[Bronchiolitis: classification, clinical picture, and anatomical pathology].
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Bronchi↗
Biomedical subjects
A L Cherniaev
Publications and source records attributed to A L Cherniaev.
[Effect of halogen aerosol therapy on resistance parameters of the respiratory tract].
AIM: Assessment of the efficacy of dry high-dispersive aerosol of sodium chloride--the main acting factor of haloaerosol therapy--on defense system of the respiratory tract. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 188 patients with respiratory disease and at risk of pulmonary pathology received course of haloaerosol therapy. 49 matched patients were given placebo. The effect of the treatment was assessed by clinicoendoscopic picture, cytomorphological and bacteriological characteristics of the bronchoalveolar lavage, contamination activity of the microflora, activity of local humoral immunity in pharyngeal brush-biopsies and saliva, rheological indices of the sputum. RESULTS: Dry aerosol of sodium chloride demonstrated antiinflammatory activity in the respiratory tract, mucoregulating action. It enhances drainage of the bronchi, activates alveolar macrophages, improves biocenosis and local humoral immunity. CONCLUSION: Haloaerosol therapy has positive effect on the defense system, improves function of the respiratory tracts.
Administration, Inhalation↗
[Concentration of heavy elements and their compounds in the cells from BALF and pulmonary tumors in radiation-exposed subjects].
AIM: Measurement of heavy elements in alveolar macrophages (AM) of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and pulmonary tumor tissue (PTT); investigation of spacial distribution of the heavy particles in the tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laser mass-spectrometry estimated quantitative and qualitative characteristics of heavy elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zr, etc.) in diagnostic and therapeutic BAL of 6 patients exposed to radiation after the Chernobyl accident and in pulmonary tumor tissue of patients operated for central small-cell and peripheral bronchoalveolar cancer who also had been exposed to radiation after the Chernobyl. RESULTS: Heavy elements concentration in the secondary BAL was less than in the primary one. This shows effectiveness of the procedures aimed at removal of heavy particles from the respiratory organs. Heavy elements content was quite different in two histologically different tumors. CONCLUSION: Laser mass-spectrometry proved its usefulness in simultaneous study of the quantity and quality of heavy elements in AM of BAL and tumors in radiation-exposed subjects, in investigation of the elements distribution in the pulmonary tissues and changes of elements composition in the tissues in the course of tumors development.
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
[Analysis of cytological values of bronchoalveolar lavage in allergic inflammation of the bronchopulmonary system].
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Adult↗
Lungs exposed to nuclear catastrophe: one-year therapeutic programme in Chernobyl liquidators group.
The high prevalence of chronic respiratory problems in cleaning technicians (so-called "liquidators") of the destroyed reactor at Chernobyl and prolonged persistence of inhaled radioactive particles in their lungs suggested a substantial link between radioactive exposure and the diseases observed. Taking into account the importance of the problem, we started this study with the aim of establishing an effective and useful therapeutic program and assessing its efficacy during a one-year period of treatment. Chernobyl liquidators (n = 20) were screened by clinical history, physical examination, lung function test, chest radiograph, electrocardiogram, complete blood cell counts, serum chemistry, immunological blood tests, and complete BAL fluid investigation. One group of the patients (n = 10) underwent a special one-year treatment including polyvitamins, N-acetylcysteine, and therapeutic BAL every 3 months. The technique of therapeutic BAL has proven to be a promising and effective tool in the treatment of lung diseases induced by inhalation of radioactive particles.
Adult↗
[The morphometric characteristics of the blood and sputum eosinophils in bronchial asthma patients].
The authors investigated principal morphometric parameters of peripheral blood and sputum eosinophils in 18 patients with moderate bronchial asthma receiving combined treatment, in healthy donors and BA patients treated for a long time with sodium cromoglycate (SC). In BA exacerbation there appeared eosinophils with large-size cells, cytoplasm and nucleus. The treatment resulted in a decrease in the cell and cytoplasm area, enlargement of the nucleus. SC cause morphometric alterations in eosinophils. The change in morphometric characteristics of the blood and sputum eosinophils, relationships between different cell characteristics in the course of treatment evidence for alterations of synthetic processes in the blood and sputum eosinophils, for replacement in cell the cell pool.
Adult↗
[The morphological characteristics of the alveolar macrophages in those who cleaned up the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station at a late period (1)].
The paper presents morphological, morphometric and densitometric evidence obtained on cytoplasmic inclusions of alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage of chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) sufferers. All of them previously worked in the zone contaminated after the Chernobyl accident. The control consisted of nonexposed to radiation COB patients. In the exposed subjects alveolar macrophages were more active, 20% of cytoplasm was occupied by numerous phagolysosomes varying in form. Their densitometric evaluation has been performed. Further bronchoalveolar lavages will be conducted to follow up the above changes in alveolar macrophages.
Adult↗
[The effect of the Russian inhalant glucocorticosteroid budesonide on bronchial inflammation and hyperreactivity during the long-term treatment of bronchial asthma patients].
11 patients with severe bronchial asthma entered a randomized trial of glucocorticosteroid budesonide of Russian produce. Of them 6 patients received inhalations of budesonide (800 micrograms/day for 6 months), 5 control patients did not receive the drug. As shown by investigations of external respiration and bronchoalveolar lavage with estimation of cytogram, metacholine provocative tests, fiber bronchoscopy, budesonide inhalations relieved clinical symptoms of asthma, bronchial hyperreactivity and inflammation.
Administration, Inhalation↗
[The correlational analysis assessment of exacerbation in bronchial asthma and treatment efficacy].
Blood and sputum eosinophils, eosinophilic cation protein (ECP) in the serum and OPV1 were measured in 30 patients with atopic bronchial asthma (BA) of moderate severity showing eosinophilia at the beginning and the end of treatment week 1 and 4, respectively. In exacerbation of BA relative number of blood eosinophils averaged 10.4 + -1.4%, sputum 35.2 + -5.6%. Serum concentration of ECP, OPV1, IgE averaged 42.6% + -11.9%, 66.8 + -6.3%, 753.7 + -114 IU/ml, respectively. In exacerbation a strong correlation is noted between relative number of eosinophils in the blood and sputum, between the levels of IgE and ECP. At the end of the treatment OPV1 was higher while ECP level in the serum went down. Reduced eosinophilia in the blood and sputum correlated with OPV1 increment. In BA patients with high blood and sputum eosinophilia function of the lungs depends on eosinophilic number, while in normalization of blood eosinophil concentration and in a sharp fall of sputum eosinophil number OPV1 changes correlation with changes in ECP in the course of treatment. A close correlation between changes in eosinophil count, FVD indices, IgE and ECP levels during the treatment indicate relief of inflammation in BA patients.
Adult↗
The delayed respiratory consequences of inhaled radionuclides in population exposed to nuclear catastrophe.
Cytological analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and x-ray energy dispersive spectrometry of intercellular compounds were evaluated in 19 workers ("liquidators") commissioned to clean and contain the nuclear waste after the Chernobyl catastrophe in comparison with ten control subjects. Results showed a significant increase of neutrophils, small monocyte-like alveolar macrophages (AM) and AM with large black cytoplasmic inclusions. In addition, such mineral elements as Zr, Ce, Pr, Sm, Pa, PU and Cs were detected in AM phagosomes in liquidators. These elements were reported as markers of Chernobyl-type nuclear fuel. It is recognized that BAL gives access to particulate matter present in lung parenchyma. Thus, spectrometric analysis of AM inclusions can provide reliable information about the exposure to inhaled radionuclides seven years after the catastrophe.
Administration, Inhalation↗
[Morphofunctional characteristics of cadmium-induced arterial hypertension].
Chronic (12 weeks) peroral administration of cadmium chloride to albino rats in a dose of 2.5 mg/100 g body weight results in arterial hypertension characterized by the increase in systolic blood pressure up to 148 +/- 1.8 mm Hg (vs. 115.4 +/- 1.5 mm Hg in the control animals); the increase in vascular resistance, left ventricular cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, as well as by hypertrophy of arterial walls, the decrease in the ventricular index, the activation of synthesizing function of atrial endocrine cardiomyocytes; enhanced secretion of ANP; a more than two-fold increase in plasma myoglobin concentration, as well as by the development of cadmium-induced nephropathy. In the rehabilitation period (9 weeks) a relatively quick fall in the blood pressure is observed, as well as morphological features of myocardial and renal function recovery, suggesting the nonpersistent nature of cadmium-induced hypertension.
Animals↗
[Morphological evaluation of reconstructive operations on the bronchi using a microsurgical technic in an experiment].
Morphological study of bronchial anastomoses repair made with or without microsurgical techniques has been performed in 30 mongrel dogs. Comparative analysis of bronchoscopy, microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy data shows earlier epithelialization, more regular conjunction of bronchial tube and less marked inflammation in anastomosis made with microsurgical techniques. The fact may be explained by a less pronounced traumatization of bronchial tissues with microinstruments and also by tight suture of mucosal layer which creates favourable conditions for repair of anastomosis per primam.
Anastomosis, Surgical↗
[Myoglobin of the myocardium and skeletal musculature].
Clinical and experimental literature data reviewed by the author concern myoglobin structure, function and content in normal myocardium, skeletal muscles and serum. The assessment was aimed at elucidation of myoglobin diagnostic potential for a variety of pathologies. Its role in human and animal adaptation in exposure to cold, physical stress and high-altitude factors is demonstrated.
Altitude↗
[Causes of status asthmaticus and fatal outcome in patients with bronchial asthma].
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Adult↗
[Atrial natriuretic factor in human and animal pathology].
The atria and blood plasma of man and many mammals have been discovered to contain a regulatory atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) that comprises peptides of several species ranging 2500 to 3500 daltons in molecular mass. ANF receptors in various tissues have been localized, and the major functions of the factor, viz., vasodilator (hypotensive), diuretic, and natriuretic, have been elucidated. This has led investigators to modify their views on the regulation of extracellular fluid dynamics. In light of the new knowledge on ANF functions, targeted histologic studies of the atria and their endocrine system in disease are now presenting heightened interest.
Aging↗
[Large intestine obstruction due to a gallstone].
A case of an internal cholecystogastric fistula that closed spontaneously and combined with low large-intestinal obstruction due to a gallstone is described. Other, similar cases reported in the literature are reviewed.
Aged↗
[Myocardial myoglobin in some types of cardiac pathology in the far northeastern USSR].
Immunomorphological and biochemical study of the myoglobin in the myocardium of 118 males at the age of from 30 to 55 years who died suddenly from coronary insufficiency, chronic pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency and from alcoholic cardiomyopathy in Magadan and Moscow is described. A decrease of the myoglobin concentration is revealed in the myocardium of the practically healthy Magadan citizeus as compared to that of moscovites. When the death occurred suddenly reduction of the myoglobin content is noted in the left ventricle simultaneously with its hypertrophy. It is shown immunomorphologically that myoglobin in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes is observed in the form of dense foci, granules and streaks. The myoglobin concentration tend to the reduction when there was hypertrophy of the right ventricle in patients dying from chronic pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency. Almost two-fold decrease of the myoglobin concentration in the left ventricle without its visible hypertrophy was observed in alcoholic cardiomyopathy, this may serve as a complementary test in the diagnosis of this disease.
Adult↗
[Adaptive changes in the myocardium of rats under periodic cooling].
Study of 40 male rats which survived the periodic graded cooling within the temperatures ranging from 4 degrees to -20 degrees C has demonstrated that histologically the hypertrophy of the right ventricle is detectable at the first week, whereas upon separate heart weighing at the 4th week. Dispersion analysis has shown that this hypertrophy is adaptative in character, correlates with the cooling, and gets stabilized by the 5th week of experiment.
Adaptation, Physiological↗