether the accuracy of diagnosis has changed in the course of the last fifteen years. In a multicenter trial, 36 pathologists from 25 centers reevaluated 232 thyroid tumors operated between 1985-1998. The reference diagnosis was given on the basis of evaluation made by four experienced pathologists. The two-step analysis was performed. At first, the accuracy of the diagnosis of malignant neoplasm was evaluated. Then, the accuracy of the diagnosis of the cancer histotype was analyzed, with estimation of kappa coefficients and their asymptomatic standard error. Comparison of primary and reference diagnoses revealed statistically significant differences--in 17% of cases the primary diagnosis of cancer was not confirmed by experienced pathologists. Kappa coefficient for the diagnosis of cancer histotype was 0.53 + 0.06. On the contrary, the diagnoses made by the participants of the trial did not differ significantly from the reference ones. Kappa coefficient for the diagnosis of cancer histotype was significantly higher than for primary diagnoses with 0.63 +/- 0.10 (p < 0.001). The first results of the multicenter trial indicated that the most frequent diagnostic error made at primary diagnosis was the overdiagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma. Thus, a summary of strict criteria for papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma is also given.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed2001

[Criteria for histopathologic diagnosis of thyroid cancer in a quick test of accuracy].

A quick test of accuracy of histopathological diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma was performed in May 2000 during the meeting of Polish thyroid cancer group (Committee for Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Carcinoma). 29 pathologists participated in the test and evaluated 8 cases of thyroid carcinoma and 14 benign thyroid lesions. All cases were chosen from the current material sent for pathologic evaluation to the Institute of Oncology in Gliwice due to diagnostic difficulties. In total, 591 diagnoses were made and were the subject of the presented analysis. They were compared with reference diagnosis in two aspects. First, the accuracy of the distinction between malignant and benign lesions was evaluated. 72.5% of diagnoses were concordant with the reference. The false diagnosis of cancer in a benign lesion was observed 133 times (22.5% of all diagnoses). A reverse error--a false exclusion of cancer--was seen in 29 diagnoses (4.9%). Chi 2 test revealed a statistically significant difference between the participants' diagnoses and reference ones (p < 0.0001). Overdiagnosis of cancer was the most frequent at the diagnosis of follicular or oxyphilic cancer. With reference to the diagnosis of cancer histotype, concordant diagnoses were seen in 40-47% of cases with the lowest accuracy of the diagnosis of oxyphilic (40% of correct diagnoses) and follicular (50%) cancer. The causes of false diagnoses may be divided in two groups: sample-related causes (sampling of surgical specimens, lack of standard description, insufficient number of samples, poor quality of staining) and diagnostic errors: non-compliance with diagnostic criteria and inappropriate setting of diagnoses, which require immunohistochemical confirmation.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1998

[Difficulties in diagnosis of specific pneumonia: clinical and pathomorphological confrontation].

Caseous pneumonia is one of acute kinds of tuberculosis. Difficulties in diagnosing of caseous pneumonia were described in this paper. Material contained 40 patients /28 men and 12 women/ mean age 53 +/- 16 years/ which died in The Hospital of Lung Diseases in Lódź. In this patients diagnosed caseous pneumonia. Analyse obtained many clinical parameters /age, sex, hospitalisation, period, investigation and medical, examination, results of bacteriological and radiological finding and autopsy diagnoses. Authors thought that the need of bacteriological examination and X-Ray examination in diagnosis of caseous pneumonia. Confrontation of clinical and pathomorphological diagnosis are very important.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Macroscopic estimation of the placenta using a morphometric grid. Part I: pre-pregnancy and post-pregnancy diabetes mellitus].

Kurt Benirschke has once written that the placenta provides the most accurate records of prenatal history of foetus. Our study included 104 placentas obtained from pregnancy complicated by diabetes. An obstetrician did the planimetric estimation directly after delivery. A measurement of lesions was conducted with using a special own idea's morphometric grid that allowed us to evaluate a placental surface and a relative size of change statement in a very quick and convenient way. Our method is very useful for making a quantitative estimation of pathological changes in the chorionic plate of placenta.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Macroscopic assessment of the placenta using a morphometric grid. Part II: other selected pathologies].

Kurt Benirschke has once written that the placenta provides the most accurate records of prenatal history of foetus. Our study included 2498 placentas obtained from pregnancy complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and epilepsy. An obstetrician did the planimetric estimation directly after delivery. A measurement of lesions was conducted with using a special own idea's morphometric grid that allowed us to evaluate a placental surface and a relative size of change statement in a very quick and convenient way. Our method is very useful for making a quantitative estimation of pathological changes in the chorionic plate of placenta.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Macroscopic assessment of the placenta using a morphometric grid. Part III: preterm delivery].

Kurt Benirschke has once written that the placenta provides the most accurate records of prenatal history of foetus. Our study included 198 placentas obtained from pregnancy complicated by preterm delivery. An obstetrician did the planimetric estimation directly after delivery. A measurement of lesions was conducted with using a special own idea's morphometric gird that allowed us to evaluate a placental surface and a relative size of change statement in a very quick and convenient way. Our method is very useful for making a quantitative estimation of pathological changes in the chorionic plate of placenta.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Grading of gastric epithelial dysplasia. An interobserver study and analysis of diagnostic criteria.

One of the fundamental problems in the pathology of gastric epithelium is differentiation of reactive or regenerative proliferations, which are not precancerous from precancerous proliferations (i.e. dysplasia) and cancer. Diagnostic and interpretational difficulties, a need for a close cooperation between pathologists and clinicians and an attempt to more precisely assess gastric epithelial dysplasia prompted us to evaluate the usefulness of the current morphological criteria in the diagnosis and grading of gastric epithelial proliferations. The present study indicates that there are no sufficient grounds for grading of dysplasia, although the current morphological criteria permit establishment of a correct diagnosis. Therefore, the currently used three-grade classification of dysplasia may be successfully replaced with an easier two-grade classification or resigned totally.

Adult↗