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Biomedical subjects

A L Cherniaev

Publications and source records attributed to A L Cherniaev.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Postinfarct defects of the interventricular heart septum in hypertension].

Six autopsy observations of postinfarction defects of the interventricular septum developing in the presence of transmural myocardial infarctions in men of 64-69 who had suffered from hypertension for 10-15 years are described. Five patients with such defect died within the first week after the development of the defect of the interventricular septum, but one patient with this defect lived for 2 years and died with repeat infarction. This complication was diagnosed intravitally in 3 patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Calculator for micrometric analysis of histological structures from negatives, photographic plates and photographs].

The description of a counting device for morphometric analysis of histological structures from negatives, photographic plates and photographs, assembled on the basis of the colony counter and a binocular attachment to MBC-1 microscope, is presented. The counting of dots or histological structures on a definite area is performed using an electrical pen. The results are recorded by the counter. The proposed device allows a morphometric analysis in various types of morphological investigations to be carried out rapidly and with a sufficient precision.

Calibration↗
PubMed1979

[Correlation analysis of the organometric heart parameters under normal and pathological conditions].

An organometric study of 27 heart parameters normally, in hypertension, chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases and ischemic heart disease was carried out. Significant differences in the heart weight values under normal and pathological conditions were found. A correlation analysis of the heart parameters normally and pathologically was performed revealing specific associations for each group of pathology. Increased associations were observed between heart weight values and its parts and the linear-planimetric parameters in the groups of ischemic heart disease and chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphologic and molecular-genetic characterization of lung cancer developing in people who have worked at nuclear facilities and who have lived in Russian territories polluted after the accident at the Chernobyl power plant].

Clinicomorphological analysis of 15 lung carcinomas of patients who had been exposed for a long time to the radiation after the Chernobyl accident was performed. The material consisted of 10 surgical and 5 autopsy cases and was studied at the light, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical level. There were 6 peripheral, 8 central carcinomas and one massive tumor. Fibrous areas with many dust particles were found in peripheral carcinomas. In central tumors chronic obstructive bronchitis with epithelial dysplasia and metaplasia was observed. Carcinoma was represented by various histologic types: small cell (4 cases), combined small cell with squamous differentiation (5 cases), adenocarcinoma (5 cases), adenosquamous type (1 case). Peculiar calcium deposits in both stroma and parenchyma were found in tumors with glandular differentiation. Morphogenesis of calcium microdeposits may be connected with dust radioactive particles elimination. Central carcinoma had, in the majority of cases, a neuroendocrine differentiation and can be related to some types of small cell carcinoma. Peripheral cancer was mostly of a glandular differentiation and was, as a rule, carcinoma in the scar. Lung carcinomas studied had peculiar molecular-genetic features: lack or low bcl-2 expression, low Ki-67 expression and a high degree of c-myc expression. Tumors were characterized by a low apoptosis index independently of a histologic type. Apoptosis was not complete: lack of apoptotic bodies phagocytosis this resulting in postapoptotic detritus formation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphological characteristics of cell populations in bronchial biopsy from mining-chemical factory workers].

A clinicomorphological examination of bronchial and transbronchial biopsies from the workers of a mining and chemical enterprise in Zheleznogorsk has demonstrated that long-term exposure to low-dose radionuclide radiation induces essential inflammatory and scleroticatrophic changes in the bronchopulmonary tissue. All the cell populations of the bronchial epithelium and stroma as well as a respiratory part of the lungs are involved into the pathological process. Squamous metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium is observed in 50% cases, in half of them various dysplastic processes occur. The complex of the above morphological alterations evidences for an oncological trend in pathological processes in the lungs of workers exposed to radionuclides.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphofunctional characteristics of microvessels in serous tumors of the ovaries].

High vascularization is noted in serous papillary ovarian tumors of a low malignancy grade, particularly in malignant serous ovarian tumors with low vascularization in benign neoplasms. Pronounced morphological changes in the vascular wall are found mainly in malignant tumors and tumors of a low malignancy grade where primitive blood vessels of a sinusoid type with a thin muscle wall prevail. Types of vascularization in the tumors studied are variable and this correlates with results of color doppler mapping.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microsurgical sutures of the trachea and bronchi (experimental study)].

A method for the formation of tracheal and bronchial anastomoses with a two-row suture by means of microsurgical techniques was elaborated in experiments on 52 mongrel dogs. In the control series the bronchial anastomosis was created with interrupted sutures passed through all the coats of the bronchial wall. Morphological study of the reparative processes in the tracheal and bronchial anastomoses showed that healing of the anastomosis formed by means of microsurgical techniques occurred sooner and with a lesser inflammatory reaction than healing of the communication in the control series. This is explained by the fact that the microsurgical suture of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa ensures adequate approximation of the margins of the anastomosis and reliable air-tightness and promotes healing by first intention.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidence, etiology and diagnostic errors of pneumonia in general hospitals].

327 and 736 protocols of postmortem examinations from Moscow hospitals N 31 and 57, respectively, were evaluated statistically. The quality of clinical diagnosis of pneumonia was examined. Pneumonia caused death in 26.3 and 21.1% of cases in Moscow hospitals 31 and 57, respectively. Besides subjective reasons which were the main cause of diagnostic mistakes, there were such factors as poor condition of patients, atypical pneumonia course, alcoholism.

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphometric and ultrastructural characterization of the bronchial smooth musculature in experimental bronchospasm].

A new technique was used in experimental bronchospasm model on 30 guinea pigs: spot alkaline dissociation of bronchial smooth myocytes. No pronounced smooth muscle hypertrophy occurred within 50 days but the number of myocytes with contractures increased as well as proliferative activity and hyperplasia of myocytes, degeneration of large myocytes and restructuring of myocyte population.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Stereoultrastructure of placenta and fetal membranes in normal pregnancy in women living in the Mid-North-East of Russia].

The surface of placenta was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Intercellular edema, desquamation of some amniotic cells, increased number of terminal chorionic villi and syncytial nodes, areas deprived of microvilli were found in the placenta at physiological 40-week pregnancy and delivery. These changes are of an adaptive nature.

Extraembryonic Membranes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Malignant splenic hemangioendothelioma].

The death of a 39-year-old male patient occurred because of the tumor rupture into the abdominal cavity. Splenic hemangioendothelioma was not diagnosed clinically. The literature data on the incidence of this tumor, its clinical course and survival are presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cystic fibrosis in adolescent patients].

Summary--An autopsy observation of mucoviscydosis in a female who died at the age of 17 with a prevalent affection of the bronchopulmonary system is reported. Pronounced cystic fibrosis with atrophy and lipomatosis of the pancreas was found. The cause of death was respiratory failure in spite of intensive antibacterial therapy. Bullous emphysema with frequent pneumothorax in adults with this disease considerably worsens the prognosis and requires urgent therapy which in this case was not conducted because of late hospitalization.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Various aspects of pathogenesis and pathology of bronchial asthma].

Participation in bronchial asthma pathogenesis of the epithelium, bronchial wall, effector cells of inflammation at various periods of the disease are described. Morphology of the bronchi between the attacks, at the height of the attack and at the experimental model of the bronchospasm is presented. The hypotheses of the bronchospasm and respiratory tract obstruction are discussed.

Asthma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cytological characteristics, elemental composition of alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage, lung pathology in liquidators of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl power plant].

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), broncho- and transbronchial biopsies were examined in Chernobyl wreckers eleven years after the accident. Cytologically and electron-microscopically, there was predominance of alveolar macrophages (AM) with many cytoplasmic foreign bodies containing clear needle-like crystals. Roentgenospectral analysis and laser mass-spectrometry revealed chemical elements which are part of non-active "hot particles" (Al, Si, Ca, Fe) as well as reactor fuel elements and the station constructive materials which are the active part of "hot particles". Programmed BALF allowed to decrease cytosis and the amount of AM containing foreign-body particles as well as concentration of the majority of chemical elements in AM.

Adult↗